1、人教版英語(yǔ)八年級(jí)下冊(cè)第一單元知識(shí)點(diǎn)unit1whatsthematter?【單詞】 matter /mt/n.問(wèn)題;事情 whats the matter（with sb.）?怎么啦？出什么事情了？詢問(wèn)有什么病或遇到什么麻煩、問(wèn)題 sore/s:/adj.疼痛的,酸痛的；惱怒的 -have a sore back 后背痛 -sore throat咽喉痛 n. 潰瘍，痛處；恨事 pressure sore褥瘡， sore spot 傷疤，痛處；傷心事，舊瘡疤 stomachachestmkek n.胃痛;腹痛 stomach/stmk/n.胃;腹部 foot/ft/n.腳;足 pl. feet

2、- on foot步行；在進(jìn)行中 - at the foot of在（山）腳下；在的下部 neck/nek/n.頸;脖子-necklace項(xiàng)鏈 - necktie領(lǐng)帶 -neck and neck(with sb.) (與)并駕齊驅(qū)，不分上下 throat/rt/n.咽喉;喉嚨 fever/fi:v/n.發(fā)燒 haveafever發(fā)燒 lie/la/-vi.躺, 平躺；位于，存在 liedown躺下-vi.說(shuō)謊，作為不及物動(dòng)詞的變化：p.pr - lying，pt- lied，pplied-vt. 下蛋；放置 e.g., the hen stopped laying eggs. she lai

3、d the baby down gently on the bed.作為及物動(dòng)詞是的變化：p.pr - laying，pt- lay，pplain restv.&n.放松;休息 coughn.&v.咳嗽 x-rayn.x射線;x光 toothache /tu:ek/n.牙痛 temperature溫度，體溫 takeonestemperature量體溫 headache /hedek/n.頭痛 break/brek/n.間歇;休息 takebreaks(takeabreak)休息vi. vt. pt- broke，ppbroken -break away (from) 脫離，放棄（習(xí)慣），打破

4、（陳套）-break down (機(jī)器等)壞了；(計(jì)劃等)失敗； (健康等)變壞；感情失去控制-break in 插嘴，使馴服-break into 破門而入，突然。起來(lái)-break off 折斷，突然停止講話，解除（婚約）-break out（戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，火災(zāi)，疾?。┩蝗话l(fā)生，爆發(fā) hurt/h:t/v.（使）疼痛;（使）受傷 p.pr - hurting，pt- hurt，pphurt passenger /psnd/n.乘客;旅客 offadv.&prep.離開(kāi)（某處）;不工作;從.去掉 getoff下車 onto/nt/prep.向;朝 enoughnf adj. adv. 足夠的/地，充足

5、的/地 - 用作adj.，修飾名詞，可前可后 enoughwater - 用作adv.，修飾形容詞或副詞，要后置 oldenough - enough + for sb./sth+ to do sth. 足夠，能做 trouble/trbl/n.問(wèn)題;苦惱 pl. troubles-in trouble 在監(jiān)禁中；處于不幸中；處困難中-get into trouble 使自己或他人陷入困擾之境-have trouble(with / doing sth. ) 在.有困難 hit/ht/v.(hit)（用手或器具）擊;打 p.pr - hitting，pt- hit，pphit herself

6、/h:self/pron.(she的反身代詞)她自己 ourselves /aselvz/pron.(we的反身代詞)我們自己 bandage /bndd/n.繃帶 v.用繃帶包扎 sick/sk/adj.生病的;有病的 knee/ni:/n.膝;膝蓋 nosebleed/nozbli:d/n.鼻出血 bleed blidvt. 使出血；榨取 vi. 流血；滲出；悲痛p.pr - bleeding，pt- bled bld，ppbled bled adj. 流血的； breathe/bri:/v.呼吸 p.pr - breathing，pt- breathed，ppbreathed breat

