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ObjectiveUponthecompletionofthisproject,studentswill:■Beabletowritelettersnegotiatingabouttradingtermswithothercompanies.■Knowtheeffectofcounteroffers.■Beabletomakeconcessionsandattackspolitelyandreasonablywhenwritingcounteroffers.返回LeadingIn1.NegotiatingStrategies—OffensiveandDefensiveWhentheydealwithnegotiations,businessschoolsemphasizethequalityoftherelationshipbetweenthetwoparties.Thenegotiationismainlydescribedasaconversationbetweenpolitepersons.Thetwopartiesexploretheircommoninterestsandtrytoreach

thewinwinoption.Negotiatingtechniquesmaybedividedintotwoclasses:offensive

anddefensive.Offensivetacticsaredesignedtotaketheinitiative.下一頁返回LeadingInDefensivetacticsarethecountertooffensivetactics,andtheyarethespringboardsfromwhichacounter-of-fensivecanbelaunched.Negotiatorscannotrelyondefensivetacticsonly,becausenodefenseiseverperfect.Aweakpointwillbefounduponwhichtheopponentcanconcentratehisattack.上一頁下一頁返回LeadingIn2.StructureofaCounter-offer(1)Thankthesellerforhisoffer;mentionbrieflythecontentoftheoffer.(2)Expressregretatinabilitytoaccept(givethereasonsfornon-acceptance).(3)Makeacounter-offerif,underthecircumstances,itisappropriate.(4)Hopethecounter-offerwillbeacceptedandtheremaybeanopportunitytodobusinesstogether.上一頁返回SpecimenLetters1.LetterOneDearSirs,Thisistoacknowledgewiththanksyourletterofthe3thult.Inreply,weregrettosaythatwearedisappointedatlearningthatyouareunabletoacceptourofferbecauseothersuppliersarequotinglowerprices.Wewishtopointoutthatasourpricesarecloselycalculatedandareinlinewiththeworldmarketprices,wefinditimpossibleforustoacceptyourbid.下一頁返回SpecimenLettersWehavetodrawyourattentiontothefactthatwehavealreadyconcludedconsiderablebusinesswithothercustomersinyourdistrictatthepricesquotedandperhapsyouareawareofit.Asregardsyourdemandsfor5%commissionandpaymentbyD/Patsight,pleasenotethatwearedoingbusinesswithotherbuyersonthebasisof3%commissionandL/Cintheusualpracticewithallourcustomersinyourcountry.上一頁下一頁返回SpecimenLettersTherefore,wecannotmakeanexceptionofyourcase.Howeverwithaviewtosettingthewholethinggoingandhasteningtheconclusionofthisinitialtransaction,wearepreparedtogiveyou2%discountonthepricequotedprovidedyouplaceanorderfornotlessthan360dozenthistime.Wetrustthatyouwillfindthisspecialconcessionamotiveforcewhichwillenableyoutopersuadeyourclientstoacceptourofferandmakeiteasierforyoutopromotethesaleofourgoodsinyourdistrict.上一頁下一頁返回SpecimenLettersWehopeyouwillreconsiderourquotationsandletushaveyouracceptancebeforelong.Bestregards…2.LetterTwo10August,2000ShantouImport&ExportCorp.DearSirs/Madams,WehaveacknowledgementofyourletterofAugust2,offeringus2,000dozen/setsofNo.208ladies’pajamasat£26.00perdozen/sets.上一頁下一頁返回SpecimenLettersWeregrettoinformyouthattheclientinOdensehasfoundyourpricemuchtoohigh.Informationindicatesthatsimilararticleshavebeensoldthereatapproximately£20.00perdozen/sets.Wedonotdenythatyourpajamasareslightlybetterintailoring,butthepricedifferenceshouldinnocasebeasbigas£6.00perdozen/set.Tostepupthetrade,we,onbehalfofourclient,counterofferthefollowing,subjecttoyourreplyhereon

