1、Python練習(xí)筆記1. 簡(jiǎn)單循環(huán)#diceimport randomfor x in range(1,11): throw_1 = random.randint(1,6) throw_2 = random.randint(1,6) total = throw_1 + throw_2 print(total) if total = 7: print(Seven Thrown!) if total = 11: print(Eleven Thrown!) if throw_1 = throw_2: print(Double thrown!) if total = 5 and total = 5 a

2、nd total = 9:這句話還可以這樣寫(xiě)if not (total 9):另外，C里面的|（或）在Python里面是or【注意】print括號(hào)里面引用要打印的字符用單引號(hào)，不是雙引號(hào)；嚴(yán)格按照縮進(jìn)（縮進(jìn)在python里相當(dāng)于C里面的）。#dice_elifimport randomfor x in range(1,11): throw_1 = random.randint(1,6) throw_2 = random.randint(1,6) total = throw_1 + throw_2 print(total)if total 4: print(Bad luck!) elif tot

3、al book_name = Programming Raspberry Pi若直接輸入book_name若輸入print(book_name)#區(qū)別：第一個(gè)輸出一個(gè)字符串（帶引號(hào)），第二個(gè)打印一個(gè)值（不帶引號(hào)）字符串長(zhǎng)度：len(book_name)獲取字符串中指定位置字符：book_name1截取字符串：book_name0:11把字符串加到一起：book_name + by Dolcerena【注意】數(shù)組下標(biāo)參數(shù)用方括號(hào)；首字母的位置從0開(kāi)始；輸入下標(biāo)超出字符串長(zhǎng)度會(huì)報(bào)錯(cuò)；截取時(shí)輸入第二個(gè)數(shù)字“11”，其實(shí)取到字符串的第10個(gè)字符；如果不確定取到哪里，可以12:（或者:12）這樣會(huì)默認(rèn)取

4、到最后（或者開(kāi)頭）。4.列表字符串是字符的列表。 numbers = 123,34,55,321,9給列表numbers賦初值（可以用len()得numbers的長(zhǎng)度：5） numbers1:3取numbers里的2，3項(xiàng) numbers0 = 1將numbers里的第一項(xiàng)用“1”覆蓋 numbers.sort()對(duì)numbers里的值進(jìn)行排序 numbers.pop()移除列表中的一項(xiàng)，若括號(hào)中沒(méi)有聲明移除哪一項(xiàng)，則默認(rèn)移除最后一項(xiàng) numbers.insert(1,66)在列表中增加一項(xiàng)，1代表插入位置，66代表插入內(nèi)容 big_list = 123,hello,inner list,2,

5、True復(fù)合列表，結(jié)構(gòu)如下圖：big_list123“hello”inner list2True思考1：如何取出2？ big_list21（將”big_list2”看做一個(gè)列表，列表后加1取出當(dāng)前列表第二項(xiàng)，即2）思考2：設(shè)計(jì)一個(gè)for循環(huán)，將列表中的項(xiàng)列出來(lái)list = 1,one,111for item in list: print(item)【注意】pop()括號(hào)中的參數(shù)也是從0開(kāi)始，即pop(1)移除列表中第二項(xiàng)；其他也是。5.函數(shù)功能：創(chuàng)造一個(gè)函數(shù)make_polite，讓句子變得禮貌。#functiondef make_polite(sentence): polite_senten

6、ce = sentence + please return polite_sentenceprint(make_polite(pass the book)def：關(guān)鍵詞，后跟函數(shù)名，最后加冒號(hào)return：函數(shù)返回值，不是每個(gè)函數(shù)必須有的小游戲：吊死鬼第一步：從幾個(gè)單詞中挑選一個(gè)作為被猜單詞#hangman_pick_a_wordimport randomwords = period, record,field,object,physicaldef pick_a_word(): word_position = random.randint(0,len(words)-1) return word

