襄陽四中2024級(jí)高二上學(xué)期12月月考英語試題★祝考試順利★注意事項(xiàng)：1．答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)填寫在答題卡上。2．回答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)?；卮鸱沁x擇題時(shí)，將答案寫在答題卡上，寫在本試卷上無效。3．考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)做題時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。1.HowdidthewomanfeelduringthefirsttwodaysinThailand?A.Upset.B.Tired.C.Happy.2.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Inabookstore.B.Inashop.C.Inarestaurant.3.WhydidthemangotoBeijinglastweekend?A.Todoshopping.B.Tomeethisfriend.C.Tohavelunch.4.What?stherelationshipbetweenthewomanandFranklin?A.Colleagues.B.Classmates.C.Teacherandstudent.5.Whatdoesthemanmean?A.Hehasbeenoutofjob.B.Hedislikeshispresentjob.C.Herefusesthejoboffered.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Howdidthewomanusetogotowork?A.Bybus.B.Bycar.C.Onfoot.7.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Ridingthebus.B.Protectingtheearth.C.Savingtrafficfares.聽第7段材料，回答第8、9題。8.WhyisKategoingtothelibrary?A.Toborrowsomepoetrybooks.B.TowritepoemsaboutAmerica.C.Togetsomethingforherpaper.9.Whatdidthemandolastweekend?A.Hewentoutwithhismother.B.Hesawthesciencefictionfilm.C.HewenttotheOdeonCinema.聽第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10.Whatclassdoesthewomantake?A.Spanish.B.English.C.Art.11.Howmanytimesaweekdoesthemangotoschool?A.Once.B.Twice.C.Threetimes.12.Wheredoesthewomanworkonweekends?A.Atthelibrary.B.Atthezoo.C.Atthegrocerystore.聽第9段材料，回答第13至16題。13.Whatdoweknowaboutthewoman?A.Sheknewnothingabouttheband.B.Shewantstojointheband,too.C.Shewasamemberoftheband.14.Howoldwasthemanwhenhestartedtoplaybaseguitar?A.15.B.16.C.21.15.Wheredoesthemanusuallyplaymusic?A.Inthecitytheaters.B.Onthetownsquare.C.Inlocalclubs.16.Whydoesthemanjointheband?A.Tohavefun.B.Tomakemoney.C.Tomeetstars.聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.Wherewilltheclassicalconcerttakeplace?A.InBuilding1.B.Inagallery.C.InBuilding2.18.WhatisLarryHiggins?A.Amusician.B.Awriter.C.Apainter.19.WhenwillVictoriapresentherpictures?A.At12am.B.At3pm.C.At5pm.20.Whateventwillbeheldat4pm?A.Theclassicalconcert.B.Theshowforchildren.C.Themodernartexhibition.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ABigThinkersSeriesTheBigThinkersSeriesfromNewScientisteventsfeaturesfouronlinetalks,coveringawiderangeoftopicsbyworldclassscientistspeakersandexperts.Ifyouarecuriousaboutyourplanetoryouruniverse,thenthisseriesisyourplacetohearthelatestresearch.Save$20offthestandardticketpricebypurchasingaseriestickettoallfourtalksintheBigThinkersSeries(availableondemand)orpurchaseasingleticketforjust$13perlecture(availablebyearlybooking).Reality+:fromtheMatrixtotheMetaversewithDavidChalmersInthistalk,philosopherDavidChalmersarguesthatMetaversestylevirtualworldsexperiencedthroughheadsetsarealsogenuineandmeaningfulrealitiesandwecanliveameaningfullifeinVR.Whatwedon?tknowaboutgravitywithClaudiadeRhamWeareallfamiliarwiththeconceptofgravity.Inthistalk,ProfessorClaudiadeRhamwillexplorehowmuchweactuallyknowaboutgravityandhowmuchmorethereislefttouncover.AbriefhistoryoftimekeepingwithChadOrzelFromStonehengetoatomicclocks,hereisthe5,000yearhistoryofhowscienceisusedtomarktime.ChadOrzel,theinternationallybestsellingauthorofHowtoTeachQuantumPhysicstoYourDog,offersusawittyjourneythroughscientifictheoryandquirky(離奇的)historicaldetail.PhysicsattheendoftheuniversewithKatieMackTheBigBangtheorytellsthestoryofthebeginningoftheuniverseforthelast13.8billionyears.Buthowdoesthestoryend?JoinastronomerKatieMackassheshareswhatmodernastrophysics(天體物理學(xué))tellsusaboutthefinalfateoftheuniverse.1.Howmuchdoesaseriesticketcost?A.$13. B.$20.C.$32. D.$33.2.WhatwillChadOrzellectureon?A.Thevirtualreality.B.Thehistoryoftimemarking.CThesecretofgravity.D.Thefinalfateoftheuniverse.3.Whatdothefourtalkshaveinmon?A.Theyarealltargetedatsciencelovers.B.Theywillbegivenbybestsellingauthors.C.Theyareallcloselyrelatedtogravity.D.Theywillbegivenbyexcellentphysicists.【答案】1.C2.B3.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要講述了《新科學(xué)家》活動(dòng)的大思想家系列講座的相關(guān)信息，包括票價(jià)、講座主題及內(nèi)容等。【1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Save$20offthestandardticketpricebypurchasingaseriestickettoallfourtalksintheBigThinkersSeries(availableondemand)orpurchaseasingleticketforjust$13perlecture(availablebyearlybooking).(購買該系列全套四場(chǎng)講座的通票（支持按需回看），可在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)票價(jià)基礎(chǔ)上立減20美元；也可提前預(yù)訂單場(chǎng)講座門票，單價(jià)僅13美元。)”可知，單場(chǎng)票價(jià)為13美元，四場(chǎng)講座的套票價(jià)格應(yīng)為13*420=32美元。故選C?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)AbriefhistoryoftimekeepingwithChadOrzel部分中“FromStonehengetoatomicclocks,hereisthe5,000yearhistoryofhowscienceisusedtomarktime.ChadOrzel,theinternationallybestsellingauthorof

