1、2012年高考英語語法輔導,定語從句,定語從句的基礎知識 如何辨別考題中的定語從句 定語從句方法。,定義：復合句中，修飾、限定后面名詞和代詞的從句，相當于一個形容詞，在句子中起定語作用,概念: He is the boy who often goes to school late. 先行詞 關系詞 定語從句,原則： a.定語從句必須緊緊地跟在先行詞后面， 限制修飾先行詞，翻譯成“的”； b.定語從句必須用關系詞來引導； c.關系詞在定語從句中充當一種句子成分。,關系詞,關系代詞：that, who, whom, whose, which, as,關系副詞：when, where, why,插入

2、成分,修飾限定,補充解釋,能,不能,.的,Teachers who are kind are popular with the students. Mr Wang, who is kind, is popular with the students.,定語從句,The Restrictive Attributive Clause 限制性定語從句,The Non-Restrictive Attributive Clause 非限制性定語從句,逗號 隔開,定語從句,- 修飾名詞,This is a book.,This is my book.,This is an interesting book

3、.,詞 - 定語 - 名詞前 （前置）,This is a book.,I like the book.,這是我喜歡的書。,This is the book I like,the book,.,首選我啊,that,我喜歡我昨天買的書。,I like the book,that,the book,I bought,yesterday.,that - 關系代詞 - 連接定語從句 - 代替從句中的賓語,我昨天買的書很有趣。,The book is interesting.,I bought the book yesterday.,The book I bought,that,the book,這是我

4、放進嘴里的那根手指頭。,This is the finger.,I put the finger into my mouth.,This is the finger I put,that,the finger,你干剛才見到的那個人是我們的物理教師。,The man is our physics teacher.,You met the man just now.,The man you met,that,the man,yesterday,is interesting.,into my mouth.,just now,is our physics teacher.,那個教他們英語的老師是Tom

5、的父親。,The teacher teaches them English.,The teacher is Toms father.,The teacher,the teacher,that,那個站在教室前面的男孩是Tom.,The boy is Tom.,that,that - 關系代詞 - 連接定語從句 - 代替從句中的主語,teaches them English,is standing in the front of the classroom,the boy,is Toms father.,他告訴我的消息是真的。,The news,he told me,the news,that,他

6、們住的房子很小。,The house,they live in,the house,that,關系代詞,that,主語、賓語,人、物,who,主語、賓語,人,whom,人,賓語,which,主語、賓語,物,小結,is true.,is small.,句子 - 定語 - 名詞后 （后置）,Whose - 關系代詞 - 連接定語從句 - 代替從句中的定語,He lived in the house whose windows face south.,人的、物的,1. who/whom/that作賓語可省略,2. 如介詞提前只能用whom不能用who且不能省略,The man (whom/who/t

7、hat) I spoke to is Mr. Li.,The man to whom I spoke is Professor Li. to who/that,This is the mountain (that/which) I told you about.,1. that /which指物，作賓語可省略,2. 介詞提前時只能用which 不能用that 且不能省略。,I visited the factory last year.,這是我去年參觀的工廠。,This is the factory,I visited,the factory,that,I worked the factory

8、 last year.,錯,I worked in the factory last year.,這是我去年工作的工廠。,This is the factory I worked,in,This is the factory I worked last year.,where,這是他住的房子。,This is the house,that he lives in.,This is the house,where he lives.,the factory,that,last year.,last year.,I joined the League on June 1.,我仍然記得（我）入團的那

9、一天。,I still remember the day,I joined the League.,when,I still remember the day I met him.,when,我仍然記得見到他的那一天。,我忘不了我們一起度過的那段時光。,1.I will never forget the time _ we spent together.,我忘不了我們一起工作的那段時光。,2.I will never forget the time _ we worked together.,( A. that B. which C. when ),that,when,the time,dur

10、ing the time,這是他們去年建的旅館。,This is the hotel they built last year.,that,這是他們去年住的旅館。,This is the hotel they stayed at last year.,that,( A. which B. that C. where ),This is the hotel they stayed last year.,where,He went back to the town he was born.,where,The place we spent our holidays was really beaut

11、iful.,where,他回到出生的城鎮(zhèn)。,我們度假的地方很美。,小結,when - 連接定語從句 - 代替從句中的時間狀語,where - 連接定語從句 - 代替從句中的地點狀語,why - 連接定語從句 - 代替從句中的原因狀語,This is the reason why he came late.,which 有時代替的是整個句子的意思，放在主句后面。,He came late, which made the manager very angry.,as可代表整個句子的意思。可放在主句之前，也可放 在主句之后。,He studies very hard, as we all know.

