1、高考英語(yǔ)短文改錯(cuò)介詞考點(diǎn) 介詞是一種用來(lái)表示詞與詞、詞與句之間的關(guān)系的虛詞，在句中不能單獨(dú)作句子成分。介詞后面一般有名詞、代詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的其他詞類，短語(yǔ)或從句作它的賓語(yǔ)。介詞和它的賓語(yǔ)構(gòu)成介詞詞組，在句中作狀語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。介詞可分為時(shí)間介詞、地點(diǎn)介詞、方式介詞、原因介詞和其他介詞。Nothing in the world could live without air or water.(狀語(yǔ))This machine is in good condition.(表語(yǔ))Where is the key to my bike?(定語(yǔ))She always thinks hersel

2、f above others.（賓補(bǔ)）一、介詞的分類（1）從用法分類介詞類型例詞例句表示方位at, before, behind, below, etc.There must be something behind it.表示時(shí)間about, after, at, before, by, etc. He came home after 3 days. 表示原因、目的for, with, from, etc. He died from cancer. 表示對(duì)于to, for, over, at, with, etc.The book is really difficult for me. 表示手

3、段、方式by, in, with, etc.I will defend the motherland with my life. 表示除去but, besides, except, etc.We all went to the supermarket except Tom. 表示比較as, like, above, over, than, etc. They united as one man. 表示結(jié)果to, with, without, etc. Man cant live without water. （2）從結(jié)構(gòu)分類介詞分類構(gòu)成例詞簡(jiǎn)單介詞只有單獨(dú)一個(gè)詞的介詞after, at, on

4、, in, during, since, till, across, over, through, past, near, to, above, by, for, down, from, of, off, behind, below, beneath, beside, between, beyond, up, with, about, against, along, among, around, etc. 復(fù)合介詞由兩個(gè)單詞合成的介詞 into, inside, onto, outside, throughout, towards, upon, within, without, etc. 短語(yǔ)

5、介詞 形容詞，分詞或副詞+介詞 according to, away from, down to, inside of, near to, opposite to, owing to, etc. 連詞+介詞 as for, as to, because of, etc. 介詞+介詞(又稱雙重介詞) from among, from behind, from under, till after, in between, etc. 介詞+名詞+介詞 by means of, in front of, in spite of, on account of, with regard to, etc.

6、其他thanks to, etc.由其他詞類轉(zhuǎn)用 分詞 concerning, considering, including, regarding, etc. 形容詞或副詞 like, near, opposite, round, next, etc. 連詞than, but(除之外), etc.名詞despite(不顧；不管), etc.【考點(diǎn)一】考查with/without復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu) 介詞with/without+名詞/代詞+形容詞/副詞/介詞短語(yǔ)/動(dòng)詞不定式/分詞（分詞可以是現(xiàn)在分詞，也可以是過(guò)去分詞）在句中表狀態(tài)或說(shuō)明背景情況，常作伴隨、方式、原因、條件等狀語(yǔ)。With all the

7、things she needed bought, she went home happily.Possibly this person died without anyone knowing where the coins were hidden.單項(xiàng)填空It was a pity that the great writer died _ his works unfinished. A. for B. with C. from D. of解析：選B。考查with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。works 與unfinish之間為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，所以用過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)。如果名詞或代詞與后面的動(dòng)詞是主謂關(guān)系，則用現(xiàn)在分詞表

8、示主動(dòng)?！究键c(diǎn)二】考查工具、手段、方式介詞（1）by, in, on三詞都可表示旅行的方式不涉及交通工具的名詞時(shí)用by，名詞前不加冠詞。如by sea, by water, by land, by rail, by air等。涉及交通工具的名詞時(shí)用by，名詞須用單數(shù)形式，前面不加冠詞或任何修飾語(yǔ)。如by bike, by taxi, by plane, by ship/boat, by train, by spaceship等。當(dāng)旅行方式涉及確定特指的交通工具時(shí)，用on或in，名詞前加冠詞、物主代詞、指示代詞等修飾語(yǔ)。如travel to New York in this plane，leav

9、e on an early train，go to school on my bike等。注意：步行、騎馬、騎駱駝均用on。如on foot，on horseback，on a horse，on the camel。（2）with, by, in三詞均意為“用”，表示行為的工具、手段或方式。with用于有形的工具或身體某些器官之前，其后的名詞多被冠詞、物主代詞等修飾。They are digging with a pick/spade.We see with our eyes, hear with our ears, and walk with our legs.by, in, on, ove