HowtoTeachQuantumPhysicstoYourDog,offersusawittyjourneythroughscientifictheoryandquirky(離奇的)historicaldetail.(本場(chǎng)講座將呈現(xiàn)五千年的計(jì)時(shí)發(fā)展史——從巨石陣到原子鐘，講述人類如何運(yùn)用科學(xué)知識(shí)計(jì)量時(shí)間。國際暢銷書《給狗狗講量子物理》的作者查德?奧澤爾，將以風(fēng)趣幽默的方式，帶我們領(lǐng)略科學(xué)理論與離奇歷史細(xì)節(jié)交織的奇妙歷程。)”可知，查德?奧澤爾的講座主題是計(jì)時(shí)的歷史。故選B。【3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“TheBigThinkersSeriesfromNewScientisteventsfeaturesfouronlinetalks,coveringawiderangeoftopicsbyworldclassscientistspeakersandexperts.Ifyouarecuriousaboutyourplanetoryouruniverse,thenthisseriesisyourplacetohearthelatestresearch.(《新科學(xué)家》活動(dòng)的大思想家系列包括四場(chǎng)在線講座，由世界一流的科學(xué)家演講者和專家就廣泛的主題進(jìn)行演講。如果你對(duì)你的星球或宇宙感到好奇，那么這個(gè)系列就是你了解最新研究的地方。)”可知，這四場(chǎng)講座的共同點(diǎn)是它們都是針對(duì)科學(xué)愛好者的。故選A。BEugeneNewmanParker,aleadingfigureinheliospheric(日球?qū)拥?physicsforthepasthalfcentury,passedawaypeacefullyathishomeinChicagoonMarch15.Hewas94.Consideredasavisionaryinthefieldofheliophysics,ParkerrevolutionizedourunderstandingofthesunanditseffectsonEarthandotherbodieswithinthesolarsystem.NASAevenstatedthatthefieldofheliophysicsexistsinlargepartbecauseofDrEugeneParker.In2018,Parkerbecamethefirstlivingscientisttowitnessthelaunchofaspacecraftwhichwasnamedinhishonour.Parkerisbestknownforhisgroundbreakingtheoryontheexistenceofaphenomenoncalled“solarwind”,acontinuousstreamofchargedparticles(粒子)thatflowoffthesun.Itcanbeeviolent,causingspaceweatherthatimpactstheEarth.WhenParker’sresearchwaspublishedin1958,histheorywasinitiallymetwithskepticism(懷疑)bythescientificmunity.Thegeneralviewthenwasthatthespacebetweenplanetswaspletelyemptyofanymatter.Buttherewerenoerrorsinhisstudyorhiscalculations,andthetheorywaslaterproventobecorrectin1962,whenaNASAspacecraftmissiontoVenusrevealedtheconstantpresenceofasupersonicwind—exactlyasParkerhadpredicted.ThatexperiencelikelyledtotheadviceParkeroftengaveyoungresearchers:“Ifyoudosomethingneworinnovative,expecttrouble.Butthinkcriticallyaboutitbecauseifyou’rewrong,youwanttobethefirstonetoimprove.”Parkernevercoauthoredapaperwithhisstudents,thusurgingthemtobeindependent.Parkerwaswise,humble,andstraightforward.HissonEricsaid,“MysisterJoyceandIdidn’tgetarealfeelforwhata‘bigdog’ourdadwasinthefield.”TheygotanevenbettersensewhenamonthafterParker’sdeath,theytravelledtoLund,Sweden,toacceptonhisbehalftheCrafoodPrizeinAstronomy.4.Whatcanwelearnfromthesecondparagraph?A.ThesunhaslesseffectonEarththanexpected.B.AspaceshipwaslaunchedinmemoryofParker.C.Parkerdeservedcreditforhisgreatcontributions.D.NASAofferednewinsightsintothesolarsystem.5.WhydidpeopledoubtParker’sbestknowntheoryatfirst?A.Somemistakeswerefoundinhiscalculations.B.Itwentagainstthepopularopinionatthattime.C.Thepresenceofasupersonicwindwasproven.D.Matterwasbelievedtoexistbetweenplanets.6.WhatdidParkersuggestyoungresearchersdo?A.Seekclosecooperation.B.Avoidhighexpectations.C.Learnbytrialanderror.D.peteagainstothers.7.WhatdoestheauthorthinkofParker?A.Responsibleanddependent.B.Straightandgenerous.C.Intelligentyetconventional.D.Distinguishedyetmodest.【答案】4.C5.B6.C7.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要介紹了日球?qū)游锢韺W(xué)領(lǐng)域的杰出人物EugeneNewmanParker的生平、主要貢獻(xiàn)以及他給年輕研究者的建議等?