1、名詞預(yù)習(xí)案 （學(xué)生思考）1. 什么是名詞？（Noun)2. 名詞有哪幾類？3. 畫出下列詞中的名詞，并指出他們屬于名詞的哪一類？Diana; Beijing; Americans; wood success ream apples family advice soil 我對名詞的困惑：_ 【考綱解讀】關(guān)于名詞,高考主要考查: 1.名詞詞義辨析和習(xí)慣搭配。名詞詞義辨析包括同義詞辨析、近義詞辨析、同形詞辨析和不同詞義的名詞在語境中的辨析。另外,高考還考查容易混淆的名詞的辨形、辨義以及名詞的慣用法等。這些問題主要出現(xiàn)在完形填空中。 2.名詞的數(shù)(可數(shù)與不可數(shù)、單數(shù)與復(fù)數(shù))、名詞所有格、抽象名詞的具體

2、化、物質(zhì)名詞的量化、名詞和冠詞的搭配以及主謂一致等。這些問題常出現(xiàn)在短文改錯或語法填空中。3.名詞的“舊詞新意”和“名詞動化”現(xiàn)象,主要以隱形考查的方式出現(xiàn)在閱讀理解和完形填空試題中。【預(yù)習(xí)導(dǎo)學(xué)】 探究案 一、 探究一: 名詞的單復(fù)數(shù) (一) 可數(shù)名詞的規(guī)則變化 (口訣） 名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)，直接加 -s 占多數(shù)； s, x, z, ch, sh 來結(jié)尾，直接加上 -es； 詞尾是 f 或 fe，加 -s 之前先變 ve； 輔母 + y 在詞尾，把 y 變 i 再加 -es； 詞尾字母若是 o，要加 -es 請記好，黑人，英雄愛吃西紅柿和馬鈴薯Task1: 根據(jù)以上口訣用所給的單詞的復(fù)數(shù)的正確形式

3、填空：。 1There are so many (wolf)in the forest. 2There are three (chair) in the classroom. 3These (tomato) are red. 4 (hero) are great. 5My brother looks after two (baby) 6I have a lot of (toy) in my bedroom. 7I help my mother wash (dish) in the kitchen. Task2. 請寫出下列口訣中劃線詞并寫出其復(fù)數(shù)形式。1單數(shù)名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)名詞的基本規(guī)則(1) 以

4、o結(jié)尾的名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)時: 黑人英雄在回聲中吃土豆、西紅柿，即。但下列以o結(jié)尾的名詞既可以加es，也可以加s，它們是：零，蚊子，火山。(2) 以f或fe結(jié)尾的名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)時: 妻子拿刀去宰狼，小偷嚇得著了慌，躲進(jìn)架子保己命，半片樹葉遮目光. 即。但下列以f或fe結(jié)尾的名詞直接加s，它們是：屋頂上的首領(lǐng)信仰保險箱，即。而下列以f結(jié)尾的名詞既可以去掉f加ves，也可以直接加s，它們是：手帕，圍巾。(3)合成名詞變成復(fù)數(shù)時，通常只將里面所含的主體名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)，如果沒有主體名詞，則將最后一部分變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)。如：女婿；過路人；_講故事的人； _ 家庭主婦。a woman teacher two 2.)a gi

5、rl student two (二)可數(shù)名詞的不規(guī)則變化 1常見單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞一個中國人和一個日本人騎著一只羊和鹿去吃水煮魚。_ 系列；_ 方式；_ 工廠；_ 魚；_ 水果；_ 十字路口；_ 馬力；_ 斤等。其中fish, fruit表示種類時，可加復(fù)數(shù)詞尾，即fishes, fruits。2.中日不變，英法變，其余-s添后面 Chinese Japanese German- (三）不可數(shù)名詞Task 1. 單句改錯,并總結(jié)不可數(shù)名詞的考點(diǎn)。1.WhatalotofworksIhavetofinishtoday! 總結(jié)：_.2Hehasgotmanygoodnewsfromhere. 總結(jié)：