August18,2000∶2,000dozen/setsofNo上一頁下一頁返回SpecimenLetters208ladies’pajamasat£23.00perdozen/setsCIF2%Odensebycargo-shipwithtransshipmentatCopenhagen,othertermsasyourletterdatedAugust2,2000.Asthemarketisdeclining,werecommendyouracceptance.Bestregards,TheTropic(Denmark)BusinessCo.,Ltd.MichaelWilsonManagingDirect上一頁下一頁返回SpecimenLetters3.LetterThree10August,2000ExportManagerAusricePtyBrisbane,AustraliaDearMrs.Carey,Weareinreceiptofyourletterof31Julyofferingus100metrictonsofpolishedriceatAUS$1,200permetrictonontheusualterms上一頁下一頁返回SpecimenLettersWeregrettoinformyouthatourbuyersfindyourpricemuchtoohigh.WeareinformedthatsomelotsofAmericanoriginhavebeensoldhereatalevelabout30%lower

thanyours.WedonotdenythatthequalityofAustralianriceisslightlybetter,butthedifferenceinpriceshould,innocase,beaslargeas10%.上一頁下一頁返回SpecimenLettersTofacilitatethetransaction,wecounterofferasfollows,subjecttoyourreplybeingreceivedby/before30September,2000:100metrictonsofpolishedrice,2,000crop,atAUS$1,050permetrictonCIFSingapore,othertermsasperyourletterof31JulyAsthemarketpriceisfalling,werecommendyourimmediateacceptanceBestregards,EdwardYenManager上一頁下一頁返回SpecimenLetters4.LetterFourKrpprlRiceLtd.112BukitTimahRoadSingaporeDearSir,Thankyouforyourletterdated10August,2000.WeverymuchregretthatweareunabletoentertainyourcounterofferofAU$1,050permetrictonofpolishedriceCIFSingapore.Wemustpointoutthatyourbidisoutoflinewiththecurrentmarketprice.上一頁下一頁返回SpecimenLettersOthercompaniesinyourregionarebuyingfreelyatourquotedpriceForyourinformation,themarketisfirmandtendingupward.Thereisverylittlelikelihoodofanysignificantchangeintheforeseeablefuture.Inviewoftheabove,wesuggestthatitisinyourinteresttoacceptourpriceofAU$1,200permetrictonwithoutdelay.Bestregards,S.CareyExportManager上一頁返回TermstoLearn(1)thecaptionedgoods(2)onusualterms(3)inreply(4)regret(5)findyourpricetoohigh(6)beoutoflinewith(7)suchbeingthecase(8)bepreparedtodo(9)cometoterms(10)itisinviewof(11)declining(12)atyourearliestconvenience(13)tobeonthehighside(14)cooperationindoing下一頁返回TermstoLearn(15)tocuttheprice(16)totheextent(17)acrowdoforders(18)closebusiness(19)atsomethingnearourlevel(20)befirmwithanupwardtendency(21)lapse(22)todobusinessonyourprice(23)thedifferenceinprice(24)innocase(25)stepupthetrade(26)makeacounter-offer上一頁下一頁返回TermstoLearn(27)bedisappointedat(28)thebestwecando(29)comparablewith(30)directone’sattentionto(31)takeintoconsideration(32)keepyourinquirybeforeus(33)thesame(34)undertake(35)revertto(36)feelfreetodo(37)feelitregrettablethat/muchtoourregretthat(38)owingtoshortageofstocks/owing

toheavycommitment(39)onaccountof上一頁返回UsefulSentences1.還盤(Counter-offers)句型1:tomakeacounter-offer還盤Ifyoucannotacceptit,pleasemakeabestpossiblecounteroffer.如不能接受,請(qǐng)盡力給一個(gè)最好的還盤。Yourofferisunworkable,assomeparcelsofJapanesemakeshavebeensoldhere

atamuchlowerprice.However,inviewofourlong-standingbusinessrelationshipwe

makeyousuchacounter-offer.你方報(bào)盤無法接受,因?yàn)檫@里有幾批日本貨以低得多的價(jià)格出售,但是,鑒于我們之間的長期貿(mào)易關(guān)系,特向你方做此還盤。下一頁返回UsefulSentences句型2:tocounter-offer還盤Yourpriceisonthehighsideandwehavetocounter-offerasfollows,subjecttoyourreplyreceivedbyusonorbefore8April.你方價(jià)格偏高,我們不得不做如下還盤,以我方在4月8日或以前收到你方答復(fù)為有效。句型3:outoflinewiththemarket與市場不一致(inlinewiththemarket與市場一致)Thepriceyoucounter-offerisoutoflinewiththemarket,soitisbeyondwhatis

