1、英語句子成分和英語句子結(jié)構(gòu)講解及練習(xí)清華大學(xué)英語系測(cè)試：為中學(xué)英語量身定做.官方網(wǎng)站：/ 清華大學(xué)英語教授50年研究成果英語句子成分和英語句子結(jié)構(gòu)講解及練習(xí)1. 主語（subject）：句子說明的人或事物。The sun rises in the east （名詞） He likes dancing. （代詞）Twenty years is a short time in history. (數(shù)詞) Seeing is believing. （動(dòng)名詞）To see is to believe.（不定式） What he needs is a boo

2、k.（主語從句）It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.（It形式主語，主語從句是真正主語）(一）指出下列句中主語的中心詞 The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom. There is an old man coming here. The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year. To do todays homework without the te

3、achers help is very difficult.2. 謂語（predicate）：是對(duì)主語加以陳述，表示主語的行為或狀態(tài)，常用動(dòng)詞或者動(dòng)詞詞組擔(dān)任，放在主語的后面。We study English. He is asleep.(二). 選出句中謂語的中心詞 I dont like the picture on the wall. A. dont B. like C. picture D. wall The days get longer and longer when summer comes. A. get B. longer C. days D. summer Do you u

4、sually go to school by bus? A. Do B. usually C. go D. bus There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.A. will be B. meeting C. the library D. afternoon Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast? A. Did B. twins C. have D. breakfast3. 表語（predicative）：系動(dòng)詞之后的成分，表示主語的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)和特征。 He is a te

5、acher. （名詞） Seventy-four! You dont look it. （代詞）Five and five is ten. （數(shù)詞） He is asleep. （形容詞）His father is in.（副詞） The picture is on the wall. (介詞短語)My watch is gone / missing / lost. （形容詞化的分詞）The question is whether they will come. （表語從句）（常見的系動(dòng)詞有: be, sound（聽起來）, look（看起來）, feel(摸起來，smell（聞起來）, ta

6、ste（嘗、吃起來）, remain（保持，仍是）, feel（感覺） It sounds a good idea. The sound sounds strange.Her voice sounds sweet. Tom looks thin.The food smells delicious. The food tastes good.The door remains open. Now I feel tired.(三) 挑出下列句中的表語 The old man was feeling very tired. Why is he worried about Jim? The leaves

7、 have turned yellow. Soon They all became interested in the subject. She was the first to learn about it.4. 賓語：1）動(dòng)賓表示行為的對(duì)象，常由名詞或者代詞擔(dān)任。放在及物動(dòng)詞或者介詞之后。如：I like China. （名詞） He hates you. （代詞）How many do you need? We need two. （數(shù)詞）I enjoy working with you. （動(dòng)名詞）I hope to see you again. （不定式） Did you write

8、 down what he said? （賓語從句） 2）介詞后的名詞、代詞和動(dòng)名詞-介賓Are you afraid of the snake? Under the snow, there are many rocks. 3）雙賓語-間賓（指人）和直賓（指物）He gave me a book yesterday. Give the poor man some money.(四) 挑出下列句中的賓語 My brother hasnt done his homework. People all over the world speak English. You must pay good at

9、tention to your pronunciation. How many new words did you learn last class? Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you?5. 賓補(bǔ)：對(duì)賓語的補(bǔ)充，全稱為賓語補(bǔ)足語。We elected him monitor. （名詞） We all think it a pity that she didnt come here. （名詞）We will make them happy. （形容詞） We found nobody in.

10、 ( 副詞 )Please make yourself at home. （介詞短語） Dont let him do that. （省to不定式）His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. （帶to不定式）Dont keep the lights burning. （現(xiàn)在分詞） Ill have my bike repaired. （過去分詞）(五) 挑出下列句中的賓語補(bǔ)足語 She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room. He

11、asked her to take the boy out of school. She found it difficult to do the work. They call me Lily sometimes. I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus. Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now?6. 定語：修飾或限制名詞或代詞的詞、詞組或句子。Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher.（名詞） He is our friend. （代詞）We belong

12、to the third world.（數(shù)詞） He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.（形容詞）The man over there is my old friend.(副詞)The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. (介詞)The boys playing football are in Class 2. （現(xiàn)在分詞）The trees planted last year are growing well now. （過去分詞）I have an idea to do it well.