6、_.3.Willyoupleasemakearoomfortheladyoutside? 總結(jié)：_.4.Yesterdayafternoon,IpaidvisittoMrJohnson. 總結(jié)：_.5.Duringhervisit, shedrank12 cupoftea. 總結(jié)：_.6.The party last night was success. 總結(jié)：_.Task 2. 請列舉短文改錯中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的不可數(shù)名詞： （四）以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)的名詞根據(jù)漢語意思寫出下列單詞。1. She wears a pair of new (褲子) today.2. She looks pretty when

7、 wearing (眼鏡) 3. The (環(huán)境) in our neighborhood is very beautiful.4. I dont know how to show my (感謝)to you.(5） 集體名詞His family not a big family. His family watching TV now.總結(jié)：1.（人民people ； 警察police 復(fù)數(shù)）; 家庭family班級class隊(duì)team2. 集體名詞作主語時，表示整體-謂語用單數(shù)；代表成員-謂語用復(fù)數(shù)(六）有些詞即可是可數(shù),也可以是不可數(shù)，意思不一樣Task:請寫出下列單詞。 可數(shù) 不可數(shù) 可

8、數(shù) 不可數(shù) light 燈燈光， exercise 練習(xí) fish 魚類 work 作品 glass 玻璃杯 life 生命 chicken 小雞 orange 橘子 paper 報(bào)紙，試卷 time 次數(shù) Chinese 中國人 Japanese 日本人 German 德國人 room 房間 （7） 有些可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式有特殊的含義rains 雨季 waters 水域 sands 沙灘 woods 樹林，森林fruits 各種水果 glasses 眼鏡 looks 外貌 manners 禮貌探究二：名詞所有格名詞所有格的表達(dá)（True or False)1.婦女節(jié)離現(xiàn)在還有兩周Women

9、Day is in two weeks time .（ ）Women s Day is in two weeks time .（ ）總結(jié)：一般單數(shù)名詞的詞尾加 ; 以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞的所有格，在詞尾加 ；不以-s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞的所有格，在詞尾加 . 2.史密斯先生是我爸爸和媽媽的朋友。Mr Smith is my father and mothers friend.（ ）Mr Smith is my fathers and mothers friend.（ ）3.露西的房間比湯姆和莉莉的都大。Lucys room is bigger than Toms and Lilys.（ ）Lucys r

10、oom is bigger than Tom and Lilys.（ ）總結(jié)：表示幾個人共有一物，只在 用所有格形式；如表示各自擁有時，則 都要用所有格形式。.4.The village is far away from here indeed. Its walk.A. a four hour B.a four hours C. a four-hours D. a four hours5.Her father returned home after five years absence.（ ） Her father returned home after five years absence.

11、（ ）總結(jié)：表示時間、距離等無生命的名詞的所有格是在后面直接加 或 . 6.他是我們學(xué)校的一名學(xué)生。 Their schools students went for a picnic yesterday.（ ） The students of their school went for a picnic yesterday.（ ）總結(jié)：表示無生命的名詞一般用 短語表示所有關(guān)系.7.這是我媽媽的一張照片This is a photo of my mothers.（ ） This is a photo of my mother.（ ） 總結(jié)：Of 所有格用名詞普通格或人稱代詞賓格，雙重所有格中of

12、后用 或 物主代詞。而picture,photo,portrait等詞用of所有格側(cè)重同位關(guān)系，用雙重所有格側(cè)重所有與部分關(guān)系。.我妻子的一個朋友 我的一個朋友 知識積累名詞常見后綴集錦1動詞變名詞的后綴后綴例詞ion/tion/sion/ationcorrect_改正attract_ 吸引conclude_結(jié)論；結(jié)束decide_ 決定admit_ 接納；準(zhǔn)許入學(xué)invite_ 邀請explain_ 解釋expect_ 期望er/orteach_老師announce_ 播音員conduct_ 指揮；售票員mentpunish_懲罰achieve_ 功績；成就argue_ 辯論；論據(jù)equip