7、h br n. 呼吸，氣息-deep breath深呼吸-take a deep breath深呼吸-out of breath喘不過(guò)氣來(lái)，上氣不接下氣 sunburnedadj.曬傷的 climberklam n.登山者;攀登者 riskn.&v.危險(xiǎn);風(fēng)險(xiǎn);冒險(xiǎn) -takerisks(takearisk)冒險(xiǎn) accident /ksdnt/n.（交通）事故;意外遭遇- traffic accident交通事故 - car accident車禍；交通事故- by accident偶然；意外地 situation/stjen/n.情況;狀況 kilo(=kilogram)n.千克;公斤 kg

8、千克km=kilometer千米 rock/rk/n.巖石 knife/naf/n.刀 pl. knives blood/bld/n.血 mean/mi:n/v.(meant)意思是;打算;意欲 p.pr - meaning，pt- meant，ppmeant importance/mp:tns/n.重要性;重要 decision/dsn/n.決定;抉擇 controlv.限制;約束;管理;控制 beincontrolof掌管;管理p.pr - controlling，pt- controlled，pp- controlled advice dvas 不可數(shù)名詞. - givesb.advic

9、eonsth.就某事給某人建議；- take sbs advice 接受某人的建議advise dvaz v. -advisesb.todosth.建議某人做某事,此動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。-advisedoingsth 建議做某事相似用法的動(dòng)詞：allow(允許)，permit(允許)，forbid(禁止)等 allow doing sth允許做某事，allow sb to do sth允許某人做某事； permit doing sth允許做某事，permit sb to do sth允許某人做某事； forbid doing sth禁止做某事，forbid sb to do sth禁止某人

10、做某事。eg.we dont allow smoking in the lab.我們不準(zhǔn)在實(shí)驗(yàn)室吸煙。we dont allow people to smoke in the lab.我們不準(zhǔn)人們?cè)趯?shí)驗(yàn)室吸煙。people are not allowed to smoke in the lab.人們不準(zhǔn)在實(shí)驗(yàn)室吸煙。 spirit /sprt/n.勇氣;意志;精神;酒精 death/de/n.死;死亡 nurse/n:s/n.護(hù)士 judy/du:d/朱迪（女名） nancy/nns/南希（女名） mandy/mnde/曼迪（女名） aron/ern/阿倫羅爾斯頓 utah/ju:t:/猶他州

11、（美國(guó)）【動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)】 have a sore back 后背痛 have a stomachache 胃痛、肚子痛have a very sore throat 喉嚨非常痛 have a fever 發(fā)高燒 feelveryhot 感到很熱 have / catchacold 受涼;感冒 haveacough 咳嗽 haveatoothache 牙疼 talktoomuch 說(shuō)得太多 drinkenoughwater 喝足夠的水 cut myself 劃傷自己 hurt oneself 傷著自己 have a nosebleed 流鼻血 have a rest/take breaks/take

12、 a break 休息一下 a sick man 一個(gè)生病的人feelsick 感到惡心 have a heart problem有心臟病 on the side of the road 在馬路邊, 在公路的一側(cè) goalong 沿著走 becauseof 由于 getoutof 離開(kāi); 從出來(lái) mountainclimbing登山運(yùn)動(dòng) inadifficultsituation在困境中 savealife, saveoneslife挽救生命 shout for help 大聲求救 see a dentist =gotoadentist看牙醫(yī) seeadoctor =gotoadoctor看醫(yī)

13、生 drink enough water 喝足夠的水 lie down and rest 躺下來(lái)休息 run it under water 在水下沖，用水沖 get off 下車 get on the bus 上公交車 catch the bus 趕公交車 get out of 從出來(lái)getover(克服)geton/alongwellwithsb. 和某人相處得好，getback取回 hot tea with honey帶蜂蜜的熱茶 get an x-ray 拍x光 put some medicine on it 敷一些藥 putabandageonsth.用繃帶包扎 take breaks