13、（不定式） You should do everything that I do. （定語從句）(六) 挑出下列句中的定語 They use Mr., Mrs. with the family name. What is your given name? On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3. I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor. The man downstairs was trying to sleep.7. 狀語：用來修飾v., adj., adv., or 句子。表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、

14、原因、目的、結(jié)果、程度、條件、方式和讓步。（以下例句按上述順序排列）I will go there tomorrow. The meeting will be held in the meeting room.The meat went bad because of the hot weather. He studies hard to learn English well.He didnt study hard so that he failed in the exam. I like some of you very much.If you study hard, you will pas

15、s the exam. He goes to school by bike.Though he is young, he can do it well.(七) 挑出下列句中的狀語 There was a big smile on her face. Every night he heard the noise upstairs. He began to learn English when he was eleven. The man on the motorbike was travelling too fast. With the medicine box under her arm, M

16、iss Li hurried off.(八) 劃出句中的直接賓語和間接賓語 Please tell us a story. My father bought a new bike for me last week. Mr. Li is going to teach us history next term. Here is a pen. Give it to Tom. Did he leave any message for me?參 考 答 案(一) teacher man dictionary To do(二) B A C A C(三) tired worried yellow inter

17、ested first(四) his homework English your pronunciation new words to go swimming(五) to read newspapers and books in the reading-room to take the boy out of school Lily get on the bus playing football on the playground(六) family given third some downstairs(七) on the face Every night when he was eleven

18、 fast off(八) us, 間接賓語 a story, 直接賓語 me, 間接賓語 a new bike, 直接賓語 us, 間接賓語 history, 直接賓語 Tom, 間接賓語 it, 直接賓語 me, 間接賓語 message, 直接賓語清華大學(xué)英語系測(cè)試：為中小學(xué)生英語量身定做.官方網(wǎng)站：/ 清華大學(xué)英語教授50年研究成果2008中考作文匯集（1）My spare time In my spare time, I always listen to music, read books and watch TV. But I like

19、reading books best. Books can give me much knowledge. As we all know, “Reading makes a full man”. Since I have too much homework to do every day, it is interesting and relaxing to read books in my spare time. Some books are so funny that they can make me happy. I always go to book stores to buy diff

20、erent books. In short, books are my friends forever.(2) My favourite star My favourite star is Zhou Jielun. He was born with a good voice. He can sing well and he can write songs for some famous singers as well. When I feel unhappy, I often listen to his songs for they can bring me happiness. That i

21、s why I like him best. As we all know, “Rome was not built in a day.” He has a great success because of his hard work. In a word, I should study hard in order to achieve my ambition. (3) The care from my parents( 來自父母的關(guān)愛) I love my parents very much. When I am ill, they always take good care of me.

22、When I am in trouble, they often help me. When I am unhappy, they usually talk with me. If I meet with difficulties in study, they will teach me how to deal with the problems. Besides, I know “An idle youth, a needy age” with the help of my parents. I thank them for all the care from them. Thus, I s

23、hould study hard in return for their love.(4) Sports and our life Sports are becoming more and more popular. They are important as well as exciting in our life. They can also make us healthy as “Health is above wealth”. If you are good at sports, you will find yourself healthy and active. I like swi

24、mming very much. I always go swimming with my father at the weekend. So I am seldom ill. Besides, swimming makes me happy and relaxed. (5) My dream for 2010 As a Shanghai citizen, I am glad to tell you that Shanghai will be a more beautiful and modern international city in 2010. I will be a universi

25、ty student at that time. Whats more, to our great joy, Shanghai will hold World Expo 2010 and Id like to do something for it. Ill show foreigners around Shanghai. As the saying goes, “Action speaks louder than words.” Now I must study hard at English so as to make my dream come true.(6) My viewpoint