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Consideredasavisionaryinthefieldofheliophysics,ParkerrevolutionizedourunderstandingofthesunanditseffectsonEarthandotherbodieswithinthesolarsystem.NASAevenstatedthatthefieldofheliophysicsexistsinlargepartbecauseofDrEugeneParker.In2018,Parkerbecamethefirstlivingscientisttowitnessthelaunchofaspacecraftwhichwasnamedinhishonour.(帕克被認(rèn)為是日球?qū)游锢韺W(xué)領(lǐng)域的遠(yuǎn)見者，他徹底改變了我們對(duì)太陽及其對(duì)地球和太陽系內(nèi)其他天體的影響的理解。美國宇航局甚至表示，日球?qū)游锢韺W(xué)領(lǐng)域的存在在很大程度上要?dú)w功于尤金·帕克博士。2018年，帕克成為第一位見證以他的名字命名的航天器發(fā)射的在世科學(xué)家)”可知，帕克在日球?qū)游锢韺W(xué)領(lǐng)域做出了巨大貢獻(xiàn)，NASA也肯定了他的貢獻(xiàn)，所以他理應(yīng)因自己的巨大貢獻(xiàn)而受到贊譽(yù)。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“WhenParker’sresearchwaspublishedin1958,histheorywasinitiallymetwithskepticism(懷疑)bythescientificmunity.Thegeneralviewthenwasthatthespacebetweenplanetswaspletelyemptyofanymatter.(當(dāng)帕克的研究于1958年發(fā)表時(shí)，他的理論最初遭到了科學(xué)界的懷疑。當(dāng)時(shí)的普遍觀點(diǎn)是行星之間的空間完全沒有任何物質(zhì))”可知，人們一開始懷疑帕克最著名的理論是因?yàn)樗`背了當(dāng)時(shí)流行的觀點(diǎn)。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中“ThatexperiencelikelyledtotheadviceParkeroftengaveyoungresearchers:“Ifyoudosomethingneworinnovative,expecttrouble.Butthinkcriticallyaboutitbecauseifyou’rewrong,youwanttobethefirstonetoimprove.”(這段經(jīng)歷可能導(dǎo)致了帕克經(jīng)常給年輕研究者的建議：“如果你做了新的或有創(chuàng)新的事情，就要預(yù)料到會(huì)有麻煩。但要批判性地思考，因?yàn)槿绻沐e(cuò)了，你希望自己是第一個(gè)改進(jìn)的人?！?”可知，帕克建議年輕研究者批判性地思考自己做的新或有創(chuàng)新的事情，也就是通過不斷嘗試和錯(cuò)誤來學(xué)習(xí)。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)全文對(duì)其開創(chuàng)性理論(如太陽風(fēng))和深遠(yuǎn)影響(NASA以其名字命名航天器)的描述和最后一段中“Parkerwaswise,humble,andstraightforward.(帕克是睿智、謙遜和直率的)”可知，帕克在學(xué)術(shù)領(lǐng)域成就卓著、地位崇高，但同時(shí)又具備謙遜質(zhì)樸的品質(zhì)。因此，作者認(rèn)為帕克是杰出而又謙遜的。故選D項(xiàng)。CForyears,we’vebeenteachingaclassonmusicandthemind.Atthestartofeachsemester,weaskedthestudentstopleteasurveyontheirfavoritesongsandartists.Students’favoritesongsandartistsgetlongerandmorevariedeachyearandtheirplaylistsbarelyoverlap(重疊).Indeed,listeningtomusicisadeeplyprivateandpersonalexperiencenowadaysandevenmoresowiththeintroductionoftheiPodandsmartphones.Whenteenagerslistentomusicviastreaming,artificialintelligenceandsocialmediaplatformsteamuptosuggestpersonalizedplaylistsforthem.SomeyoungpeoplefeelthatAIgeneratedplaylistsmakethemexposedtosomethingdull.Theirplaylistsarepopulatedwithsongsandartiststhey’veneverheardofbefore,yettheyallsoundsimilar.Inthepast,theymightnothavenoticedsuchasituation.Theirmusicalconsumptionwasdominatedbythe“Top40”artists.However,AIgeneratedplaylistshavechangedthis,sinceawiderrangeofmusicisavailable.Furthermore,iftheythinktheirAIinfluencedplaylistsareunappealing,theystillhavetheabilitytosearchfornewmusicjustbecauseAIdoesn’tpreventthemresearchinganddiscoveringmusicontheirown.Anythingthatexists,theycanfind.Thestoreisalwaysopen.Asyoungpeopletransition(過渡)fromchildhoodtoadulthoodwithvariousstylesofmusic,twoseeminglyopposingprocessesbeevital—formingauniqueidentitywhilebeingpartofamunity.MusiclisteningandpreferencesplayanimportantroleinitandAIgeneratedplaylistsmayhavethepotentialtochallengethistransition.Fearsofnewtechnologiesaremon.Forexample,thedeclineofschedulednetworkTVerasedlotsofmongroundfordiscussion.Will50millionAmericanseveragainwatchtheseriesendingofaTVshow,astheydidforFriendsin2004?AndwillAImakeiteasiertodifferentiatetheself,buthardertobondwithothers?8.Whatmakesteenagers’musiclisteningexperiencesmoreprivate?A.Thepopularizationofmusiceducation.B.Thelackofinteractionamongteenagers.C.Theeasyaccesstomusicalinstruments.D.Thewidespreaduseofelectronicdevices.9.WhatcanteenagersdowithAIgeneratedplaylists?A.Exploreawiderrangeonline.B.Filltheirplaylistswithsimilarsongs.C.Subscribetothe“Top40”artists.D.StopAItrackingtheironlineactivities.10.WhatchallengemayAIgeneratedplaylistspresent?A.TheyresultinthedeclineofnetworkTV.B.Theypreventteenschoosingpopularsongs.C.Theymakeidentifyingoneselfimpossible.D.Theyprovidelessforteenstomunicate.11.WhydoestheauthormentionFriendsinthelastparagraph?A.ToshowthepotentialsocialinfluenceofAI.B.Totellusthesignificanceofnewtechnology.C.Toexplainpeople’swillingnesstoacceptAI.D.ToemphasizeitspopularityamongAmericans.【答案】8.D9.A10.D11.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是說明文，主要講的是AI生成的播放列表使青少年音樂聆聽更私人化，同時(shí)可能對(duì)其身份形成及社交聯(lián)結(jié)帶來挑戰(zhàn)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Indeed,listeningtomusicisadeeplyprivateandpersonalexperiencenowadaysandevenmoresowiththeintroductionoftheiPodandsmartphones.(的確，如今聆聽音樂已成為一種極為私密且個(gè)人化的體驗(yàn)，隨著iPod和智能手機(jī)的出現(xiàn)，這種體驗(yàn)更是愈發(fā)如此。)”可知，電子設(shè)備的廣泛使用讓青少年音樂聆聽體驗(yàn)更私人，故選D?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“However,AIgeneratedplaylistshavechangedthis,sinceawiderrangeofmusicisavailable.(然而，人工智能生成的播放列表改變了這一狀況，因?yàn)槿缃窨晒┻x擇的音樂范圍更廣了。)”可知，青少年可通過AI生成的播放列表在線探索更廣泛的音樂，故選A?！?0題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段“Forexample,thedeclineofschedulednetworkTVerasedlotsofmongroundfordiscussion.Will50millionAmericanseveragainwatchtheseriesendingofaTVshow,astheydidforFriendsin2004?AndwillAImakeiteasiertodifferentiatetheself,buthardertobondwithothers?(例如，定時(shí)網(wǎng)絡(luò)電視的衰落抹去了許多可供討論的共同話題。還會(huì)有5000萬美國人像2004年觀看《老友記》大結(jié)局那樣，共同觀看某部電視劇的結(jié)局嗎？人工智能會(huì)讓我們更容易彰顯自我個(gè)性，卻更難與他人建立情感紐帶嗎？)”可知，AI生成的播放列表可能減少青少年可交流的內(nèi)容，故選D?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段“Forexample,thedeclineofschedulednetworkTVerasedlotsofmongroundfordiscussion.Will50millionAmericanseveragainwatchtheseriesendingofaTVshow,astheydidforFriendsin2004?AndwillAImakeiteasiertodifferentiatetheself,buthardertobondwithothers?(例如，定時(shí)網(wǎng)絡(luò)電視的衰落抹去了許多可供討論的共同話題。還會(huì)有5000萬美國人像2004年觀看《老友記》大結(jié)局那樣，共同觀看某部電視劇的結(jié)局嗎？人工智能會(huì)讓我們更容易彰顯自我個(gè)性，卻更難與他人建立情感紐帶嗎？)”可知，作者提到《老友記》是為了展示AI潛在的社會(huì)影響，故選A。DAshipthat’sbeenfrozenintotheArcticiceforthelastyearhasfinallyreturnedhome.Afternearly13months,theresearchershavegatheredmoredetailedinformationontheArcticthaneverbefore.Muchofthenewsistroubling.TheGermanshipRVPolarsternisnormallydesignedtobreakapassagethroughice.ButlastSeptember,theshipsetsailfromNorwaywiththegoalofgettingfrozenintotheArcticicecapforayear.Themissionwaspartofa$155millionprojectknownasMOSAiC,whosegoalistolearnmoreabouttheicethatformsneartheNorthPoleandhowit’saffectedbyclimatechange.BylastOctober,theshiphadbeenfrozenintotheArcticicenorthofSiberia.Overthenextyear,morethan300scientistsfrom