13、_ 裝備；設(shè)備ance/enceappear_出現(xiàn)；外貌perform_ 表演；節(jié)目exist_ 存在；生存prefer_ 偏愛inghear-_ 聽力；聽覺begin_ 開始ure/turefail_失敗；沒做到press-_ 壓力mix-_ 混合；混合物depart_ 離開；出發(fā)yrecover_恢復(fù)；痊愈discover-_ 發(fā)現(xiàn)其他choose-_選擇vary_ 多樣化；種類tend_ 趨向；趨勢2形容詞變名詞的后綴后綴例詞ageshort_不足；短缺cyefficient_效率；功效fluent_ 流利；流暢accurate_ 準(zhǔn)確性private_ 隱私；私密domfree_自由；

14、自主wise-_ 明智；智慧encedifferent-_ 差異silent_ 沉默nessweak_虛弱；弱點(diǎn)kind_ 仁慈；好意careless_ 粗心大意thstrong-_力氣；強(qiáng)項(xiàng)warm-_ 溫暖；熱情ytyityhonest_誠實(shí)difficult_困難cruel_ 殘酷；殘暴safe-_ 安全disable_ 無能；傷殘responsible_ 責(zé)任【考點(diǎn)突破】考點(diǎn)1名詞詞義辨析，包括同綴、形近、意近和無關(guān)聯(lián)詞 1.There is no need to tell me your answer now.Give it some_and then let me know. A.

15、thought B.support C.protection D.authority 2.One of the most effective ways to reduce _ is to talk about feelings with someone you trust. A.production B.stress C.energy D.power3.Some schools will have to make _ in agreement with the national soccer reform. A.judgments B.adjustments C.comments D.achi

16、evements 4.Go and say sorry to your Mom，Dave. Id like to，but Im afraid she wont be happy with my _. ArequestsBexcuses CapologiesDregrets5.When he was running after his brother，the boy lost his _ and had a bad fall. AbalanceBchance CmemoryDplace6.He gave himself a new name to hide his _ when he went

17、to carry out the secret task. AemotionBtalent CidentityDtreasure7.When Richard said，“You are much more agreeable and prettier now，” Joans face turned red at the unexpected _.AcommandBcomparison CcomplimentDcontribution8.Wind is now the worlds fastest growing _ of power.AsourceBsense CresultDroot考點(diǎn)歸納

18、名詞詞義辨析是高考的熱點(diǎn)，主要考查考生結(jié)合語境區(qū)分詞義的能力，因而在記憶單詞時，一定要結(jié)合語境體會其意義。近幾年考查的名詞詞義辨析主要有以下幾種形式：1“同綴”詞的詞義辨析，即相同詞綴的名詞辨析。近幾年高考中常出現(xiàn)的有：expression (表情) attention (注意) satisfaction (滿意) impression (印象)accommodation (住宿) occupation (職業(yè)) adaptation (適應(yīng)，改編) appreciation (欣賞)equipment (設(shè)備) arrangement (安排) assessment (評估，估算) ente

19、rtainment (娛樂)consequence(后果) independence (獨(dú)立) competence(能力，權(quán)限) intelligence (智力)2“形近”詞的詞義辨析，近幾年高考中常出現(xiàn)的形近詞有：command (命令) comparison (比較) compliment (贊美) contribution (貢獻(xiàn))commitment (承諾，保證) competition (競爭) ambition (野心) accompany (陪伴)3“意近”詞的詞義辨析，近幾年高考中常出現(xiàn)的意近詞有：advice；question；offer；idea anger；rude