26、 on the Internet Its common knowledge that the Internet is becoming more and more popular in our daily life. It can give us much information, news as well as knowledge. “Knowledge is power”. I usually search for information on the internet. When I meet with difficulty in my study, it can help me sol

27、ve it. Besides, I can also read some interesting stories, see films and listen to music on it. In short, I like Internet very much. It is my best friend.(7) My future (I want to be) When I grow up, I want to be a doctor. A doctor can make sick people feel better and save peoples lives. So its a very

28、 important job. I hope that in the future I can be a great doctor like Dr Bethune. But to be a doctor is not very easy. As the saying goes, “Where there is a will, there is a way.” Now I am studying much harder than before in order to realize my dream. (8) How to keep healthy / fit?Health is above w

29、ealth. It is the most important thing in our life. I think the best way to keep fit is to live a regular life, have a healthy diet and take an active part in sports .We should spend enough time sleeping, eat more vegetables and fruits every day. Dont smoke or eat bad food. Whats more, we should ofte

30、n go swimming, do some running, play badminton. In a word, we must keep fit and live a happy life.(9) Is a family teacher necessary?In my opinion, it is necessary for us to have family teachers. First, some of the students cant study well at school, so their family teachers will help them at weekend

31、s. Second, when we are in trouble, they will help us in time. Third, as knowledge is power, we can learn more knowledge from the family teachers, and they will give us some effective ways to study as well. I have made great progress in my study with the help of the family teachers. In a word, family

32、 teachers are necessary.(10) A lesson of my mistake(一次錯(cuò)誤的教訓(xùn))/A problem Ive ever had.（我曾遇到過的一個(gè)困難）Last Sunday I told a lie to my best friend. She was so angry that she didnt want to see me again. I felt very sorry when I realized my fault. As we all know, “A friend in need is a friend indeed”. I have

33、learnt how important friends are. In a word, I dont want to lose such a good friend forever and wont tell a lie any longer.(11) The heavy snow last year Last year, there was a heavy snow in China. In my opinion, snow is very lovely. But the heavy snow last year was so terrible that it made us feel c

34、old and lonely. I heard lots of people couldnt go back to their hometown during the Spring Festival because of the heavy snow. Maybe they were upset for this. Besides, I think we should help others at that time. As the saying goes, “Action speaks louder than words.” We should give others warmth when

35、 it snowed hard. In short, we must be strong and brave when we are facing the difficulties.(12) My unforgettable childhoodEveryone has his childhood. Ive an unforgettable childhood. As I began to learn writing and reading, my mother taught me to play the piano. At the beginning, I found it very diff

36、icult to sit for a whole morning, playing the piano. But little by little, I learned to face all the difficulties. As the saying goes, “As the tree, so the fruit.” Although all the other children of my age had more time for fun than I, I can play the piano very well now and have got many prizes at s

37、chool. Therefore, I am very grateful to my mother when I think of my unforgettable childhood.(13) After the earthquake. There happened a terrible earthquake in Sichuan, China, on May 12th, 2008. Im very sad to know that more than 60 thousand people died from the earthquake. Whats more, thousands of

38、people lost their homes and got seriously injured. However, people all over China and the world were ready to give a hand to the refugees in Sichuan as soon as they learned about it. As the saying goes, “Many hands make light work.” We Chinese people should unite together to fight against such a hea

39、vy disaster. I believe“There is kindness to be found everywhere.” After all, “Blood is thicker than water.” We are a big family.(14) Is it necessary to learn to do the housework? In my opinion, its necessary for us to learn to do the housework. Since we have grown up, we must depend on ourselves. Be

40、sides, we can get much experience when we do our housework. Id like to learn to cook best because I can help my mother in the kitchen. Whats more, if I live alone some day, I can take care of myself and make my life better. As the saying goes, “Experience is the mother of wisdom.” In a word, I think

