1、.,1,學(xué)術(shù)英語(yǔ) 醫(yī)學(xué),Academic English for Medicine,.,2,Unit 1,Doctors Life Doctors are thought as noble, respectable, and caring, but it is really common to read or hear about the complaints of doctors being impatient and careless. What are the causes for such complaints? How can ordinary incidents influence

2、 the way doctors practice medicine? This unit explores doctors life from different perspectives so that you can understand them better.,.,3,Unit 1 Doctors Life,Unit Contents,Lead-in,Text A,Text B,Text C,Listening,Speaking,Writing,Get reading for Unit 2,.,4,Lead-in,Questions to be answered Brainstorm

3、 Additional activity,Unit 1 Doctors Life,.,5,Lead-in,Questions to be answered,What are the causes for complaints of doctors being impatient and careless? What kind of life does a doctor lead? How can ordinary incidents influence the way doctors practice medicine?,Unit 1 Doctors Life,.,6,Lead-in,Brai

4、nstorm,Brainstorm a list of words and expressions related to a doctors life and practice.,Unit 1 Doctors Life,.,7,Lead-in,Additional activity,What do they mean for a doctor? a decent career a noble calling respectable knowledgeable under great pressure underpaid mistrusted dangerous,Unit 1 Doctors L

5、ife,.,8,Text A,Critical reading and thinking Questions for discussion Topics for presentation Useful expressions Difficult sentences Language building-up Signpost language Formal English Vocabulary test Suggested answers,Unit 1 Doctors Life,.,9,Text A Critical reading and thinking,Questions for disc

6、ussion,How do you interpret the title? neuron overload juggling physician,Unit 1 Doctors Life,.,10,Text A Critical reading and thinking,Topics for presentation,1 Do you agree that it is sheer neuron overload on the doctor side that leads to the complaint that doctors dont listen?,neuron overload pat

7、ients high expectations mistrust and misunderstanding between the patients and physician,Unit 1 Doctors Life,.,11,2 Describe Mrs. Osorios condition.,Text A,Topics for presentation,Unit 1 Doctors Life,.,12,Text A,Useful expressions,a 56-year-old woman somewhat overweight reasonably well-controlled di

8、abetes and hypertension cholesterol on the high side without any medications for this not as much exercise as she should thinning of her bones on last DEXA scan stressful but good about keeping her appointments and getting her blood tests generally healthy,Unit 1 Doctors Life,Critical reading and th

9、inking,.,13,Text A,Useful expressions,in my practice / in a medical practice overweight diabetes hypertension cholesterol on the high side DEXA scan thinning of her bones / lower density stressful life keep her appointments blood tests generally healthy an average patient not excessively complicated

10、,Unit 1 Doctors Life,Critical reading and thinking,.,14,Text A,Topics for presentation,3 What are the good and bad things about Mrs. Osorios conditions that run through the authors mind?,Unit 1 Doctors Life,Critical reading and thinking,.,15,Text A,Useful expressions,Good Things Blood tests done Glu

11、cose a little better Her blood pressure good but not great Bad Things Her weight a little up Her bones a little thin on the DEXA,Unit 1 Doctors Life,Critical reading and thinking,.,16,Text A,Useful expressions,20-min consultation glucose starting a statin liver enzymes normal five fruits and vegetab

12、les diet choices 30 min of walking each day exercise morning sugars compare to her evening sugars the nutritionist / her eye doctor / the podiatrist blood pressure add another BP med more pills,Unit 1 Doctors Life,Critical reading and thinking,.,17,Text A,Useful expressions,start a bisphosphonate pr

13、event osteoporosis experiencing just the usual stress of life lurking depression or anxiety disorder the depression questionnaire health maintenance her last mammogram PAP smear colonoscopy a tetanus booster qualify for a pneumonia vaccine,Unit 1 Doctors Life,Critical reading and thinking,.,18,Text

14、A,Topics for presentation,4 Describe the situation when Mrs. Ororio might send the authors delicately balanced three-ring circus tumbling down.,Unit 1 Doctors Life,Critical reading and thinking,.,19,Text A,Useful expressions,The author was in moderate state of panic: juggling so many thoughts about

15、Mrs. Osorios conditions and trying to resolve them all before the clock ran down. Mrs. Osorio made a trivial request, not so important as compared to her conditions. Mrs. Osorio seemed to care only about her “ innocentand completely justifiedrequest”: the form signed by her doctor. The doctor tried

16、to or at least pretend to pay attention to the patients while completing documentation. Complaints that doctors dont listen might have other reasons than just doctors neuron overload.,Unit 1 Doctors Life,Critical reading and thinking,.,20,Text A,Useful expressions,the diet-and-exercise discussion no