7、sword_positionprint(pick_a_word()【這句話用來(lái)測(cè)試是否能夠隨機(jī)選出單詞，測(cè)完需刪掉】lives remaining = 14【全局變量剩余生命值】guessed_letters = 第二步：寫(xiě)出play函數(shù)，再去寫(xiě)play中用到但還沒(méi)有定義的函數(shù)def play(): word = pick_a_word() while True: guess = get_guess(word) if process_guess(guess,word): print(You Win! Well Done!) break if lives_remaining = 0: print

8、(You are Hung!) print(The word was: + word) break第三步：完善get_gusss函數(shù)，實(shí)現(xiàn)讀取玩家輸入字符def get_guess(word): print_word_with_blanks(word) print(Lives Remaining: + str(lives_remaining) guess = input(Guess a letter or whole word?) return guessdef print_word_with_blanks(word): print(print_word_with_blanks(word):n

9、ot done yet)【“還沒(méi)有完成”這只是個(gè)樁函數(shù)，因?yàn)檫€沒(méi)來(lái)得及寫(xiě)】第四步：完善process_guess函數(shù)與print_word函數(shù)def print_word_with_blanks(word): display_word = #空的（沒(méi)有猜中任何一個(gè)字母）# for letter in word:#把輸入的字母與word里的單詞逐個(gè)比較# if guessed_letters.find(letter) -1: #letter found#內(nèi)建函數(shù)find，不同返回-1相同返回字母位置# display_word = display_word +letter else: #lett

10、er not found display_word = display_word + _ print(display_word)def process_guess(guess,word): global lives_remaining global guessed_letters lives_remaining = lives_remaining - 1 guessed_letters = guessed_letters + guess#把猜過(guò)的字母放入guessed_letters# return False第五步：兩個(gè)選擇，輸入一個(gè)字母或整個(gè)單詞把process_guess函數(shù)做大的改動(dòng)d

11、ef process_guess(guess,word): if len(guess) 1: return whole_word_guess(guess,word) else: return single_letter_guess(guess,word)定義單個(gè)字母函數(shù) def single_letter_guess(guess,word): global lives_remaining global guessed_letters if word.find(guess) = -1: #word guess was incorrect lives_remaining = lives_remai

12、ning - 1 guessed_letters = guessed_letters + guess if all_letters_guessed(word):#每次調(diào)用一遍，檢查是否已經(jīng)全部猜中# return Truereturn False def all_letters_guessed(word): for letter in word: if guessed_letters.find(letter) = -1: return False return True與整個(gè)單詞函數(shù)def whole_word_guess(guess,word): global lives_remaining

13、 if guess.lower() = word.lower():#把字母都轉(zhuǎn)化成小寫(xiě)后比較# return True else: lives_remaining = lives_remaining - 1 return False整個(gè)游戲：#hangmanimport randomlives_remaining = 14guessed_letters = words = period, record,field,object,physicaldef pick_a_word(): word_position = random.randint(0,len(words)-1) return wor

14、dsword_positiondef play(): word = pick_a_word() while True: guess = get_guess(word) if process_guess(guess,word): print(You Win! Well Done!) break if lives_remaining = 0: print(You are Hung!) print(The word was: + word) break def get_guess(word): print_word_with_blanks(word) print(Lives Remaining: +

15、 str(lives_remaining) guess = input(Guess a letter or whole word?) return guessdef print_word_with_blanks(word): display_word = for letter in word: if guessed_letters.find(letter) -1: #letter found display_word = display_word + letter else: #letter not found display_word = display_word + _ print(dis

16、play_word)def process_guess(guess,word): if len(guess) 1: return whole_word_guess(guess,word) else: return single_letter_guess(guess,word) def single_letter_guess(guess,word): global lives_remaining global guessed_letters if word.find(guess) = -1: #word guess was incorrect lives_remaining = lives_remaining - 1 guessed_letters = guessed_letters + guess if all_letters_guessed(word): return True return False def all_letters_gu