14、 away from 遠(yuǎn)離休息 without moving 沒(méi)有移動(dòng) in the same way 以同樣的方式 run out of 用完 sth.runout. 某物用盡了。sb.runoutof sth. 人用盡了某物。eg. hiswaterrunout. herunoutofallhismoneylastnight. be interested in =have/takeaninterestin 對(duì)感興趣placesofinterest名勝lostinterestin失去興趣 in a very dangerous situation 處于非常危險(xiǎn)的境地 takearisk =

15、take risks 冒險(xiǎn)risk(sb.)todosth. 冒險(xiǎn)去做某事 make decisions 做決定=makeadecision=makeuponesmind=decidetodosth a be in control of b a管理或控制ba beinthecontrolofb a在b的控制之中或者a受制于bbeoutofcontrol 無(wú)法控制，無(wú)法管理beundercontrol 被控制住，在控制之下 giveup 放棄giveup(doing)sth.=stopdoingsth 放棄（做）某事，eg. giveup(playing)computergames；givein

16、屈服giveout分發(fā) think about 考慮think about saving a life考慮挽救生命 right away 立刻、馬上= at once, right now on foot步行 the importance of . .的重要性 keep on doing sth 一直持續(xù)做. 堅(jiān)持做某事keepsth+adj 保持某物某種狀態(tài) cut off 切斷 cut up 切碎 cut down 砍倒 beusedtosth. 習(xí)慣于、適應(yīng) 強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)；-be / getusedto doingsth. 習(xí)慣于、適應(yīng)-become usedtosth./doingsth.

17、 變得習(xí)慣，逐漸適應(yīng) 強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)程：hisgrandpawasusedtocountrylife.maryisnotusedtogettingupearlyinthemorning.itsdifficulttogetusedtoanothercountryshabit. usedtodosth 過(guò)去常常做.(現(xiàn)在不了) (物) beusedtodosth (物)被用來(lái)做.=beusedfordoingsth be ready to do sth 樂(lè)意做， 準(zhǔn)備好做 be ready for 為.做好準(zhǔn)備 a few days = several days 幾天 put on 穿上 take off

18、 脫下 fall down = fall over 摔倒 fall down from = fall off 從上摔/掉下來(lái)fallinlovewith 愛(ài)上.fallasleep 熟睡fall behind 落后 clean your face 洗你的臉 get hit on the head 撞擊頭部 get sunburned 曬傷 put your head back把你的頭后仰 thanks to = with the help of 多虧了的幫助 = because of 由于，因?yàn)?wait for the bus 等公共汽車 to sbs surprise 令吃驚的是，出乎的意

19、料的是to sbs +表感情色彩名詞 “令某人的是”to sbs joy 令高興的是to sbs disappointment 令失望的是to sbs satisfaction 令滿意的是 toonessurprise令某人驚奇的是 insurprise驚奇地besurprisedtodosth對(duì)做感到吃驚 besurprisedatsth對(duì).感到驚奇 expect sb to do sth = wish sb to do sth 期待做. in time及時(shí)on time準(zhǔn)時(shí) see sb doing sth看見(jiàn)某人正在做see sb do sth看到某人做某事的過(guò)程 have proble

20、ms（in）breathing 呼吸困難= have difficulty / trouble（in）breathing have difficulty / trouble（in）doing sth. 做某事有問(wèn)題/ 困難 have a serious accident一次嚴(yán)重的事故 all weekend 整個(gè)周末 agree to do sth. 同意做某事agree to sth. 同意某事agree with sb 同意某人.agreeon 就達(dá)成一致意見(jiàn) take ones temperature 量體溫 feel like doing sth 想要. an eight-year-o

21、ld girl 一個(gè)八歲的女孩 a movie called kong fu panda 一部叫工夫熊貓的電影 so that 以便于 so.that如此以至于 several knives (knife-knives) 幾把刀 how to do sth 如何做 put a bandage on the cut 用繃帶把傷口纏好 get into trouble 陷入麻煩中，處于困境= be in trouble maketrouble 制造麻煩havetrouble/difficulties(in)doingsth 做某事有困難 get into陷入 mean to do sth 打算做某