10、r, through等介詞多用于無(wú)形的工具或方式手段之前。如by hand, in ink, on the telephone, over the radio, through the telescope等。注意：使用語(yǔ)言、原料、材料時(shí)，用in表示，如in English/Japanese；in blue ink等。表達(dá)“用方法/式”時(shí)，所用介詞有：in this/that/the same way，by means of，by this/that means，with this/that method等。 【考點(diǎn)三】考查of+抽象名詞的用法“of+抽象名詞”的用法與形容詞相同，在句中可作表語(yǔ)

11、、定語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。of+great/much +抽象名詞=very+名詞的形容詞形式of+no+抽象名詞=not+名詞的形容詞形式It is of great value.=It is very valuable.It is of no use.=It is useless. The camel is of great help to the Arab. The camel is very helpful to the Arab.【考點(diǎn)四】考查表示程度的介詞by, to, beyondby 表示“增加了”；to表示“增加到”；beyond表示“范圍, 限度超出”。This new model of

12、 car is so expensive that it is beyond the reach of those with average incomes.單項(xiàng)填空Sorry, Madam. Youd better come tomorrow because its _ the visiting hours.A. during B. at C. beyond D. before解析：選C?？疾榻樵~的用法。句意為：對(duì)不起，女士，你最好明天來(lái)，因?yàn)橐呀?jīng)過(guò)了開放時(shí)間了。beyond（時(shí)間）晚于，遲于。 【考點(diǎn)五】考查介詞but的固定搭配 have no choice but to do只得做某事；

13、 cant help but do不得不做； cant but do不得不只能； cant choose but do只得做某事； but for要不是。I have no choice but to accept his conditions.There was no taxi that day, I couldnt choose but stay there foranother night. 【考點(diǎn)六】考查to ones+情感類名詞to 與情感類名詞連用，表示“某人因某事的發(fā)生而喚起其內(nèi)心的某種情感”。常見(jiàn)的結(jié)構(gòu)有：toonesdelight/surprise/horror/sorrow

14、/joy/regretto the delight/surprise/horror/sorrow/joy/regret of sb.。這種結(jié)構(gòu)表示結(jié)果，用作狀語(yǔ)，通常置于句首，也可置于句中或句末。若要加強(qiáng)該結(jié)構(gòu)的語(yǔ)氣，有兩種方式：在名詞前加great, deep等形容詞修飾；在整個(gè)短語(yǔ)前加副詞greatly, much等修飾。To his disappointment, he failed again.【考點(diǎn)七】考查名詞與to構(gòu)成的固定搭配key, approach, solution, answer, entrance, visit, attitude等與to構(gòu)成固定搭配：the key/a

15、pproach/solution/answer/entrance/visit/attitude to.。It is said that they have adopted a new approach to teaching English.【考點(diǎn)八】考查介詞by的用法(1)by+地點(diǎn)名詞。表示方位，意為“在旁邊”。注意：表示“從旁邊經(jīng)過(guò)”時(shí),多與動(dòng)詞go/walk/pass等詞連用。(2)by+時(shí)間名詞，意為“到時(shí)（已發(fā)生某事）；最晚,不遲于,在之前”,此時(shí)謂語(yǔ)多用完成時(shí)。(3)by+名詞?？捎脕?lái)表示方法、方式、手段等。by+the+可數(shù)名詞(時(shí)間、長(zhǎng)度、重量等),意為“按計(jì)算;按買(賣)”

16、。by+表示時(shí)間、長(zhǎng)度、重量等總稱的不可數(shù)名詞（名詞前不加冠詞）,意為“按計(jì)算，按買(賣)”。by+表示交通工具、交通方式名詞（名詞前不加冠詞，不用復(fù)數(shù)）,意為“通過(guò)；由；乘”。by+抽象名詞或具有抽象意義的普通名詞（名詞前不加冠詞，不用復(fù)數(shù)），意為“靠；通過(guò)；由所致”。by+地點(diǎn)或工具等具體名詞。表示路線、途徑，意為“通過(guò)（某物、某地）；取道”。by+動(dòng)詞-ing，意為“通過(guò)；靠；憑”。(4)by+數(shù)量詞。表示升降、增減的程度。表示距離和面積、體積中的尺寸及乘除法中的運(yùn)算。(5)by+身體部位/衣服類名詞。表示被抓住身體/衣物的某一部分，常與catch/seize/take/hold/gra

17、b等動(dòng)詞連用。It takes a long time to go there by train; its quicker by road.The man entered the room by the back door.The demand for organic food is increasing by about one third every year.Milk is sold by the pint, butter by the pound, and eggs by the dozen.二、課堂練習(xí)（1） Bill insisted in staying near the car

