1、語法專題(三)被動語態(tài),一、被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成形式 被動語態(tài)由“助動詞be及物動詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成。不及物動詞沒有被動語態(tài)。在不同的時態(tài)下助動詞be有不同的形式。,現(xiàn)以及物動詞tell為例，列表如下：,1.一般現(xiàn)在時：You are ordered to do it. 這樣考過 (南京調(diào)研)The temperature will fall sharply the day after tomorrow，when a snowstorm _ to strike our area. A.expectsBhas expected Cis expected Dwill be expected 解析：句意：屆

2、時會有暴風(fēng)雪。be expected to“預(yù)計會做某事”。 答案：C,2一般過去時：I was invited to the concert. 這樣考過 (北京)The way the guests _ in the hotel influenced their evaluation of the service. Atreated Bwere treated Cwould treat Dwould be treated,解析：句意：客人們在旅館中被招待的方式影響到對他們服務(wù)的評價。此題考查時態(tài)語態(tài)。根據(jù)題意，客人是被招待的，應(yīng)排除A、C兩項(xiàng)；influenced 時間提示為一般過去時，故選

3、B。 答案：B,(湖南示范性中學(xué)聯(lián)考)After being discovered by Dutch explorers in 1606，the eastern half of Australia _ by the British in 1770. Awas claimed Bclaimed Cwas claiming Dhas been claimed 解析：由句意：自1606年被荷蘭探險者發(fā)現(xiàn)之后，澳大利亞東半部分在1770年宣布為英國所有，知答案選A。 答案：A,3一般將來時：The matter will be looked into tomorrow. 這樣考過 (皖西四校)_ is

4、 known to us is that the 2012 Olympic Games _ in London. AWhat; will be heldBIt; will hold CAs; is held DWhich; holds,解析：由句意知空中應(yīng)填一個引導(dǎo)主語從句的連接詞，并作句子的主語；由句中的時間2012年知表將來，且Olympic Games與hold之間為被動關(guān)系。綜上選A。 答案：A,(北京海淀區(qū))If your order is ready，the Tshirt _ to you as soon as possible. Ahas delivered Bis delive

5、red Cwill deliver Dwill be delivered 解析：主語是Tshirt 謂語動詞，deliver 應(yīng)用被動，表示Tshirt被送，排除A、C兩項(xiàng)。根據(jù)語境，如果你定了貨，Tshirt 將會隨時被送貨。故選D項(xiàng)。 答案：D,(北京宣武區(qū))A meeting _ at 3 pm.next Tuesday. Will you go there? Ahas held Bhas been held Cwill be held Dwill hold 解析：根據(jù)時間狀語next Tuesday 判斷用將來式。主語是meeting 被舉行因此選C項(xiàng)。will be held 為將來

6、時的被動式。 答案：C,4現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時：The house is being built. 這樣考過 (四川)Why dont we choose that road to save time? The bridge to it _. Ahas repaired Bis repaired Cis being repaired Dwill be repaired,解析：句意：為什么我們不選擇走那條路以節(jié)省時間呢？因?yàn)槿ツ菞l路的橋正在修理中。題目考查了現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的被動語態(tài)作謂語。橋與修理存在被動關(guān)系，而且根據(jù)句子語境要求采用進(jìn)行時態(tài)。 答案：C,(湖南)Would you please keep s

7、ilent？The weather report _ and I want to listen. Ais broadcast Bis being broadcast Chas been broadcast Dhad been broadcast 解析：句意：請安靜一下好嗎？正廣播天氣預(yù)報呢，我想聽聽。根據(jù)句意，該空考查的是現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的被動語態(tài)。 答案：B,(江蘇)Hi，Torry，can I use your computer for a while this afternoon? Sorry._. AIts repaired BIt has been repaired CIts being

8、repaired DIt had been repaired 解析：句意：嗨，Torry，今天下午我能用一會兒你的電腦嗎？真抱歉，電腦正在修理。該句強(qiáng)調(diào)的是此時電腦正被維修，需用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的被動語態(tài)。 答案：C,5過去進(jìn)行時：When I called，tea was being served. 這樣考過 (上海)During the period of recent terrorist activities，people _ not to touch any unattended bag. Ahad always been warned Bwere always being warned C

