1、Section IV：Grammar【高效學(xué)習(xí)指導(dǎo)案】A級(jí)目標(biāo)：動(dòng)名詞作主語和賓語的基本用法。B級(jí)目標(biāo)：對(duì)比動(dòng)名詞與不定式作主語和賓語時(shí)的不同。C級(jí)目標(biāo)：動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。自我確定目標(biāo)： （級(jí)別） 理 由 學(xué)習(xí)方式 【難點(diǎn)問題預(yù)設(shè)】：1教學(xué)難點(diǎn)：動(dòng)名詞與不定式作主語和賓語時(shí)的不同以及動(dòng)名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。2.自己認(rèn)為本課學(xué)習(xí)難點(diǎn)： 3.學(xué)習(xí)難點(diǎn)何在： 【高效預(yù)習(xí)探究案】預(yù)習(xí)思考題觀察以下句子，注意劃線部分的結(jié)構(gòu)及其在句中所充當(dāng)?shù)某煞帧＠篠eeing is believing. 眼見為實(shí)。（動(dòng)名詞seeing作主語）1) It is no good arguing with her. 跟她爭論是沒有

2、好處的。2) I cant stand being treated like that. 我受不了被那樣對(duì)待。3) He insisted on carrying out the plan.他堅(jiān)持實(shí)施這個(gè)計(jì)劃。4) Mary s being late again made her teacher angry. 瑪麗再次到使老師很生氣。 5) Would you mind my / me opening the window? 你介意我打開窗戶嗎？我的發(fā)現(xiàn)：V-ing 形式在句1）中作_,在句2）和句3）中作_，句4）、句5）中的V-ing 形式為_的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，其形式為_，在句中可充當(dāng)_?！局仉y

3、點(diǎn)合作探究】語法突破動(dòng)詞-ing形式包括： 動(dòng)名詞和現(xiàn)在分詞兩種形式。1）動(dòng)名詞具有名詞的句法作用，即在句中可用作主語、賓語、表語、同位語、補(bǔ)語或定語等。如： Speaking without thinking is shooting without aiming. 不考慮就講話，等于是射箭沒有對(duì)準(zhǔn)靶。（Speaking主語，thinking和 aiming介詞賓語，shooting表語） He loves his job, teaching. (teaching同位語) I have to improve my working method. (working定語)2）現(xiàn)在分詞具有形容詞和副

4、詞句法作用，即常在句中作定語、狀語。如：Do you know the girl standing there? 你認(rèn)識(shí)站在那兒的那個(gè)女孩嗎？ Not being invited to the party, she felt a little upset. 沒被邀去參加晚會(huì)，她感到有點(diǎn)兒難過。動(dòng)名詞的句法功能 動(dòng)名詞做主語（） 動(dòng)名詞做主語通常有兩種位置：一種是直接位于句首；另一種是用形式主語it代替，而將真正的主語動(dòng)名詞移到句尾。如： Doing nothing means death. 無所事事意味著死亡。 It is no use crying over spilt milk.牛奶灑了哭

5、也沒用/覆水難收。（） 動(dòng)名詞做主語通常表示一種抽象的動(dòng)作概念，即泛指某種行為或動(dòng)作；不定式做主語通常表示具體動(dòng)作或具體意義。 Talking mends no holes. 空談?dòng)谑聼o補(bǔ)。 To be invited to the party is a great honour for me.能被邀請(qǐng)參加這個(gè)聚會(huì)我很榮幸。 動(dòng)名詞做賓語(1)有些動(dòng)詞后通常只接動(dòng)名詞作賓語，常見的有：finish, enjoy, mind, miss, keep, avoid, imagine, practise, suggest, risk, consider, appreciate, admit, den

6、y, escape, stand等。 He finished reading the novel last week. 他上星期把這本小說讀完了。 Would you mind opening the door? 你介意打開門嗎？ I tried to avoid making the same mistake. 我盡力避免犯同樣的錯(cuò)誤。（2）英語中有一些動(dòng)詞短語也常跟v.-ing 形式作賓語。常用的動(dòng)詞短語有：insist on, object to, be good at, lead to, leave off, put off, give up, look forward to, fee