18、. （in 改為 on，insist on 為固定搭配） （全國(guó)卷）（2） Suddenly we caught sight at a car and some men. （at 改為 of，catch sight of是習(xí)語(yǔ)，意為“看見(jiàn)”） （全國(guó)卷）（3） When I have free time I go a long walk. （go 后加 for，go for a walk 是習(xí)語(yǔ)） （全國(guó)卷）（4） When they came down the police were angry to them. （to 改為 with，要表示對(duì)某人生氣，英語(yǔ)習(xí)慣上用be angry wit

19、h sb） （全國(guó)卷）（5） Most people can quickly get for help from a doctor or go to a hospital since they are ill. （去掉 for，因其前的 get 是及物動(dòng)詞） （全國(guó)卷）（6） and some books， for example， books for history， science， cooking and gardening are also popular. （books for 改為 books on，此處的 on 意為“關(guān)于”） （全國(guó)卷）（7） I never knew abou

20、t a ride down a river could be so exciting. （去掉 about 或?qū)?about 改為 that，因動(dòng)詞 knew 后可直接跟賓語(yǔ)從句，無(wú)需用介詞） （全國(guó)卷）（8） It was very kind for them to meet me at the railway station. （for 改為 of，注意句型 Its kind of sb to do sth） （全國(guó)卷）（9） In fact， they are planning to visit China in next year. （去掉 in，在由 next， this， last

21、 等構(gòu)成的時(shí)間短語(yǔ)中，一般可直接用作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，無(wú)需加 in， on， at 這樣的介詞） （全國(guó)卷）（10） We practise for three times every week. （去掉 for，在表示頻率的名詞前通常不加介詞） （全國(guó)卷）（11） We must keep in mind that we play for the team instead ourselves. （instead 后加 of，instead of 為復(fù)合介詞，在此表示“而不是”） （全國(guó)卷）（12） Unfortunately， there are too many people among my f

22、amily. （among 改為 in，in my family 意為“在我家里”） （全國(guó)卷）（13） I was happy with any programme but the others spent a lot time arguing（a lot 后加 of，因 a lot 不能直接修飾名詞） （全國(guó)卷）（14） Thanks very much on inviting me to your birthday party on Sunday. （on 改為 for，thanks for doing sth 意為“因某事而感謝某人”） （北京春季卷）（15） So Im really

23、 sorry that I wont be able to come in this time. （去掉 in，因 this time 可直接用作狀語(yǔ)） （北京春季卷）（16） but we do not seem to get much time to talk about together. （去掉 about，因 about 后沒(méi)有接賓語(yǔ)，about 屬多余） （全國(guó)卷）（17） For instance， on one night he played strong and loud music till four oclock in the morning. （去掉 on，因 one

24、night 可直接用作狀語(yǔ)） （北京春季卷）（18） I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my head touched the pillow. （去掉 at，the moment 在此用作連詞，相當(dāng)于 as soon as） （全國(guó)卷）（19） His parents asked him to spend in more time preparing for the college entrance examination. （去掉 in，spend 是及物動(dòng)詞，其后可直接跟名詞作賓語(yǔ)） （安徽春季卷）（20） I feel sor

25、ry to him. （to 改為 for，be / feel sorry for sb 意為“為某人感到難過(guò)”） （安徽春季卷）（21） Because so much viewing， children may not develop the habit of reading and the ability to enjoy themselves. （Because 后加 of，因 so much viewing 相當(dāng)于名詞） （北京春季卷）（22） On one year the average child will see 25，000 television commercials（O

26、n 改為 In，意為“在一年中”） （北京春季卷）（23） The main problem was in that I always thought in Chinese （去掉 that 前的 in，was 后是一個(gè)以 that 引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，in 是多余的） （全國(guó)卷）（24） Im sure they will laugh to me and see me as a fool. So I feel unhappy every day. （to 改為 at，laugh at 意為“嘲笑”） （全國(guó)卷）（25） You can find all kinds information in

27、just a few minutes on the Internet. （kinds 后加 of，a kind of 意為“一種”，all kinds of意為“各種各樣的”） （廣西卷）（26） But I have spent lots my money， （lots后加of，lots / a lot后不能接名詞；后接名詞時(shí)，要用lots of，a lot of） （四川卷）（27） you will probably want to join in the Stamp Collectors Club（去掉 in，表示“參加，加入”某個(gè)組織，join 后不要再加介詞 in；表示“參加”某項(xiàng)

28、活動(dòng)時(shí)，才加 in） （浙江卷）（28） We have a lot on common and have a lot to talk about. （on 改為 in，因?yàn)?have sth in common 是固定搭配，意為“有共同的”） （福建卷）介詞單句改錯(cuò)（1） We must serve for the people heart and soul.（2） I followed the man for a while， and saw him enter into the bank.（3） Soon the nurse married with my friend Jim.（4）