9、are always warning Dalways warned,解析：句意：在最近恐怖活動期間，人們總是在被警告不要碰任何無人照看的包。be always doing sth.總是做某事，表達(dá)某種抱怨、不滿或贊許的情緒。人們是“被警告”，要用被動語態(tài)。 答案：B,6現(xiàn)在完成時：My bike has been repaired. 這樣考過 (全國)His sister left home in 1998，and _ since. Ahad not been heard of Bhas not been heard of Chad not heard of Dhas not heard of

10、,解析：句意：他妹妹在1998年離開家，從那以后就沒了音訊。根據(jù)句意，指的是過去離開以后，到現(xiàn)在一直沒音訊，故用現(xiàn)在完成時；hear of 與his sister 在本句中為被動關(guān)系，故用被動語態(tài)，所以選B。 答案：B,7過去完成時：When we went to the cinema，the film had been on for ten minutes. 這樣考過 (北京崇文區(qū))It was proven that the story of one witness _. Ahas been invented Bhad been invented Cwould be invented Dw

11、as invented 解析：此題考查時態(tài)，據(jù)證實(shí)(It was proven that.)用過去的時態(tài)，故后面用過去完成式(已經(jīng)被編造出來)。 答案：B,(皖南八校聯(lián)考)This Monday morning I was informed I _ as one of three exchange students from our college. Ahad been choosing Bwas chosen Chad been chosen Dwas choosing 解析：過去的過去應(yīng)用過去完成時的被動語態(tài)。 答案：C,8過去將來時：He said that the teaching b

12、uilding would be built next month. 這樣考過 (2006湖南)In a room above the store，where a party _，some workers were busily setting the table. Awas to be held Bhas been held Cwill be held Dis being held,解析：由some workers were busily setting the table，可知會議要被召開，同時時態(tài)為過去時，故選A。 答案：A,9將來完成時：They will have finished

13、the work ahead of time when we decide to see them. 這樣考過 (青島質(zhì)檢)Have you finished your essay? Half _ when you come back. Ahas been done Bis done Cbe done Dwill have been done,解析：考查動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)辨析。when引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時代替一般將來時，所以主句表示將來的動作，且表示“等你回來的時候一半的工作將已經(jīng)完成”。 答案：D,10含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)：情態(tài)動詞be動詞的過去分詞 These books mus

14、t be returned in three days. 注：被動語態(tài)還有一種“get過去分詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)，這種結(jié)構(gòu)比較口語化。例如： Teacher Wang got married last year.,這樣考過 (北京宣武區(qū))At minus 130，a living cell can _ for a thousand years. Apreserve Bbe preserved Cbe preserving Dhave been preserved 解析：考查情態(tài)動詞用法。can 后面接動詞原形，同時應(yīng)注意被動語態(tài)。句意為：在零下130時，活細(xì)胞可以存活一千年。 答案：B,二、主動形式表示

15、被動意義的情況,這樣考過 (洛陽統(tǒng)考)Honey，this is a present for your birthday. Ah！A pair of shoes，Nike！I think it _ comfortable. Awears Bis worn Cis wearing Dhas worn 解析：it wears comfortable 它穿起來很舒服。 答案： A,(鄭州預(yù)測)Id like a pen which _ well. Will this one _？ Awrites; help Bwrites; do Cis written; work Dis written; hel

16、p 解析：考查動詞的語態(tài)和動詞辨析。第一空表示“一支好用的鋼筆”，用主動語態(tài)而不用被動，因此空白處填writes。答語說：這支筆可以嗎？表示“行，可以”用動詞do。 答案：B,(北京五中)Our house has reached the point where so many things need _ and its so hard to find the time to fix them. Ato do up Bdoing up Cto put up Dputting up 答案：B,三、被動語態(tài)與系表結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別 被動語態(tài)表示動作，主語是動作的承受者；而系表結(jié)構(gòu)則表示主語的特征或所處的狀

17、態(tài)。,這樣考過 (武漢)Moms spent the day shopping，cleaning and cooking and now she_. Ahas worn out Bis worn out Cis wearing out Dwears out 解析：本題的第一分句用的是現(xiàn)在完成時，再根據(jù)時間狀語now可知指現(xiàn)在狀況，所以用一般現(xiàn)在時，be worn out意為“筋疲力盡”。 答案：B,四、“get過去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)的用法,這樣考過 (北京東城區(qū))Do you know how much a babysitter _ for an hour? Well，it depends. Apay