17、t making eye contact with Mrs. Osorio (communication skills) get her lab results check her mammogram report document the progress of her illnesses order the tests refill her prescriptions,Unit 1 Doctors Life,Critical reading and thinking,.,21,Text A,Useful expressions,her insurance company / insuran

18、ce form / lose my coverage do her physical examination her back pain anything more than routine muscle strain place into accurate and thorough documentation interact with my patient,Unit 1 Doctors Life,Critical reading and thinking,.,22,5 Compare multitasking in human beings and computers.,Text A,To

19、pics for presentation,Unit 1 Doctors Life,Critical reading and thinking,.,23,Text A,Useful expressions,Multitasking originated in computer science. Microprocessors in fact linear, actually performing only one task at a time. Multitasking just as an illusion both in computer and humans. At best, Huma

20、n juggling only a handful of thoughts in this manner. The more thoughts we juggle, the less we are able to attune fully to any given thought. Multitasking as a recipe for disaster,Unit 1 Doctors Life,Critical reading and thinking,.,24,Text A,Useful expressions,an insurance company form order her mam

21、mogram refill only five of her six medicines fully explain the side-effects of one of her medications,Unit 1 Doctors Life,Critical reading and thinking,.,25,6 Use numbers to justify that it is the juggling mind that keeps doctors awake at night.,Text A,Topics for presentation,Unit 1 Doctors Life,Cri

22、tical reading and thinking,.,26,Text A,Useful expressions,7 medical issues to consider 5 separate thoughts, at least, for each issue 7 X 5 = 35 thoughts 10 patients that afternoon 35 X 10 = 350 5 residents under the authors supervision 4 patients seen by each residents 10 thoughts, at least, generat

23、ed by each patients 5 X 4 X 10 = 200 350 + 200 = 550 thoughts to be handled in total If the doctor does a good job juggling 98% of the time, that still leaves ten thoughts that might get lost in the process.,Unit 1 Doctors Life,Critical reading and thinking,.,27,Text A,Useful expressions,medical iss

24、ues to consider supervise five residents in a working day a disastrous outcome a possible lawsuit Most doctors are reasonably competent, caring individuals, but the overwhelming swirl of thoughts that we must keep track of leaves many of us in a perpetual panic that something serious might slip. Thi

25、s is what keeps us awake at night.,Unit 1 Doctors Life,Critical reading and thinking,.,28,7 What are possible solutions to the impossible high-wire act of juggling competing details and panicking about slipping a critical one?,Text A,Topics for presentation,Unit 1 Doctors Life,Critical reading and t

26、hinking,.,29,Text A,Useful expressions,computer-generated reminders case managers ancillary services the simplest: time,Unit 1 Doctors Life,Critical reading and thinking,.,30,Text A,Useful expressions,an hour for each patient a spectacular doctor Situation in China? the choices that practicing physi

27、cians face every day, with every patient rely on our clinical judgment to prioritise transplant field a dedicated and competent clinical partner such as a one-on-one nurse medical budgets,Unit 1 Doctors Life,Critical reading and thinking,.,31,Text A,Difficult Sentences,1 that one stray request from

28、a patienteven one that is quite relevantmight send the delicately balanced three-ring circus tumbling down. (Para.1) 如果病人冷不丁提個(gè)要求，即使所提要求十分中肯，也會(huì)讓我那內(nèi)心脆弱的平衡亂作一團(tuán)，就像井然有序同時(shí)演出三臺(tái)節(jié)目的大馬戲場(chǎng)突然崩塌一樣。,Unit 1 Doctors Life,Critical reading and thinking,.,32,2 . Im piling yet another pill onto her . (Para. 3) 我還要再給她另加一

29、種藥,Text A,Difficult Sentences,Unit 1 Doctors Life,.,33,Text A,Difficult Sentences,shes caught one of my neurons in mid-fire (Para. 4) 她讓我如火如荼的思緒戛然而止 My instinct is to put one hand up and keep all interruptions at bay. (Para. 4) 我的本能反應(yīng)是舉手，阻止她打斷我的思路。,Unit 1 Doctors Life,Critical reading and thinking,.