12、,As is known to all, he is the best student in our class.,關系副詞,唯“我”獨尊,that,You must do everything _ I do.,先行詞是不定代詞all, few, little, much, everything, something, nothing, anything等。,2) 先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級修飾。,3) 先行詞被the only, the very 修飾。,4) 先行詞既有人又有物。,I have lost the pen,_ I liked very much.,非“我”莫屬,which,

13、1) 非限定性定語從句一般用逗號把主，從句分開。,2) 介詞后面。,This is our school, in front of which grow many trees.,1.This is all_I know about the matter. A.that B.what C.who D.whether 2Is there anything else_you want? A.which B.that C.who D.what 3.The last place _we visited was the Great Wall. A.which B.that C.where D.it,4.

14、Please take the second chair_is over there. A. where B. which C. who D. that,5.Is oxygen the only gas_ helps fire burn? A.that B./ C.which D.it,6.Finally, the thief handed everything _ he had stolen to the police（NMET98) A. which B. what C. whatever D. that,介詞+關系代詞,1.指人:_ 指物:_,2.選擇恰當?shù)慕樵~,whom,which,F

15、ill in the blanks with proper prepositions: 1. The student _ whom we were talking just now is the best student in our class. 2. Ill never forget the day _ which she said good-bye to me. 3. Who can give me the reason _which he hasnt arrived yet?,about,on,for,talk about,on the day,for the reason,補全法,1

16、.介詞與定語從句中的動詞 詞成搭配,2.介詞與先行詞形成搭配,1.Do you know who lives in the building_there is a well（井）? A.in front of it B. in front of whose C.in front of which D.in front which 2.Jeanne was her old friend,_she borrowed a necklace. A.from who B.from whom C.to that D.to whom 3.The Second World War_millions of pe

17、ople were killed ended in 1945. A.in which B.in that C.where D.on which 4.Alec asked the policeman_ he worked to contact him when there was an accident.(上海02 ) A.with him B.who C.with whom D.whom,1.Have you visited the house _ the famous writer was born. A.in that B.where C.when D.on which,2.Do you

18、still remember the day _ we first met? A.that B.on that C.where D.when,3.I shall never forget those days _I lived in the country with the farmers.(上海94) A.that. B.when. C.which. D.when.,一、正確選擇定語從句的引導詞,1、關系代詞和關系副詞的基本用法,從句中作主語、賓語、定語,that,which,who,whom,whose,as-關系代詞,從句中作狀語（時間、地點、原因）,when, where, why-關

19、系副詞,2、以 that 引導的定語從句,二、考查非限制性定語從句及which在非限制性 定語從 句中的應用,(1)The weather turned out to be good, _ was more than we could expect. A.what B.it C.which D.that,(2)I have many friends, _ some are business men.(2005全國) A.of them B.from which C.who of D.of whom,三、考查as在定語從句中的用法及其與which 的 區(qū)別,1、as 引導非限制性定語從句,(1)

20、_ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month. A.It B.As C.That D.What,(2)_ is mentioned above, the number of the students in senior high schools is increasing. A.Which B.As C.That D.It,注意：as 有“正如”、“就象”之意，而which則沒有。 as引導的從句可以放在主句之前、之后、插 在主句中，而which引導的從句不能放在句首。,常用的這種類似插入語

21、的句式有：,as is said = it is said that as we expected as is known to all as we planed as often happens as we all can see as is reported in the newspaper as is shown in Picture 2 as may be imagined,2、as引導限制性定語從句,構成suchas, the sameas , as as,soas等結構。,(1) He lives in the same building as we do.,(2) I shall

22、 do it in the same way as you do.,(3) These houses are sold at such a low price _people expected. A.like B.as C.that D.which,注意：suchas 與suchthat的區(qū)別,注意：the sameas與the samethat的區(qū)別。,This is the same watch as I lost yesterday.,the sameas指的是類似物,This is the same watch that I lost yesterday.,the samethat指的