acceptabletous.上一頁下一頁返回UsefulSentences你方還價(jià)與市場不一致,故我方無法接受。句型4:toentertainbusinessat…price考慮按……價(jià)格成交Wecannotentertainbusinessatyourprice,sinceitisoutoflinewiththeprevailingmarket,being20%lowerthantheaverage.我們不能考慮按你方價(jià)格成交,因?yàn)槟惴絻r(jià)格與現(xiàn)時(shí)市場不一致,要比一般價(jià)格低20%。上一頁下一頁返回UsefulSentences2.商品比較(ComparisonofGoods)句型1:tobe+形容詞比較級(jí)+than比……要……ThequalityofArt.No.401isbetterthanthatofArt.No.301.第401貨號(hào)商品的質(zhì)量要比第301貨號(hào)商品好。Thepriceofourproductis15%lowerthanthatofsimilarproductofIndianorigin.我們產(chǎn)品的價(jià)格要比印度產(chǎn)的同類產(chǎn)品價(jià)格低15%。句型2:tocomparefavorablywith……比……要好上一頁下一頁返回UsefulSentencesOurproductscomparefavorablywiththoseofothersuppliers.我們的產(chǎn)品比其他供應(yīng)商的產(chǎn)品要好。ThequalityandpricesofourproductscomparefavorablywiththoseofJapanesemakes.我們產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量比日本貨要好,價(jià)格也便宜。上一頁下一頁返回UsefulSentences句型3:acomparisonwillconvincesb.ofsth.比較會(huì)使某人相信……Wefeelsurethatafaircomparisoninqualitybetweenourelectricfansandthoseofothersupplierswillconvinceyouofthereasonablenessofourquotation.我們確信公正地比較我們的電風(fēng)扇和其他供應(yīng)商的電風(fēng)扇的質(zhì)量會(huì)使你相信我們的報(bào)價(jià)是適當(dāng)?shù)摹I弦豁撓乱豁摲祷兀眨螅澹妫酰欤樱澹睿簦澹睿悖澹螅常o予優(yōu)惠條件(OfferingFavorableTerms)句型1:togivesb.thefirstchance給予優(yōu)先Wearegivingyouthefirstchanceinviewofyourprevioussubstantialorders,but

weshouldappreciateapromptreplysothatwecanwithdrawtheofferintheeventof

yournotbeinginterested.由于你方以前大量訂貨,特給予優(yōu)先機(jī)會(huì),但望貴方盡速答復(fù)。如無興趣,我方可撤盤。上一頁下一頁返回UsefulSentences句型2:togive(allow,offer,grant)sb.adiscount給某人折扣Wegiveyouthisspecialdiscountfortheorderwiththeviewofdevelopingthebusinessrelationsbetweenus.我們給你方訂單特別折扣,期望發(fā)展我們之間的貿(mào)易關(guān)系。Wearepreparedtoallowyoua10%quantitydiscountifyourorderexceeds200cartons.如果你方訂單超過200箱,則擬予以10%的數(shù)量折扣。上一頁下一頁返回UsefulSentences4.勸告和推薦(AdvicesandRecommendations)句型1:torecommendsb.todosth.建議某人做某事Asthisproductisnowingreatdemandandthesupplyisratherlimited,wewould

recommendyoutoacceptthisofferassoonaspossible.由于此產(chǎn)品需求甚殷,供應(yīng)有限,我們建議你方盡速接受此報(bào)盤。句型2:toone’sadvantagetodosth.做……事是有利的上一頁下一頁返回UsefulSentencesWedeemittoyouradvantagetoavailyourselvesofyouroffer.我們認(rèn)為你方接受我方報(bào)盤是有利的。Itistoourmutualadvantagetomeeteachotherhalfway.彼此各讓一半對(duì)雙方都有好處。句型3:tobeacceptabletosb.可以為某人所接受Wetrustthattheabovetermsareacceptabletoyouandawaityourfinalorderwith

keeninterest.我們相信上述條款可為你方接受,并企盼你方的訂單。上一頁下一頁返回UsefulSentences句型4:advisesb.toworkfast勸某人迅速?zèng)Q定Inviewofthehugedemandofthisarticle,wewouldadviseyoutoworkfastand

