1、a,1,Natural Disaster,Earthquake Volcano eruption Typhoon Forest fire Tsunami Plague,a,2,Earthquake,a,3,How Harmful Earthquake is?,2008 5.12 Wenchuan Earthquake,magnitude 8.0 More than 69000 died 18000 disappeared Direct economy lost: 845 billion,a,4,2011 3.14 Japan Earthquake,magnitude 9.0 More than

2、 14,000 died 10,000 disappeared More than 11,000 become homeless Nuclear leak(核泄漏),a,5,Basic Knowledge about Earthquake,Earthquake：result of a sudden release of energy in the Earth Crust(地殼) that creates seismic waves(地震波). Measured by energy it released, Richter magnitude scale（里氏地震級）.,a,6,Types of

3、 Earthquake,Fault(斷層) types : normal, reverse (thrust) and strike-slip,Depth of earthquake occurring: Shallow-focus(less than 70km) mid-focus(70-300km) deep-focus (300 to 700km),a,7,Shaking and ground rupture Landslides and avalanches（山體滑坡、雪崩） Fires Soil liquefaction（地陷） Tsunami（海嘯） Floods,Effects o

4、f Earthquake,a,8,Earthquake safety tips,If you are indoors：stay there. Quickly move to a safe location in the room such as under a strong desk, a strong table, or along an interior wall. If you are cooking： turn off the stove and take cover. If you are outdoors：move to an open area If you are drivin

5、g：slow down smoothly and stop on the side of the road,a,9,Thanks ！,a,10,Volcano eruption,a,11,The Word Volcano,The word volcano comes from the Roman god of fire, Vulcan.,Structure of volcano,單擊此處添加內容,Types of Volcanoes,單擊此處添加內容,單擊此處添加標題,單擊此處添加內容,單擊此處添加標題,單擊此處添加內容,Below: Mount Kilauea, Hawaii,Cinder

6、Volcanoes,單擊此處添加內容,Composite Volcanoes,單擊此處添加內容,Volcano Hazards,單擊此處添加內容,Volcano benefits,黑曜石、浮石,熔巖中的氣體嗝,火山溫泉,羊八井地熱站,Volcano in China,單擊此處添加內容,云南騰沖火山國家地質公園,長白山天池火山,臺灣龜山島火山,海南瓊北火山,Volcano in universe,Question: What is the biggest (shield) volcano in our Solar System? Answer: Olympus Mons (on planet M

7、ars),珠穆朗瑪峰和Olympus Mons規(guī)模比較,Volcano in universe,珠穆朗瑪峰和Olympus Mons規(guī)模比較,THANK YOU !,a,25,Typhone,a,26,Typhoon,a,27,The Name of Typhoon,Typhoon is from Greek word (typhein), meaning to smoke. In Greek mythology,typhein is Gaias son, which is a Monster with one hundred heads.,a,28,Different calls,There

8、 are many calls of “Typhoon” in different places. Western North Pacific and South China Sea called Typhoon . Western Atlantic, Caribbean, Gulf of Mexico and the eastern North Pacific called Hurricanes Indian Ocean Cyclone . Philippines called Baguio. Australian aborigines called the typhoon Willy-Wi

9、lly.,a,29,The Form of Typhoon,Six main requirements for typhoon formation and development: sufficiently warm sea surface temperatures atmospheric instability high humidity in the lower to middle levels of the troposphere enough Coriolis force to develop a low pressure center a pre-existing low level

10、 focus or disturbance low vertical wind shear.,a,30,Peak Monthes and the Landing Area,The typhoons of China mostly come from the northwestern Pacific ocean. The landing time mostly from July to November.The earlist one would land in May, while the last one ofen occurs in December. The landing area i

11、s almost throughout the entire coastal area of China,especilly in Southeast China.Guangdong is a coastal region with the highest number of typhoon, followed by Taiwan, Hainan, Fujian and Zhejiang.,a,31,The Destruction from Typhoon,a,32,a,33,a,34,a,35,a,36,The Destruction from Typhoon,Cause waterlogg

12、ing and flooding Traffic gridlock Inundated farmland, grain reduction in production or crops Destruction of the power supply system, resulting in power outages Destruction of urban green system,a,37,Name,10 typhoon names presented by the Chinese: Dragon King, ( Sun) monkey, rabbit, petrels, Aeolus,