20differentcountriesspenttimeontheboat,doinglongtermresearchontheice,overtheice,andundertheice.Theboatheldabout100scientistsandotherworkersatatime.Theplanwasformembersoftheteamtobeexchangedregularly.Theprojectleadersknewtherewouldbemanychallengesrelatedtotheextremecold,theice,andevenpolarbears.Buttheteamhadn’tplannedonthecoronavirus,which,foratime,madeitimpossibletoswapoutteammembers.Thatwasonetimetheisolationhelped,though,sincethepeopleonthePolarsterndidn’thavetoworryaboutcatchingthevirus.AttheendofJuly,theteamcollectedalloftheirgearfromtheice,justbeforetheicewasfrozen.InSeptember,theboatlefttheicecap,finallyreturningtoGermanyonMonday.However,thenewsthattheresearchersbringbackisn’tgood.12.What’stheaimtobuildRVPolarstern?ATobreakupice. B.Totransportpassengers.C.TostudyMOSAiC. D.TodoresearchinArctic.13.WhywerethefiguresmentionedinParagraph3?A.Morescientiststookpart. B.Scientistsgotonwellwitheachother.C.Theresearchturnedouttobeplex. D.Internationalcooperationhasbeenadopted.14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“isolation”inParagraph4mean?A.Challenge. B.Separation. C.Relaxation. D.Determination.15.What’sthebesttitleforthetext?A.PolarsternDrewAttentionOnceAgain B.PolarsternReturnsAfteraYearintheArcticC.PolarsternEndsOneyearResearchpletely D.PolarsternGathersMoreDetailedInformation【答案】12.A13.D14.B15.B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章主要講了在北極逗留一年的科考船最終返回德國。文章介紹了這艘船的相關(guān)信息，以及新冠疫情對(duì)它的影響等情況?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Themissionwaspartofa$155millionprojectknownasMOSAiC,whosegoalistolearnmoreabouttheicethatformsneartheNorthPoleandhowit’saffectedbyclimatechange.(這項(xiàng)任務(wù)是一個(gè)名為“MOSAiC”的項(xiàng)目的一部分，該項(xiàng)目耗資1.55億美元，目標(biāo)是更多地了解北極附近形成的冰，以及它是如何受到氣候變化的影響)”可知，建造RVPolarstern的目的是為了破冰。故選A?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“BylastOctober,theshiphadbeenfrozenintotheArcticicenorthofSiberia.Overthenextyear,morethan300scientistsfrom20differentcountriesspenttimeontheboat,doinglongtermresearchontheice,overtheice,andundertheice.Theboatheldabout100scientistsandotherworkersatatime.Theplanwasformembersoftheteamtobeexchangedregularly.(到去年10月，這艘船已經(jīng)被凍結(jié)在西伯利亞北部的北極冰層中。在接下來的一年里，來自20個(gè)不同國家的300多名科學(xué)家花時(shí)間在船上，在冰面上、冰面上方和冰面下進(jìn)行長(zhǎng)期研究。這艘船一次能載大約100名科學(xué)家和其他工作人員。計(jì)劃是定期交換隊(duì)員)”可推知，第三段提到這些數(shù)字是為了說明采用了國際合作的形式。故選D?！?4題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線詞后文“sincethepeopleonthePolarsterndidn’thavetoworryaboutcatchingthevirus.”可知在極地的人們不用擔(dān)心會(huì)感染病毒，說明有一次這種隔離還是有幫助的。故該劃線詞的意思是“隔離”，A.Challenge.挑戰(zhàn)；B.Separation.隔離；C.Relaxation.放松；D.Determination.決心。故選B?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段中“Ashipthat’sbeenfrozenintotheArcticiceforthelastyearhasfinallyreturnedhome.Afternearly13months,theresearchershavegatheredmoredetailedinformationontheArcticthaneverbefore.(一艘去年被凍在北極冰層里的船終于回家了。經(jīng)過近13個(gè)月的研究，研究人員已經(jīng)收集了比以往任何時(shí)候都更詳細(xì)的北極信息)”結(jié)合文章主要講了在北極逗留一年的科考船最終返回德國。文章介紹了這艘船的相關(guān)信息，以及新冠疫情對(duì)它的影響等情況?？芍?，B選項(xiàng)“Polarstern在北極待了一年之后返回”最適合作文章標(biāo)題。故選B。