22、事, 企圖 mean doing sth 意味著做某事the meaning of. 的意義whatdoes.mean? = whatsthemeaningof. .的意思是. theimportanceof(doing)sth. （做）某事的重要性 mind doing sth 介意做 eg. wouldyoumindmyopeningthewindow? stay healthy = keep healthy 保持健康be in good health處于良好的健康狀態(tài) without thinking twice沒(méi)有多加考慮 need to do sth需要做某事 the same as

23、. 和一樣 findsbdosth 發(fā)現(xiàn)做了某事findsbdoingsth 發(fā)現(xiàn)正在做某事findit+adj+todosth 發(fā)現(xiàn)做某事是的 eg. finditdifficult/hardtodosth be different from 與.不同 had better do sth 最好做某事had better not do sth 最好不做某事 such a difficult problem 如此難的問(wèn)題so fast / so quickly 如此快so happy 如此高興 help oneself to 請(qǐng)隨意. enjoy oneself 玩得開(kāi)心by oneself 獨(dú)

24、立地 take the old man to hospital 帶老人去醫(yī)院 move the man onto the bus 把人移到車上 tell of講述tell stories講故事tell lies說(shuō)謊 oneoftheexcitingthings 令人興奮的事情之一oneofthe+形容詞+名詞復(fù)數(shù) onthatday具體的某一天 hisownlife 他自己的生命【知識(shí)點(diǎn)解讀】1.詢問(wèn)某人的健康問(wèn)題或遇到什么麻煩、問(wèn)題時(shí)的表達(dá)：其后跟詢問(wèn)對(duì)象時(shí)，與介詞with連用 whatsthematter (withsb.) ? whatsthe trouble (withsb.) ? =

25、 whatsonestrouble? whatswrong(withsb.) ? is there anything wrong (withsb.) ? whatsup ? what happened (tosb.) ? howareyoufeelingnow? are you ok ? areyoufeelingbettertoday?2. 要表達(dá)身體疼痛或不舒服,可用以下結(jié)構(gòu):某人 +have/has+病癥. 某人 +have/has+a+headache（toothache，stomachache, backache, earache）.eg. the twins have colds.

26、雙胞胎感冒了。 haveafever發(fā)燒 haveacold=catchacold患感冒 haveastomachache患胃痛 haveatoothache患牙痛 haveaheadache患頭痛 haveabackache患背痛 have the flu = get the flu 患流感某人 +have/has+a+sore+發(fā)病部位. haveasorethroat患喉嚨痛 haveasoreback患背痛某人 +hurt(s)+身體部位或反身代詞. he hurt his leg.他的腿受傷了。某部位 +hurt(s). my head hurts badly.我頭痛得厲害。某人 +

27、have/has+a pain+in one s+身體部位, i have a pain in my chest.我胸口痛。(there is) something wrong with one s+身體部位.eg. there is something wrong with my right eye. .我的右眼有毛病。其他表達(dá)方式she has a heart trouble.她有心臟病。he got hit on the head他頭部受到了撞擊。she cut her finger.她割破手指了。3.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 should “應(yīng)該;應(yīng)當(dāng)”的用法:-否定式為 shouldn t，其后接動(dòng)

28、詞原形，無(wú)人稱和數(shù)的變化。-常用來(lái)征詢意見(jiàn)、建議、勸告、要求或義務(wù)等。 you should drink hot water with honey.。 you shouldn t watch tv. -用于主語(yǔ)為第一人稱的疑問(wèn)句, 表示征詢意見(jiàn)。 should i put some medicine on it? should we tell her about it?【拓展】其他表示建議的結(jié)構(gòu): would you like (to do) sth.?你想要/愿意(做)某事嗎?would you like to play basketball with me? shall i/we do s

29、th ?我/我們做好嗎?shall we go to the zoo tomorrow? why not do sth ?為什么不呢?why not join us? how/what about doing sth ?how about going swimming? let s do sth 讓我們做吧。 let s go home. you d better (not) do sth你最好(不)要做某事。you d better not go there alone.4.反身代詞的用法：myselfourselvesyourselfyourselveshimself herselfits