30、,34,Text A,Difficult Sentences,We merely zip back and forth between them, generally losing accuracy in the process. (Para. 7) 我們?nèi)祟愔皇窃趦蓚€(gè)想法之間來(lái)回快速轉(zhuǎn)換，通常 情況下，在轉(zhuǎn)換的過(guò)程中丟失了精準(zhǔn)。 The more thoughts we juggle, the less we are able to attune fully to any given thought. (Para. 8) The higher up, the heavier the fall

31、. The more, the better.,Unit 1 Doctors Life,Critical reading and thinking,.,35,Text A,Difficult Sentences,My choices seem to boil down to entertaining fewer thoughts, accepting decreased accuracy for each thought, giving up on thorough documentation, or having a constant headache from neuronal overl

32、oad. (Para. 10) boil down to:歸結(jié)為 It boils down to a question of ethics. 它可歸結(jié)成一個(gè)倫理學(xué)問(wèn)題。,Unit 1 Doctors Life,Critical reading and thinking,.,36,Text A,Difficult Sentences,In some cases, having a dedicated and competent clinical partner such as a one-on-one nurse can come close to simulating a second br

33、ain, but most medical budgets dont allow for such staffing indulgence. (Para.12) 有些情況下，有個(gè)專注、出色的臨床搭檔，如一對(duì)一的護(hù)士，就仿佛有了第二個(gè)大腦，不過(guò)大多數(shù)醫(yī)療預(yù)算不會(huì)如此大方，這樣配備人員。,Unit 1 Doctors Life,Critical reading and thinking,.,37,Text A Language Building-up,Signpost Language,An innocentand completely justifiedrequest, but (Para.5)

34、 What is the function of the parentheses / dashes in the sentence? Parenthetical statements: inserting additional information without creating a separate sentence and are often demonstrated by parentheses and dash.,Unit 1 Doctors Life,.,38,Text A Language Building-up,Formal English,Degree of formali

35、ty should be determined by the audience the expectations of the audience the writers purposes For example, the writer of Text A employs informal language when recording her juggling thoughts, and a noticeable shift from that of the rest of the article where formal style is consistently maintained. A

36、 juggling mind is vividly presented by informal and even ungrammatical use of language, such as “Maybe leave this until next time?”,Unit 1 Doctors Life,.,39,Text A Language Building-up,Formal English,Formal English,It is used in official, literary, academic writing, or formal social events. It is mo

37、re commonly used in writing than speech. Sentences are often long and complex. Contractions are avoided.,Informal English,It is used in everyday personal conversations or letters to friends. It is more commonly used in everyday speech than in writing. Sentences are often short and simple. Contractio

38、ns are common.,Unit 1 Doctors Life,.,40,Text A Language Building-up,Formal English,Formal English,The passive voice is often used, making it sound impersonal. Much vocabulary derived from French and Latin is used. Colloquial terms, slangs and many phrasal verbs are avoided.,Informal English,The acti

39、ve voice is often used. Vocabulary derived from French and Latin is not used. Colloquial terms, slangs and many phrasal verbs are common.,Unit 1 Doctors Life,.,41,Text A Language Building-up,Formal English,Formal English,The researchers identified the important properties. Doctors have established a

40、 new method. This appeared to rectify the problem,Informal English,The researchers found out what the important things were. Doctors have come up with a new method. This seemed to fix the problem,Unit 1 Doctors Life,.,42,Text A Language Building-up,Formal English,Formal English,His words demonstrate

41、 that Details of the report are to be found on Page 26. The experiment was carried out / performed.,Informal English,His words show that You can find out all about the report on page 26. They did an experiment.,Unit 1 Doctors Life,.,43,Text A Language Building-up,Formal English key to Task 3,1 Good

42、thing she did her blood tests. Glucose is a little better. Cholesterol isnt great. May need to think about starting a statin. Are her liver enzymes normal? (Para. 3) Good signs include that she did her blood tests, and that her glucose level is a little better. However, her cholesterol level isnt gr

43、eat, and I may need to consider prescribing a statin for her. Furthermore, I wondered if her liver enzymes are normal.,Unit 1 Doctors Life,Task 3 Rewrite the following sentences from Text A with a more formal style.,.,44,Text A Language Building-up,Formal English key to Task 3,2 Has she been to the

44、eye doctor? The podiatrist? (Para. 3),Unit 1 Doctors Life,Has she been to the eye doctor and the podiatrist?,.,45,Text A Language Building-up,Formal English key to Task 3,3 But now Im piling yet another pill onto her, and one that requires detailed instructions. Maybe leave this until next time? (Pa

45、ra. 3),Unit 1 Doctors Life,But now Im piling yet another pill onto her, and the pill requires detailed instructions. “Maybe, should I leave this until next time?” I thought.,.,46,Text A Language Building-up,Formal English key to Task 3,4 Health maintenance: when was her last mammogram? PAP smear? (P

46、ara. 3),Unit 1 Doctors Life,To my mind came her health maintenance. I asked myself, “When did she receive her last mammogram and PAP smear?”,.,47,Text A,Vocabulary test,_ overload（神經(jīng)過(guò)載） a typical office _（典型的診所就診） DEXA _（DEXA掃描） medical _（行醫(yī)）,visit,scan,practice,neuron / neuronal,_ report（乳房X-線檢查報(bào)告）