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Areyounewtoexperiencingrelationships?Well,letmegiveyouadviceonhowtohaveahealthyrelationshipwithyourpartner.Beanhonestpersonwiththem.Donothidethingsfromthem,donotlie.Don’tbeafraidtosaythingsthatisn’tveryflatteringaboutyourself.Gettingthemtotrustyouisthemostimportantelementinanyrelationship.Ifthere’snotrust,there’snothingthere.____16____Makesureyougivethemrespect.Nowrespectisn’tjustsimplytreatingherorhimnicely.____17____Youhavetolearntoadjusttotheirliking.Basically,learntostudyyourpartnersmoods,wants,andneeds.Don’tjustthinkaboutyourself,thinkaboutwhatyourpartnerneedsoutofitaswell.Makesureyouareencouragingtoyourpartner.Alwaysbewillingtohelpthemandgivethemhonestyandpositivityatthesametime.Makethemfeelyouaresomeonetheycanreallycountonandbuildafuturewith.____18____Makesureyouhaveagoodsenseofhumorwiththem.Laughteristhekeytohappiness.Laughalotwiththem,jokewiththem.Laughtermayseemsilly,butit’sthesecrettoalotinlife.Itwillkeepthesparksalive.____19____Makesurethemunicationisgood.Thisusuallygoesalongwithtrust,butalwaysmunicatehowyoufeel,evenifit’ssomethingthatupsetsyou.____20____Iftheydidsomethingthatmadeyouunhappy,tellthemaboutitinarespectfulmanner.It’simportanttomunicatethistothem,notkeepitbottledup.A.There’salotmoretoit.B.Showthemyourpersonality.C.Insteadofscreaming,talktothem.D.Laughterkeepstherelationshipstrongandlasting.E.Sopleasebehonestandthey’lllearntoopenuptoyou.F.Don’tstarttoneglectthemandmakethemfeelunwanted.G.Yourpartnerhastobeabletocountonyouwhenneeded.【答案】16.E17.A18.G19.D20.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了如何讓關(guān)系更健康和持久?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)本段主旨句“Beanhonestpersonwiththem.(做一個(gè)對(duì)他們誠實(shí)的人。)”可知，本段主要建議要誠實(shí)。根據(jù)上文“Ifthere’snotrust,there’snothingthere.(如果沒有信任，就什么都沒有)”可知，上文講到?jīng)]有信任，就什么都沒有。由此推知，我們要誠實(shí)。E項(xiàng)“Sopleasebehonestandthey’lllearntoopenuptoyou.(所以請(qǐng)誠實(shí)，他們會(huì)學(xué)會(huì)向你敞開心扉。)”是本段的總結(jié)句，承接上文，符合語境。故選E項(xiàng)。【17題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Nowrespectisn’tjustsimplytreatingherorhimnicely.(現(xiàn)在，尊重不僅僅是善待她或他。)”中的isn’tjustsimply可知，下文應(yīng)說明尊重的其它內(nèi)涵。A項(xiàng)“There’salotmoretoit.(它還有很多。)”承上啟下，符合語境，故選A項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Makethemfeelyouaresomeonetheycanreallycountonandbuildafuturewith.(讓他們覺得你是他們真正可以信賴的人，可以和你一起建設(shè)未來。)”可知，要讓同伴覺得你是值得信賴的。G項(xiàng)“Yourpartnerhastobeabletocountonyouwhenneeded.(你的同伴必須能夠在需要的時(shí)候依靠你)”承接上文，符合語境，故選G項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)本段主旨句“Makesureyouhaveagoodsenseofhumorwiththem.(確保你和他們有很好的幽默感。)”可知，本段主要建議要有幽默感。根據(jù)上文“Laughteristhekeytohappiness.Laughalotwiththem,jokewiththem.Laughtermayseemsilly,butit’sthesecrettoalotinlife.Itwillkeepthesparksalive.(和他們一起開懷大笑，和他們開玩笑。笑可能看起來很傻，但這是生活中很多事情的秘密。它將保持火花的活力。)”可知，上文講到笑的作用?？仗幬挥诙文?，應(yīng)承接上文接續(xù)陳述笑的作用。D項(xiàng)“Laughterkeepstherelationshipstrongandlasting.(笑能使雙方關(guān)系牢固持久。)”符合本段主旨，故選D項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)本段主旨句“Makesurethemunicationisgood.(確保溝通良好。)”可知，本段主要建議要有良好的溝通。C項(xiàng)“Insteadofscreaming,talktothem.(與其尖叫，不如和他們談?wù)劇?”中的talk與上文的munication是同義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)，符合語境，故選C項(xiàng)。第三部分語言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。Onesummermorning,Ifoundsomeplantsleftbytheroad.I____21____