20、ness；regret；panic(驚慌)4“無關(guān)聯(lián)”詞的詞義辨析，近幾年高考中出現(xiàn)的有：symbol (象征) portrait (肖像) identity (身份) statue (雕像)difference(差異) comparison(比較) connection(連接) barrier(屏障，障礙)luck(運(yùn)氣) value(價值) time(時間) fact(事實(shí))考點(diǎn)2名詞的一詞多義與熟詞新義1.Can you tell us your _ for happiness and a long life? Living every day to the full，definitel

21、y. ArecipeBrecord CrangeDreceipt2.The weather forecast says it will be cloudy with a slight _ of rain later tonight. AeffectBsense CchangeDchance3.The failure was a big _ to him，but he wasnt discouraged and soon got as enthusiastic as ever. A.blow B.issue C.excuse D.factor 4.Could you tell me the _

22、of making such tasty cakes? Well，I just follow the directions in the cookbook. AfeatureBplan CcostDtrick考點(diǎn)歸納名詞的一詞多義與熟詞新義是考查的重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)。掌握熟詞新義重在多閱讀、多積累。Those who suffer from headache will find they get relief from this medicine. 患頭疼的人會發(fā)現(xiàn)通過使用這種藥，他們的頭疼會得到緩解。relief的常見含義為“安慰，寬慰”，此處表示“緩解”?？键c(diǎn)3抽象名詞具體化抽象名詞具體化通常可分

23、為以下四類：一、表示情感、情緒的詞，強(qiáng)調(diào)具體的人或事時常將其具體化使用。常用的重點(diǎn)抽象名詞有：抽象名詞抽象名詞具體化drink飲料A drink comfort安慰；慰藉A comfort一 feeling感覺；感情a good feeling success成功a success failure失敗a failure surprise驚奇a surprise experience經(jīng)驗(yàn)an experience difficulty困難a difficulty coffee咖啡two coffees beauty美，美麗a beauty pleasure愉快，高興a pleasure prid

24、e驕傲a pride honor榮譽(yù)，信譽(yù)an honor 二、表行為的抽象名詞，強(qiáng)調(diào)其具體表現(xiàn)形式時，常以a/an抽象名詞，或a/an形容詞抽象名詞。常用短語、句型如下：have a wonderful supper；have a bright future；have a good time；have a population of；have a good knowledge/understanding of；have an income of；receive a good education；receive a warm welcome；cover an area of；reach a h

25、eight of；Its a waste of time/money；Its a great help to me.；Its a pity that. 三、表示具體動作意義的抽象名詞，加a/an與某些動詞(have，take，make，give)等詞連用時，表示某一次短暫的動作。have a swim/rest/look/trip/discussion/smoke/wash/sleep；take a walk/bath；give/take a try；make an advance/an early start/an apology；take/have a great interest；go

26、out for a walk 四、接同源賓語的短語，通常名詞表示具體化意義。die a heroic death；live/lead a happy/simple/hard/poor/bitter life；dream a strange dream 【方法總結(jié)】名詞解題方法方法1利用固定搭配和習(xí)慣表達(dá)It is said that dogs will keep you _ for as long as you want when you are feeling lonely. A. safety B.company C.house D.friend 方法2利用句子的平衡、對比等結(jié)構(gòu)To ma

27、ke members of a team perform better，the trainer first of all has to know their _ and weaknesses. AstrengthsBbenefits CtechniquesDvalues方法3充分把握具體的語境Always read the _ on the bottle carefully and take the right amount of medicine. AexplanationsBinstructions CdescriptionsDintroductions【擴(kuò)展交流】典題精選我來改正常設(shè)誤點(diǎn)

28、(2015四川高考)As I told you last time, I made three new friend here.(2015陜西高考)Mum taught me some basic step of baking.I insisted on doing most of the baking myself._(1)可數(shù)名詞單復(fù)數(shù)的錯用可數(shù)名詞前有數(shù)詞、數(shù)量詞、some或one of .等修飾，則該名詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式；在指示代詞this, that后用單數(shù)名詞；在these, those后用復(fù)數(shù)名詞。(2014遼寧高考)Weve called several time about Cl