7、l like, devote to, get used to, pay attention to , be worth 等。如： Have you thought of spending your holiday with us? 你考慮過和我們一起度假嗎？ Im looking forward to hearing from you. 我盼望收到你的來信。 He has got used to living in the countryside. 他已經(jīng)習(xí)慣住在鄉(xiāng)下。（3） 常用v.-ing形式的幾個(gè)句型：It is no use (good / fun / a pleasure / a w

8、aste of time) + v.-ingThere is no point (in) + v.-ingbe (well) worth + v.-inghave difficulty / trouble / fun / problems ( in ) + v.-ing eg. There is no point objecting. 反對(duì)也沒有用。 It is a waste of time trying to explain. 設(shè)法解釋是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。(4)有些動(dòng)詞后面既可以跟動(dòng)名詞，也可以跟不定式作賓語，但意義不同。 forget doing sth. 忘記做過某事 remember doi

9、ng sth.記得做過某事 forget to do sth., 忘記去做某事 remember to do sth. 記得去做某事 stop doing sth. 停止做某事 mean doing sth. 意味著 stop to do sth. 停下來去做某事 mean to do sth. 打算做 regret doing sth. 后悔做過某事 try doing sth. 試著做某事 regret to do sth. 遺憾地做某事 try to do sth. 努力（企圖）做某事 (5)在表示“需要”的動(dòng)詞如need, demand, want, require等后接動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形

10、式表被動(dòng)意義，也可用不定式的被動(dòng)形式來表示。如： These shoes need repairing/to be repaired. 這些鞋需要修補(bǔ)。The sick boy required taking good care of/to be taken good care of. 這位生病的男孩需要很好的照顧。動(dòng)名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)其形式為：邏輯主語+動(dòng)名詞（較正式用法：邏輯主語用名詞所有格或形容詞性物主代詞；非正式用法：邏輯主語用名詞普通格或代詞賓格）。此結(jié)構(gòu)多在句中作主語、賓語、表語等。（1）I like his/Toms singing. （= I like him/Tom singing

11、.） 我喜歡他/湯姆唱歌。（2）My forgetting his name was embarrassing.我忘了他的名字，使我非常尷尬。（3） I cant bear him/his staying up so late. 我不能忍受他這么晚睡。熟能生巧（Practice makes perfect.） I. 用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1. There is no point _(tell) what will happen. 2. Its no use _(argue) with Tom because he will never change his mind. 3. I think

12、 Ill have to give up _(play) football because of the coming exam. 4. They are considering_(go) to Hainan for the summer holiday. 5. The cat ran away to avoid_(catch). 6. We all regretted _(dismiss) him after we knew the truth. 7. The car is dirty and wants_(clean). 8. The girl practises_(play) the p

13、iano for 2 hours per day. II. 完成句子 1. 這本書很值得一讀。The book is .(worth)2. 他一再犯同樣的錯(cuò)誤使得父母很失望。 again and again made his parents very disappointed.(make)3. 拒絕再次嘗試就等于是拒絕成功。Giving up another try means .(give)4. 學(xué)了不用是不行的。It is no good (learn)5. 在有些場合不知說什么也許是因?yàn)闆]有什么可說的。at certain occasions may be because there i

14、snt anything to say.(know) 6. 聽到這個(gè)消息，他高興地跳了起來。Hearing the news, he with joy.(help)7. 在那個(gè)餐館，我很難從菜單上找到合適的食物。I had great difficulty on the menu in that restaurant.(find)8. 如今，保持健康飲食很重要。Nowadays is of great importance.(keep)9. 對(duì)我們大多數(shù)人來說，被北京大學(xué)錄取是很大的榮耀。To most of us, is a great honour.(admit) 10. 他談過有危險(xiǎn)。He spoke of .(be)11. 她大半輩子的時(shí)間都用來照顧別人了。Most of her life for others.(spend)12. 我確實(shí)很享受與你的家人共進(jìn)晚餐的快樂。I did enjoy with your family. (have)13. 在熱水中加一茶匙辣椒據(jù)說能改善血液循環(huán)、讓身體暖和起來。A teaspoon of cayenne pepper is said and add warmth to the body.(improve) 14. 我們不