41、 everyone should learn to do the housework.(15) What should we do for the 2008 Olympic Games? The Olympic Games are coming soon. We can learn more about the games from newspapers, radios, or even by Internet. If we want to be more helpful, we should study English hard in order to help the visitors d

42、uring the games. Whats more, we must learn to be friendly and polite to others. As the saying goes, “Where there is a will, there is a way.” Im sure that our country will hold the Olympic Games successfully. (16) Catch the thiefOne day on my to a bookstore, I found there were so many people in the s

43、treets. All the stores were full of customers. Suddenly I heard someone shout, “Thief! Catch the thief!” A man hurried out of a store with a wallet in his hand. A young woman shouted behind him. I knew he was the thief. I ran after him with many other people at once. As the saying goes, “Many hands

44、make light work.” Soon we ran close to him and found him even with a knife. However, we managed to catch the thief at last.(17) Smoking is harmful to healthSmoking is bad for peoples health. It can bring many illnesses to people. Thousands of smokers in the world die of lung cancer every year. When

45、people smoke, the air around is polluted, too. Now more and more people all over the world have given up smoking. As the saying goes, “Where there is a will, there is a way.” We are the future builders of our country. I believe those smokers will give it up as soon as possible.(18) Four years school

46、 lifeHow fast time flies! We spent four years studying in the junior middle school. We were all very curious at the beginning of the new school life. However, we soon made many new friends. Three years later, we become students of Grade Nine now. Our lessons become more and more difficult, but it do

47、esnt matter. We are still happy. As we all know, “As the tree, so the fruit.” We have got much knowledge from our teachers, also the friendship from our good friends as well as much happiness from four years school life.清華大學(xué)英語系測(cè)試：為中小學(xué)生英語量身定做.官方網(wǎng)站：/ 清華大學(xué)英語教授50年研究成果The u_ means

48、the earth, the sun, the moon and the stars and the space b_ them. Many of the stars are so f_ away that we can not see them. The moon, our satellite, travels a_ the earth. It has already been visited b_ man from the earth. Man-made satellites have been sent up i_ space by many countries. They go rou

49、nd the earth. They are used for helping us to learn more a_ the earth, the weather and other things. They are also used for sending and r_ messages. It makes people f_ different countries understand each other much better. So people say the world itself is becoming a much s_ place. People call the s

50、mall place “the global village ”.1. _ 2. _ 3. _ 4. _ 5. _ 6. _ 7. _ 8. _ 9. _ 10. _Do you know Mexico?It is to the s_part of USA.Its not a d_country.The population of it is much smaller than t_of America.It rains l_in Mexico.Different kinds of people live t_.All the people do not speak the same lang

51、uage.Spanish is spoken by m_ people,and Indian is spoken,too.Some people canalso speak English.Great differences are found between the m_cities and the countryside.New ways of l_ are popular in the cities,while the old ways of farming and v_life are also common in the countryside.More and more peopl

52、e come to live and work in the cities every year.Many people around the world are b_ to visit MexicoOn the other hand ,l_to swim can be hard bcause you must practise a lot .You need to spend lots of hours inthe water before you learn to swim well . swiming can something be tiring For example good sw

53、immers to p_themselves to do their best However it is worth it in the end .All in all a_ swiming can be hard work .I think it is a great way of exercing for eveyone It is an e_sport for all the family form chilred to grandparentsOne afternoon just before Christmas, an old kind man was walking in the

54、 street when he saw a little boy c in front of a beautiful shop window.The old man a why he was crying there. The little boy said that he had lost the ten dollars given by his mother. When the old man h this, he put his hand into his pocket and took o a small wallet(錢夾) and gave him w was inside.The

55、 little boy t him and stopped crying and smiled. The old man walked away.An hour later, the old man was returning home by the same route(路線). To his surprise, he saw the same boy at the s place. He went up to him and asked if he had lost his money a . The little boy said that he had found the l ten dollars. He was waiting for him there. He wanted to g back the ten dollars to him.It w