30、elfthemselves跟主語(yǔ)一致： thechildcandresshimself.(作賓語(yǔ)) mrs.blackherselfisateacher.(作同位語(yǔ)) justbeyourself.(作表語(yǔ))固定短語(yǔ)： teachoneselfsth(自學(xué)) learnsthbyoneself（自學(xué)） enjoyoneself（玩的開(kāi)心） helponeselftosth（隨便吃什么） saytooneself（自言自語(yǔ)） introduceoneself(自我介紹)5.toomuch+不可數(shù)名詞“太多”；動(dòng)詞+ toomuch dont talk too much.toomany+可數(shù)名詞“

31、太多”muchtoo+形容詞或副詞 “太”，表程度 hes much too fat for his age.6.maybe“或許”，常用于句首，表示可能性，后加句子。maybeyouareright.maybe，是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be的結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“可能，也許”，后加名詞、代詞或形容詞。hemaybeangry.7.soundlike+名詞代詞和從句：itsoundslikeyoudontknowthetruth. itsoundslikeagoodidea.sound+形容詞，“聽(tīng)起來(lái)，好像”，themusicsoundsnice.8.need需要，實(shí)義動(dòng)詞-need+名詞，需要某物；-needt

32、odosth.需要做某事，主語(yǔ)通常是人，表示人主動(dòng)的動(dòng)作：youneedtolistencarefullyduringclass.-needdoingsth.主語(yǔ)通常是物，表示被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作：yourdirtyclothesneedwashing.-neednt=donthaveto沒(méi)有必要mustnt不準(zhǔn)-must, need引導(dǎo)的疑問(wèn)句肯定回答用must.否定回答用neednt或donthavetomustifinishmyhomeworknow?no,you neednt.youcangohomenow.9.seesbdosth / seesbdoingsth 感官動(dòng)詞的用法，看見(jiàn)某人做過(guò)某

33、事用原形，看見(jiàn)某人正在做某事用現(xiàn)在分詞這樣的詞語(yǔ)有：hear,listento,lookat,watch,feel,find10. hurt-及物動(dòng)詞，使疼痛，受傷，hehurthislegwhileexercising.-不及物動(dòng)詞，（部位）疼。hisleghurtbadly.11.hit（用手或器具）打；擊打theboyhitthedogwithastone.- hitsb.onthehead/nose/back打某人的頭、鼻子、后背，on用在所打較硬的部位；- heface/eye/stomach打某人的臉、眼睛、肚子，in用在所打較軟的部位。12.sick/illad

34、j.生病的 -sick adj.“生病的”，既可放be(系動(dòng)詞)后作表語(yǔ)，也可放n.前作定語(yǔ)。besickof“討厭；厭惡”feelsick生?。徊皇娣ickperson=patient病人-ill adj.“生病的”，只能放be(系動(dòng)詞)后作表語(yǔ)，illillnessn.“?。患膊　眀eillinhospital生病13.sothat-引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句，“以致，為了，以便于”；-可以和in order that ,in order to ,so as to 進(jìn)行替換i got up very early this morning so that i could catch the earl

35、y train=i got up very early this morning in order that i could catch the early train.= i got up very early this morning in order to catch the early train.=i got up very early this morning so as to catch the early train.14so.that -引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句“如此以致于”-常用句型：主+謂+so+adj./ adv.+that從句主+謂+so+adj(a/an+n)that從句

36、heissocute(aboy)thatwealllikehim.=such+a/an+adj+名詞單數(shù)+ that-從句heissuchacleverboythateverybodylikeshim. -若從句主語(yǔ)與主句主語(yǔ)一致，否定句中可與too.to., not.enough to.進(jìn)行互換。this problem is so difficult that i cant work it out.=this problem is too difficult for me to work out.he is so young that he cant go to school.=he is too young to go to school.=he isnt old enough to go to school.【知識(shí)點(diǎn)補(bǔ)充】： fall（落下）fell, fal