29、eos early morning barking.(2016長春市質(zhì)檢)Looking back on the progresses that I have made so far, I really appreciate your support._(2)混淆名詞的可數(shù)與不可數(shù)有些詞既可作可數(shù)名詞又可作不可數(shù)名詞，例如time表示“次數(shù)”為可數(shù)名詞，表示“時間”為不可數(shù)名詞；experience表示“經(jīng)歷”時為可數(shù)名詞，表示“經(jīng)驗(yàn)”時為不可數(shù)名詞；誤把不可數(shù)名詞當(dāng)作可數(shù)名詞，例如純抽象名詞：progress, luggage/baggage, advice, weather, inform

30、ation, equipment, furniture等都只能用作不可數(shù)名詞。(2016濟(jì)寧市一模)Ive learned English for so long that I can communicate with native speakers of English without difficult._(3)詞性錯用誤把動詞、形容詞等當(dāng)作名詞。典題精選我來改正常設(shè)誤點(diǎn)(2014陜西高考)That day I didnt learn much about animals, insects or trees, but I learnt a impressive lesson about g

31、ravity!(2016邢臺市高三摸底考試)But he had only an 100yuan note.(2016嘉峪關(guān)市一中三模)He was an European billionaire who got everything he wanted._(1)不定冠詞a和an的錯用在元音音素前應(yīng)用不定冠詞an；在輔音音素前應(yīng)用不定冠詞a；有些單詞以元音字母開頭但卻是以輔音音素開頭，前面應(yīng)用冠詞a而不用an；還有一些單詞以輔音字母開頭但卻是以元音音素開頭，前面應(yīng)用冠詞an而不用a。(2015新課標(biāo)全國卷)One day, little Tony went to a shopping cent

32、er with his parents . A woman saw him crying and told him to wait outside a shop.(2016鄭州二模)Most of us feel nervous whenever were taking the important exam._(2)不定冠詞a(n)和定冠詞the的錯用表示特指時用定冠詞the；表示泛指時用不定冠詞a(n)。(2013新課標(biāo)全國卷)This custom soon became another meal of day.(2016江西九校聯(lián)考)Forrest Gump was born in sm

33、all village._(3)單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前冠詞的缺失一般情況下，單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前應(yīng)有適當(dāng)?shù)墓谠~a(n)或the。 a(n)表示類指或泛指，the 表示特指。(2013浙江高考)Tomorrow is first day of school.(2016衡水一中模擬)In order to realize his dream, Bill Gates, richest man in the world, gave up studying in Harvard University._(4)定冠詞the的缺失在序數(shù)詞前常用定冠詞the；在形容詞最高級前也常用定冠詞the。(2014新課標(biāo)全國卷)Th

34、ere are all kinds of the flowers and trees around the classroom buildings.(2016南昌市一模)I think its a great fun and I can make more friends._(5)冠詞的多余可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞表示泛指時不用冠詞。(2015浙江高考)I was always interested to see the drivers in hurry in the morning. (2014新課標(biāo)全國卷)As result, the plants are growing everywhe

35、re._(6)常見固定搭配中冠詞的缺失與多余在固定搭配中，有的用不定冠詞a(n)，有的用定冠詞the，而有的不帶任何冠詞，如：in a hurry, on the right, in fact, as a result等。【當(dāng)堂達(dá)標(biāo)】1.(2016高考全國乙卷語法填空)The nursery team switches him every few _(day) with his sister .2(2016高考全國甲卷語法填空)Recent _(study) show that we are far more productive at work .3(2016高考全國甲卷短文改錯)If we go on a trip abroad，we can broaden our view and gain knowledges we cannot get from books._4(2016高考全國丙卷短文改錯)The teenage year from 13 to 19 were the most difficult time for me. 5(2016高考全國乙卷語法填空)The nursery team switc