23、是同一物。,（1）There are two boys in Peters，both of _are white （2）There are two boys in Peters，and both of _ are white,（1）This kind of plant grows best at the places _ it is warm and wet （2）This kind of plant grows best _ it is warm and wet,（1）John is one of the students who_ English （2）John is the only o

24、ne of the students who _ English （3）One of the students _ English。,定語從句易混淆句型訓練,in which,know,knows,knows,where,whom,them,1.Ill never forget the days_ we worked together. 2.Ill never forget the days _ we spent together. 3.I went to the place I worked ten years ago. 4.I went to the place _ I visited t

25、en years ago. 5.This is the reason _ he was late. 6.This is the reason _ he gave.,when /in which,which,where/ in which,which,why/ for which,that/which,幾種易混的情況,及物動詞,及物動詞,及物動詞,一、考查“介詞+關系代詞”的用法,(1)In the dark street, there wasnt a single person _ she could turn for help. A.that B.who C.for whom D.to wh

26、om,(2)In the office I never seem to have time until after 5:30, _ many people have gone home. A.whose B.that C.on which D.by which time,二、考查帶有“插入語”的定語從句,(1) He made another wonderful discovery, _ of great importance to science. A.which I think is B.which I think it is C.which I think it D.I think wh

27、ich is,三、考查固定搭配中賓語提前的定語從句,(1)Your family are really very kind. Ill never forget the _ youve done me. A.favour B.kindness C.help D.deed,(2)The _ he took to gather materials for us moved us a lot. A.problem B.difficulty C.trouble D.effort,(3)Thats the best way we could think of _ the dying worker. A.s

28、ave B.saved C.saving D.to save,(4)You cant imagine the great trouble we have had _ this flat for you. A.carry out B.carrying out C.carried out D.to carry out,(5)I lay in sofa, enjoying the beautiful music Tom had _ out of his DVD. A.come B.it come C.coming D.it coming,四、考查考生的抗干擾能力(謂語或動詞形式）,(1)With e

29、verything she needed _, she went home happily. A.buy B.bought C.buying D.to buy,(2)Im examining the composition he has just finished _ any possible mistakes in it. A.correct B.corrected C.correcting D.to correct,(3)The person Dr Johnson is speaking to _ us a talk on computers yesterday. A.give B.gav

30、e C.giving D.given,(4)The day we have long been looking forward to _ at last. A.come B.came C.coming D.has come,(5)The student whos been referred to _ forward to going abroad for further education. A.look B.looks C.looking D.having looked,(6)Lincolns stepmother did every she could _ get him more boo

31、ks. A.help B.helped C.helping D.to help,(7)The place I used to go _ just right for a picnic A.is B.was C.to be D.to is,(8)My parents love me dearly of course and will do all they can _ sure that I get a good education. A.make B.made C.making D.to make,(9)Mr. Reed made up his mind to devote all he ha

32、d to _ some schools for poor children. A.set up B.setting up C.have set up D.having set up,(10)His uncle, though not very rich, spent all he had _ him a new computer. A.bought B.buying C.to buy D.to have bought,五、考查定語從句與其他相關句型的區(qū)別,1、考查定語從句與并列句的區(qū)別,She thought I was talking about her daughter, _, in fa

33、ct, I was talking about my daughter. A.whom B.where C.which D.while,2、考查定語從句與狀語從句的區(qū)別,3、考查定語從句與名詞性從句的區(qū)別,4、考查定語從句與強調句的區(qū)別,六、全國2004-2005年各地市高考題練習,(1)-Why does she always ask you for help? -There is no one else _, is there? (北京05) A.who to turn to B.she can turn to C.for whom to turn D.for her to turn,(2

34、)Last month, part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods, from _ effects the people still suffering.(天津05) A.that B.whose C.those D.what,(3).I walked in the garden, _ Tom and Jim were tying a big sign onto one of the trees.(遼寧05) A.which B.when C.where D.that,(4).Jim passed the driving test, _ surpr

35、ised everybody in the office.(浙江05) A.which B.that C.this D.it,(5)-Is that the small town you often offer to? -Right, just the one _ you know I used to work for years.(福建05) A.that B.which C.where D.what,(7)The students themselves admit that not all child will be successful in the jobs _ they are being trained.(江西05) A.in that B.for that C.in which D.for which,(6)Mark was a student at this university from 1999 to 2003, _ he studied hard and was