13、Poseidon, Rhododendron, electric mother, hippocampus ,begonia. 龍王、（孫）悟空、玉兔、海燕、風神、海神、杜鵑、電母、海馬、海棠 These names show few disaster meanings.On the contrast,most of then are with meaning of civilization and peace, such as jasmine, rose, pearls, lotus, clouds and so on. When the typhoon makes serious damag

14、e in some areas, the country or region can present a new name instead.,a,38,Forest Fire,a,39,Forest Fire,a,40,Types of forest fire,surface fire (地表火) canopy fire (林冠火) subsurface fire (地下火),a,41,Factors coexist in forest fire,combustibles (可燃物 ) ignition sources (火源 ) oxygen,natural man-made,organic

15、 material,not less than 18%,volcanic eruption,lightning fire,a,42,Related factors,weather terrains (地形),sunny slope(陽坡) steep hill（陡坡） forest land（林地）,high temperature continuous drought strong winds,a,43,Regularity of outbreak,periodical （周期性）,annual（dry years） seasonal (winter) daily (midday ),a,4

16、4,Influence and prevention,air environment ecological system social stability,monitoring technology satellite remote sensing mans consciousness,a,45,Tsunami,a,46,Tsunami,What is “tsunami”? The great waves “tsunami” is a series of traveling ocean waves of extremely long length generated by earthquake

17、s occurring blow or near the ocean , submarine landslides and eruptions.,a,47,Damage,A Pacific-wide tsunami generated by the 1960 Chile Earthquake . The Great Alaskan Earthquake of 1964 produced deadly tsunami waves in Alaska, Oregon and California.,a,48,in 1992 and 1993 over 2,000 people were kille

18、d by tsunamis occurring in Nicaragua, Indonesia and Japan. 2004 Indian Ocean tsunamithe, killing around 230,000 people.,a,49,a,50,a,51,a,52,a,53,a,54,a,55,What Cause Tsunamis?,earthquakes submarine landslides submarine volcanic eruptions a large meteorite（隕石） impact in the ocean underwater volcanic

19、eruption and landslides,a,56,Tsunami Warning Centers,The Alaska Tsunami Warning Center (ATWC) in Palmer, Alaska. The Pacific Tsunami Warning Center (PTWC) in Ewa Beach, Hawaii. The Pacific Tsunami Warning System (PTWS). Other National tsunami warning centers.,a,57,What You Should Do?,Follow the advi

20、ce of teachers and other school personnel.(in school) Move in the evacuation site or to any safe place . Follow the advice of local emergency and law enforcement authorities.(at home) Move immediately to higher ground. DO NOT wait for a tsunami warning to be announced. (at the beach or near the ocea

21、n),a,58,Tips,Should not let this natural hazard diminish your enjoyment of the beach and ocean.,a,59,The end,Thank you,a,60,Plague,a,61,a,62,a,63,Plague(瘟疫) is an epidemic (傳染病）of infectious disease that is spreading through human popula-tions across a large region; for instance multiple continents

22、, or even worldwide. A widespread endemic disease that is stable in terms of how many people are getting sick from it is not a pandemic.,a,64,The emergence of the epidemic shall meet the following conditions:,1. A new pathogen appears in the crowd. 2.The pathogen cause infection and serious medical

23、problems. 3.The pathogens is Infectious, particularly among humans.,a,65,Pandemics and notable epidemics through history,1、Plague of Athens 430 BC. Typhoid fever killed a quarter of the Athenian troops, and a quarter of the population over four years.,a,66,2、Plague of Justinian from 541 to 750, was

24、the first recorded outbreak of the bubonic plague. It caused Europes population to drop by around 50% between 550 and 700 million.,a,67,3、Black Death started 14th century. The total number of deaths worldwide is estimated at 75 million people. It was the first of a cycle of European plague epidemics

25、 that continued until the 18th century.,a,68,4、Smallpox,The disease killed an estimated 40 million Euro-peans per year during the closing years of the 18th century. During the 20th century, it is estimated that smallpox was responsible for 300500 million deaths.,a,69,4、Smallpox,The disease killed an

26、 estimated 40 million Euro-peans per year during the closing years of the 18th century. During the 20th century, it is estimated that smallpox was responsible for 300500 million deaths.,a,70,Current pandemics,HIV and AIDS,HIV ,the virus that causes AIDS, is currently a pandemic. It spread to the United States and much of the rest of the world beginning around 1969.,a,71,SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome),Between November 2002 a