47、 _ examination（體檢） _ of a medication（藥物的副作用）,mammogram,side-effects,physical,Unit 1 Doctors Life,Language Building-up,.,48,Text A,Vocabulary test,_control（血壓控制） health _（健康保持） perpetual _（永久的恐慌） _ physicians（執(zhí)業(yè)醫(yī)生） _ field（移植領(lǐng)域） medical _（醫(yī)療預(yù)算） paracetamol _（撲熱息痛藥片） _ cap（防孩子打開的蓋子）,panic,blood pressu

48、re,maintenance,practicing,transplant,budget,tablet,childproof,Unit 1 Doctors Life,Language Building-up,.,49,Text A,Suggested answers,Unit 1 Doctors Life,Task 1. 2 Match each of the following English term and Chinese equivalent.,pneumothorax nutrient hypertension colonoscopy mammectomy refill neuralg

49、ia podiatrist nutritionist osteoporosis neuron transmit transplant pneumonia mammogram,a. 移植 b. 高血壓 c. 乳房X線照片 d. 結(jié)腸鏡檢查（術(shù)） e. 神經(jīng)元，神經(jīng)細(xì)胞 f. 肺炎 g. 營(yíng)養(yǎng)物 h. 神經(jīng)痛 i. 營(yíng)養(yǎng)學(xué)家 j. 再配（處方） k. 氣胸 l. 傳染 m. 骨質(zhì)疏松 n. 足病醫(yī)生 o. 乳房切除術(shù),k,g,b,d,o,j,h,n,i,m,e,i,a,f,c,.,50,Text A,Suggested answers language building-up,Unit 1 Doc

50、tors Life,Task 1. 2 Match each of the following definitions with its corresponding English term and Chinese equivalent.,colonoscopy,結(jié)腸鏡檢查（術(shù)）,hypertension,高血壓,mammogram,乳房X線照片,neuron,神經(jīng)元，神經(jīng)細(xì)胞,nutritionist,營(yíng)養(yǎng)學(xué)家,osteoporosis,骨質(zhì)疏松,.,51,Text A,Suggested answers language building-up,Unit 1 Doctors Life,Ta

51、sk 1. 2 Match each of the following definitions with its corresponding English term and Chinese equivalent.,transplant,移植,pneumonia,肺炎,podiatrist,足病醫(yī)生,refill,再配（處方）,.,52,Text A,Suggested answers language building-up,Unit 1 Doctors Life,Task 2 Signpost language,Find some examples of parenthetical sta

52、tement from Text A.,From her perspective, this is probably the most important item in our visit, but the fact is that shes caught one of my neurons in mid-fire (the one thats thinking about her blood sugar, which is segueing into the neuron thats preparing the diet-and-exercise discussion, which is

53、intersecting with the one thats debating about initiating a statin). (Para. 4) What if I drop onewhat if one of my thoughts evaporates while I address another concern? (Para. 4),.,53,Text A,Suggested answers language building-up,Unit 1 Doctors Life,Task 2 Signpost language,Find some examples of pare

54、nthetical statement from Text A.,An innocentand completely justifiedrequest, but I feel that this could be the straw that breaks the camels back, that the precarious balance of all that Im keeping in the air will be simply unhinged. (Para. 5) There are many proposed solutionscomputer-generated remin

55、ders, case managers, ancillary services. (Para. 10),.,54,Text B,Pre-reading question Critical reading and thinking Researching Language building-up,Unit 1 Doctors Life,.,55,How nontrivial can trivial incidents be in ones life?,Text B,Pre-reading question,Unit 1 Doctors Life,.,56,Text B,Critical Read

56、ing and Thinking,Reflection,What other lessons can you learn from the text?,Unit 1 Doctors Life,.,57,Text B,Critical Reading and Thinking,Reflection,Dr. Sacketts challenge to the traditional wisdom in treating his hepatitis patient Never be a blind believer of authority or conventional wisdom. Scien

57、tific progress requires unconventional way of thinking. Challenging authority is a Must for real scientists Be tolerant and open-minded about novelties. Be sensitive to trivialities. Think differently.,Unit 1 Doctors Life,.,58,Text B,Critical Reading and Thinking,Reflection,Dr. Sacketts eventful “cl

58、inical course” and iconoclasm Attitude can be life-changing. Stick to the justifiable beliefs and act out. Be yourself or be unique may bring about surprises. Develop your own personality is part of professional life. Science owes much to those non-conventionalists and iconoclasts.,Unit 1 Doctors Life,.,59,Text B,Critical Reading and Thinking,1 Design of Thomas Chalmers trial,Unit 1 Doctors Life,Clear description of the eligibility criteria of participants, and their random allocation Comparisons of two regimens per trial Precise definition of e