theyweremilkweed,foodforthelarvae(幼蟲)ofthebutterfly.AsI____22____

thewilting(枯萎)plants,Ifoundaneggontheundersideofoneleaf.I____23____

theleaf,tookithomeandplaceditinsideabutterfly____24____.Everyday,Icheckedtheleaf.Onthethirdday,Ifoundatinylarvae.I____25____

itSurvivor.IfedSurvivor____26____

milkweedfrommygarden.Atfirst,theholesSurvivormunched(咀嚼)intheleavesweresmall.Butasmylarvae___27___,theholesbecamebigger.____28____

thefourteenthday,Survivorhadbeeneating____29____

leavesforseveraldays.NowSurvivorstoppedeatingand____30____

thetopofthecage.Itstayedthereforhours.Itseemedtobedoing____31____.ButwhenIlooked____32____,Isawthatitwasspinningasilkpad(吐絲作墊).Whenthelarvaewasdone,it____33____

thesilkpadwithitstwolegsand____34____

upsidedown.ItsbodylookedliketheletterJ.Thenextmorning,somethingamazinghappened.Stillupsidedown,Survivortwistedandturned.Its____35____

split(裂開)nearthelowerend.Undertheoldskinwasanew,greenbody,calledachrysalis(蝶蛹).Twoweekslater,abutterflycameout.IwasgladIhelpedSurvivorsurvive.21.A.heard B.thought C.guessed D.recognized22.A.watered B.approached C.pulled D.left23.A.pickedup B.gaveup C.usedup D.madeup24.A.cage B.box C.case D.hole25.A.titled B.considered C.named D.showed26.A.old B.attractive C.fresh D.wet27.A.declined B.swelled C.withdrew D.grew28.A.On B.Since C.To D.By29.A.green B.entire C.tiny D.new30.A.wanderedover B.staredat C.climbedto D.flewto31.A.nothing B.anything C.something D.everything32.A.anxiously B.closely C.casually D.hopefully33.A.spotted B.discovered C.removed D.grabbed34.A.sat B.slept C.hung D.ate35.A.head B.skin C.face D.nose【答案】21.D22.B23.A24.A25.C26.C27.D28.D29.B30.C31.A32.B33.D34.C35.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者撿到蟲卵并悉心照料，看著幼蟲不斷成長(zhǎng)，經(jīng)歷蛻皮變成蝶蛹，最后變成蝴蝶的故事?！?1題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我認(rèn)出它們是馬利筋，是蝴蝶幼蟲的食物。?A.heard聽見；B.thought認(rèn)為；C.guessed猜測(cè)；D.recognized認(rèn)出。?根據(jù)下文“theyweremilkweed,foodforthelarvae(幼蟲)ofthebutterfly”可知，作者明確知道這種植物的種類和用途，并非猜測(cè)或認(rèn)為，因此是“認(rèn)出”了馬利筋。故選D項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)我走近這些枯萎的植物時(shí)，我在一片葉子的背面發(fā)現(xiàn)了一枚蟲卵。?A.watered澆水；B.approached走近；C.pulled拉；D.left離開。?根據(jù)下文“Ifoundaneggontheundersideofoneleaf”可知，作者需要靠近植物才能發(fā)現(xiàn)葉子背面的蟲卵，因此是“走近”植物。故選B項(xiàng)。【23題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意：我撿起這片葉子，把它帶回家，放進(jìn)了一個(gè)蝴蝶籠里。?A.pickedup撿起；B.gaveup放棄；C.usedup用完；D.madeup編造、組成。?根據(jù)下文“tookithome”可知，作者要把帶有蟲卵的葉子帶回家，首先需要“撿起”這片葉子。故選A項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我撿起這片葉子，把它帶回家，放進(jìn)了一個(gè)蝴蝶籠里。?A.cage籠子；B.box盒子；C.case箱子、案例；D.hole洞。?根據(jù)下文“thetopofthecage”可知，作者用來養(yǎng)幼蟲的器具是“蝴蝶籠”，此處為原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。故選A項(xiàng)。【25題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我給它取名叫“幸存者”。A.titled加標(biāo)題于；B.considered考慮；C.named命名；D.showed展示。