18、s Bgets paid Cbeing paid Dpaid 解析：根據(jù)句意“你知道一個保姆一小時掙多少錢嗎”可知答案為B。 答案：B,(重慶診斷)Whats wrong with your leg? It _ in a car accident. Ahas been hurt Bgot hurt Churt Dhurts 解析：考查謂語動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)。答語意為：在一次車禍中受傷了。主語It即指my leg，為謂語動詞動作的承受者，因此需要用被動語態(tài)；車禍發(fā)生在過去，因此應(yīng)用一般過去時。這里got hurtwas hurt。 答案：B,單項(xiàng)填空 1The students said hell

19、o to the teacher and _ with a smile. Awere rewarded Bwas rewarded Chave rewarded Dhas rewarded,答案與解析：A“學(xué)生們向老師問好，老師回應(yīng)給他們一個微笑。”應(yīng)該是“學(xué)生們被回應(yīng)”由句意可知此處為被動，故C、D排除；又“the students”做主語，所以謂語動詞為“were”，故選A項(xiàng)。,2Have the traffic police caught the driver? Yes.He _ only two hours after the accident occurred. Awas caugh

20、t Bcaught Chas caught Dhas caught 答案與解析：A表示過去某一時間點(diǎn)發(fā)生的事用過去式。He和caught 形成被動關(guān)系，用被動語態(tài)。,3The windows must have taken you quite a long time that day. Right.They _ for weeks. Ahavent been cleaned Bdidnt clean Chadnt been cleaned Dhavent cleaned 答案與解析：C考查時態(tài)。第一句話的謂語動詞是must have taken，說明此處是對過去發(fā)生的事情的推測；答語“好幾個星

21、期沒有打掃了”發(fā)生在that day 之前，表示過去的過去，因此用過去完成時。,4The advanced highspeed railway _ in the year 2012，when the Olympics are to be held in London. Awill be completed Bhas completed Cwill have completed Dwill complete 答案與解析：A考查謂語動詞的時態(tài)。句中的時間狀語in the year 2012暗示應(yīng)該用將來的某種時態(tài)，主語“The advanced highspeed railway”是動作的承受者，

22、因此應(yīng)用被動語態(tài)，只有選項(xiàng)A為被動語態(tài)，答案為A。,5Why do you look so worried? My computer broke down and my essay _ since. Ahas been left unfinished Bhas left to finish Cwas left to finish Dhad been left unfinished 答案與解析：A考查動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)。由broke down和since 可知時態(tài)用現(xiàn)在完成時，且主語與謂語動詞之間是動賓關(guān)系，故用被動語態(tài)。,6Why dont you buy that shirt? That ki

23、nd of material _ well. Adoesnt wash Bhasnt washed Cisnt washed Dcant be washed,答案與解析：A有少數(shù)及物動詞可轉(zhuǎn)化為不及物動詞，常見的有：cut，lock，open，read，sell，shut，wash，wear，write等，此時句子的主語一般是物，而且這些動詞常和well，easily等連用或與否定詞連用構(gòu)成否定句。注意：含有這類動詞的句子也可用被動語態(tài)表示，但含義不同。主動語態(tài)表示現(xiàn)狀，被動語態(tài)則側(cè)重某一動作的發(fā)生。本句表示那種面料很不耐洗，所以選A。,7After saying goodbye，the co

24、uple moved off and _ in the crowd. Awas lost Bwere lost Chad lost Dto lose 答案與解析：B考查動詞的時態(tài)和主謂一致。主語是the couple，謂語動詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式；空中的時態(tài)應(yīng)與moved off 一致，此處應(yīng)用be lost，表示“消失在人群里”。,8Why do you go to work by bus? Because my car _. Ahas repaired Bhas been repaired Cwas repaired Dis being repaired 答案與解析：D考查時態(tài)與語態(tài)。從本題語境可

25、知，沒有開車的原因是車子正在被修理，因此動詞應(yīng)該使用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的被動語態(tài)。,9He _ as a child，sent to good schools，and given every chance to be brought up well. Areads Bhad to read Cwas read to Dread to 答案與解析：C短語read something to somebody “給某人朗讀”。語境為：小時候，有人給他朗讀、送他去上好學(xué)校、給他提供一切有助于他成材的機(jī)會。在他兒時，應(yīng)是別人給他朗讀，因此空白處應(yīng)填was read to。,10What is that noise? Oh，I forgot to tell you that the new machine _. Awas tested Bwill be tested Cis being tested Dhas been tested 答案與解析：C考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)。由上一句中的一般現(xiàn)