placeanorderwithusassoonaspossible.鑒于對(duì)此商品的巨大需求,請(qǐng)從速?zèng)Q定,盡快給我方訂單。句型5:tobewithoutanorder沒有訂單Wearesorrytonotethatwehavebeenwithoutanorderfromyouforoverhalfa

yearandlookforwardtothepleasureofrepeatorderfromyou.我們很遺憾地注意到,我們已有半年多未收到你方訂單,希望能很快收到續(xù)訂單。上一頁下一頁返回UsefulSentences句型6:tobenotavailable無貨Sincethearticleyourequireisnotavailableforsupplyatpresent,weshouldliketo

recommendsomesimilaronesasfollows.由于你方所需要的商品目前無貨供應(yīng),我們特推薦如下類似商品。5.形容市場(DescribingtheMarket)Theworldmarketforgroundnutshasadvancedconsiderably.花生的行市有很大的上漲。Theinternationalmarketforsoybeansisstilldropping.大豆的行市仍在下跌。上一頁下一頁返回UsefulSentencesYourpriceisoutoflinewiththeprevailinginternationalmarket.你方價(jià)格與現(xiàn)行世界市場行情不一致。Ourpriceisinlinewiththecurrentmarketprices.我們的價(jià)格與現(xiàn)行市場價(jià)格相一致。6.形容價(jià)格(DescribingthePrice)Yourpriceisratheronthehigh/lowside.你方價(jià)格偏高(低)。Yourpriceistoohigh/low.你方價(jià)格太高(低)。上一頁下一頁返回UsefulSentencesThepriceisrising/advancing/goingup.價(jià)格正在上漲。Thepriceisfalling/dropping/goingdown.價(jià)格正在下跌。Therehasbeenajump/slumpinsugarpricerecently.最近,糖的價(jià)格暴漲(暴跌)。Thepricewequotedisreasonable/favorable/competitive.我們報(bào)的價(jià)格很合理/優(yōu)惠/具有競爭性。上一頁下一頁返回UsefulSentencesThisisreallyourrockbottomprice(lowestprice).這已是我們的最低價(jià)。Ourproductismoderatelypriced.我們的價(jià)格很合理。7.關(guān)于降價(jià)(AboutPriceCutting)Thebestwecandois5%off.(5%offisthebestwecando.)我們最多只能降價(jià)5%。I’mafraidthereisnotmuchroomforfurtherreduction.(Wecan’tloweritanymore.)恐怕沒有多大的降價(jià)的可能。上一頁下一頁返回UsefulSentencesInordertoconcludethetransaction,wearepreparedtoreducethepriceto30pounds.為了達(dá)成交易,我們準(zhǔn)備降至30鎊。Inviewofourlong-standingrelations,wedecidetoreducetheprice.鑒于我們長期的業(yè)務(wù)關(guān)系,我們決定降價(jià)。Thecostofrawmaterialshasincreasedconsiderably,sowearenotinapositionto

makeanyreduction.原材料成本大幅增長,所以我們不能降價(jià)。上一頁下一頁返回UsefulSentencesThisisourrockbottomprice.Wewouldn’tmakeanyfurtherconcessions這已是我們的最低價(jià)。我們不能再讓步了。Wewouldn’tmakeanyprofitsatthepriceyouoffered.以你方所報(bào)的價(jià)格,我們將無利可圖。Let’smeeteachotherhalfwayandreducethepriceby2%.讓我們各讓一步,將價(jià)格降低2%。上一頁返回ExercisesⅠ.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish:1.你方還盤與現(xiàn)行市場價(jià)不符。2.很遺憾,我們的價(jià)格與你方還盤之間的差距太大。3.很遺憾我們不能把價(jià)格降到你方所表示的水平。4.由于原材料短缺,制造商不能接受任何新的訂單。5.由于大量承約,我們不能接受新訂單,但是一旦新貨源到來,我們將隨即去電與你方聯(lián)系不誤。6.目前我們暫不能給你們報(bào)盤,但將記住你方的詢價(jià)。7.報(bào)給你方的價(jià)格是很實(shí)際的。很抱歉不能接受你方的還盤。8.我們的報(bào)價(jià)相當(dāng)合理,(這)已為你地其他客戶所接受。9.你方必須降價(jià)2%左右,否則沒有成交的可能。10.請(qǐng)隨時(shí)告知你處市場的供貨情況。下一頁返回Exercises1.Asthemarketis_____,you

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