根據(jù)下文“itSurvivor”可知，這是作者給幼蟲起的名字，“namesb/sth+名稱”為固定搭配，意為“給……取名”。故選C項(xiàng)?！?6題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我用自家花園里新鮮的馬利筋喂“幸存者”。?A.old舊的；B.attractive有吸引力的；C.fresh新鮮的；D.wet濕的。?根據(jù)下文“frommygarden”及幼蟲正常生長(zhǎng)的語境可知，作者用的是“新鮮的”馬利筋來喂養(yǎng)幼蟲，新鮮的食物更利于幼蟲存活。故選C項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：但隨著我的幼蟲長(zhǎng)大，葉子上的洞變得越來越大。?A.declined下降；B.swelled腫脹；C.withdrew撤回；D.grew長(zhǎng)大。根據(jù)上文“Atfirst,theholesSurvivormunched(咀嚼)intheleavesweresmall”及下文“theholesbecamebigger”可知，幼蟲食量變大是因?yàn)樯眢w“長(zhǎng)大”了。故選D項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】考查介詞詞義辨析。句意：到第十四天的時(shí)候，“幸存者”已經(jīng)連著好幾天吃掉整片葉子了。?A.On在（具體某一天）；B.Since自從；C.To到；D.By到……為止。?根據(jù)上文“thefourteenthday,Survivorhadbeeneating”可知，句子用的是過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，“by+時(shí)間點(diǎn)”常與完成時(shí)態(tài)連用，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作持續(xù)到該時(shí)間點(diǎn)。故選D項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：到第十四天的時(shí)候，“幸存者”已經(jīng)連著好幾天吃掉整片葉子了。?A.green綠色的；B.entire整片的、完整的；C.tiny微小的；D.new新的。根據(jù)上文“theholesbecamebigger”可知，幼蟲長(zhǎng)大，吃的葉子也變成了整片。故選B項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意：現(xiàn)在“幸存者”停止進(jìn)食，爬到了籠子的頂端。?A.wanderedover漫步到；B.staredat盯著；C.climbedto爬到；D.flewto飛到。?根據(jù)下文“thetopofthecage”及幼蟲的活動(dòng)能力可知，幼蟲此時(shí)還不會(huì)飛，只能“爬到”籠子頂端。故選C項(xiàng)?！?1題詳解】考查不定代詞辨析。句意：它看起來好像什么也沒做。?A.nothing沒有什么；B.anything任何事物；C.something某事；D.everything一切。?根據(jù)下文“ButwhenIlooked__12__,Isawthatitwasspinningasilkpad”可知，作者一開始沒看出幼蟲在做什么，以為它“什么也沒做”。故選A項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：但當(dāng)我湊近看時(shí)，我發(fā)現(xiàn)它正在織一個(gè)絲墊。?A.anxiously焦慮地；B.closely湊近地、仔細(xì)地；C.casually隨意地；D.hopefully有希望地。?根據(jù)下文“Isawthatitwasspinningasilkpad(織網(wǎng))”可知，作者需要“湊近看”才能發(fā)現(xiàn)幼蟲在織絲墊這個(gè)細(xì)微動(dòng)作。故選B項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：幼蟲織完絲墊后，用兩條腿抓住絲墊，倒掛了起來。?A.spotted發(fā)現(xiàn)；B.discovered發(fā)覺；C.removed移除；D.grabbed抓住。?根據(jù)下文“thesilkpadwithitstwolegs”及“upsidedown”可知，幼蟲需要“抓住”絲墊才能實(shí)現(xiàn)倒掛。故選D項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：幼蟲織完絲墊后，用兩條腿抓住絲墊，倒掛了起來。?A.sat坐；B.slept睡；C.hung懸掛；D.ate吃。?根據(jù)下文“upsidedown.ItsbodylookedliketheletterJ”可知，幼蟲此時(shí)的狀態(tài)是“倒掛”著，“hangupsidedown”意為“倒掛”。故選C項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：它的皮膚在下端附近裂開了。?A.head頭；B.skin皮膚；C.face臉；D.nose鼻子。?根據(jù)下文“Undertheoldskinwasanew,greenbody,calledachrysalis(蝶蛹).”可知，裂開的是幼蟲的“舊皮膚”，里面是蝶蛹。故選B項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Windowsand____36____

(roof)ofbuildingsaren’ttheonlysurfaces____37____

canbeusedtoproducesolarpower.InChina,constructionhasbegunofthecountry’sfirstsolarhighway,inwhichsolarpanels(板)areplacedunderneathtransparentconcrete.Thesolarhighwayisa2kmstretchofroad____38____

(lie)ontheJinanCityExp