29、I took a great many of photographs in the mountains.（5） In English class， we often talk each other in English.（6） Dont talk. What the man says is well worth listening.（7） The chair looks hard， but it is comfortable to sit.（8） She was very kind and insisted lending her car to us.（9） I asked to her wh

30、at she would be doing on Saturday.（10） Are you glad to be going to back to school？（11） On his way to home， he met one of his old friends Jack.（12） Please close the door at next time you come in.（13） Thousands of people go to the seaside in every year.（14） We can finish the work either this week or i

31、n next week.（15） We walked down the stairs instead taking the elevator.（16） We could not have heard them because the noise from the river.（17） Dont be angry to me for not having writtenI was really too busy.（18） Ive read a lot books about animals.（19） He invited us to dinner， which was very kind for

32、 him.（20） I knew that there was no hope on the moment I saw him.（21） Dont go by plane. Its a lot of more expensive. （22） Except milk and cheese， we all need vegetables.（23） On my way back， I called at Mr Smith at his office.參考答案（1） 去掉 for，serve 表示“為服務(wù)”，是及物動(dòng)詞，后接賓語(yǔ)時(shí)無(wú)需用介詞。（2） 去掉 into，enter 表示“進(jìn)入”時(shí)，是及物動(dòng)

33、詞，后接賓語(yǔ)時(shí)無(wú)需用介詞。（3） 去掉 with，marry 表示“與結(jié)婚”時(shí)，是及物動(dòng)詞，后接賓語(yǔ)時(shí)無(wú)需用介詞。（4） 去掉 of，a great many后可直接跟名詞，無(wú)需用介詞。但若其后的名詞有the， these， my 等表特指的限定詞，則要用介詞 of，如 a great many of my friends.（5） talk 后加 to，因 talk 為不及物動(dòng)詞。（6） listening 后加 to，因what the man says 是 listen to 的邏輯賓語(yǔ)。（7） sit 后加 on或 in，因?yàn)閺倪壿嬌险f(shuō)就是 sit on/in the chair.（8）

34、 insisted 后加 on，insist 后可接從句作賓語(yǔ)，但不接名詞、代詞、動(dòng)名詞等作賓語(yǔ)，遇此情況應(yīng)用 insist on. （9） 去掉 to，因 ask 是及物動(dòng)詞，后接賓語(yǔ)時(shí)無(wú)需用介詞。（10） 去掉 back 前的 to，因 back 是副詞，其前不用介詞。（11） 去掉 home 前的 to，因 home 是副詞，其前不用介詞。（12） 去掉 at，因 next time 在此用作連詞，意為“下次”。（13） 去掉 in，every year 可直接用作狀語(yǔ)，其前無(wú)需用介詞。（14） 去掉 in，next week 可直接用作狀語(yǔ)，其前無(wú)需用介詞。（15） instead 后

35、加 of，instead of 為復(fù)合介詞，在此表示“而沒(méi)有”。（16） because 后加 of，因其后接的是名詞，而不是句子。（17） to 改為 with，要表示“對(duì)某人生氣”，用 be angry with sb，不用 be angry to sb.（18） a lot 后加 of，a lot of 意為“許多”。 （19） for 改為 of，為 it is very kind of sb 的變體。（20） 去掉 on，the moment 在此用作連詞，意為“一就”。（21） 去掉 of，a lot 修飾比較級(jí)，a lot of 修飾名詞。（22） Except 改為Beside

36、s.比較：except 表示“除外，不再有”，besides 表示“除外，還有”。（23） at 改為 on.比較：call at 后接某地方，call on 后接某人二、閱讀理解AAre you looking for some new and exciting places to take your kids to? Try some of these places：Visit art museums.They offer a variety of activities to excite your kids interest.Many offer workshops for making

37、 handmade pieces，traveling exhibits，book signings(簽名)by childrens favorite writers，and even musical performances and other arts.Head to a natural history museum.This is where kids can discover the past from dinosaur models to rock collections and pictures of stars in the sky.Also，ask what kind of wo

38、rkshops and educational programs are prepared for kids and any special events that are coming up.Go to a Youtheater.Look for one in your area offering plays for child and family visitors.Preshow play shops are conducted by area artists and educators where kids can discover the secret about performing arts.Puppet(木偶)making and stage makeup are just a couple of the special offerings you might find.Try handson_scienceVisit one of the many handson science museums around the country.These science playlands are great fun for kids and grownups alike.Theyll keep your child mentally and