1、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),The Present Perfect Tense,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的基本結(jié)構(gòu),have/has+動(dòng)詞過去分詞 （has用于第三人稱單數(shù)）,過去分詞的變化： (1)規(guī)則變化,不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去式以及過去分詞巧記規(guī)律,AAA: put put put letlet let ABA: becomebecamebecome ABB: standstoodstood ABC: eat ateeaten,AAA,cost-cost-cost read-read-read put-put-put cut-cut-cut let-let-let set-set-set hit-hit-hit hurt-

2、hurt-hurt 原形、過去式和過去分詞的詞形和讀音都相同的單詞，結(jié)尾字母一般是t或d。 特殊：動(dòng)詞read的過去式和過去分詞雖然詞形與原形一致，read-read-read，但發(fā)音分別是ri:d-red-red。,有些動(dòng)詞的過去分詞與原形是一樣的: run-ran-run come-came-come become-became-become overcome-overcame-overcome,ABA,ABB(含規(guī)則動(dòng)詞),1.另有一些其它形式的變化。 have (has)-had-had leave-left-left lose-lost-lost make-made-made fee

3、l-felt-felt spell-spelt-spelt stand-stood-stood 2. 改變單詞中間元音字母。 sit-sat-sat (babysit) win-won-won shine-shone-shone hold-held-held find-found-found hear-heard-heard hang-hung (hanged)-hung (hanged),ABB(含規(guī)則動(dòng)詞),ABC,ABC,有些動(dòng)詞的過去分詞是在原形詞尾加n或en，變成以en結(jié)尾的單詞。 take-took-taken give-gave-given fall-fell-fallen ea

4、t-ate-eatenwrite-wrote-written speak-spoke-spoken freeze-froze-frozen ride-rode-ridden get-got-gotten (got) forget-forgot-forgotten (forgot) 特殊： am/is-was-been are-were-been, do (does)-did-done go-went-gone see-saw-seen show-showed-shown (showed) lie-lay (lied)-lain (lied),寫出下列動(dòng)詞的過去分詞形式. wake _ 2. t

5、each _ 3. sell _4. see _ 5. ride _ 6. pay _ 7. choose _ 8. throw _ 9. think _10. eat _ 11. drive _ 12. catch _ 13. bring _ 14. break _ 15. give _16. get _ 17. know _ 18. open _ 19. write _ 20. forget _,woken taught sold seen ridden paid chosen thrown thought eaten driven caught brought broken given

6、gotgotten known opened written forgotten,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的基本句型：,（改為否定句和一般疑問句并肯否回答) I have seen him since his wedding day.,I havent seen him since his wedding day .,Have you seen him since his wedding day?,Yes,I have. / No, I havent.,He has written to me since I have been ill.(改否定句和一般疑問句), Has he written to you

7、 since you have been ill?, He hasnt written to me since I have been ill,Yes, he has. No, he hasnt.,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的基本用法,(一)表示在說話之前就已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。它強(qiáng)調(diào)的是過去的動(dòng)作同現(xiàn)在的聯(lián)系。常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有already/yet/ever/never/just/before等.,- Its so dark. - Someone has turned off the light already. (有人剛把燈關(guān)了,對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果是:現(xiàn)在很黑),- Are you free? - I

8、 have already finished my homework. I am free. (我已經(jīng)完成了家庭作業(yè),對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果是很有空),現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的用法區(qū)別,1.already在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中的用法 肯定句: 句中(助后實(shí)前)/句末 “己經(jīng)”,一般疑問句: 句末(表示驚訝的語(yǔ)氣)“難道”,Ive already had breakfast. = Ive had breakfast already.(表示強(qiáng)調(diào)) Have you had breakfast already?,注: 有already的句子在時(shí)態(tài)上并不都是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),判斷時(shí)要看該詞后是否有動(dòng)詞的過去分詞. She

9、has already been late. （現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) ） She was already late. （一般過去時(shí)）,2. yet在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中的用法,否定句:句末 “還(沒)”,疑問句: 句末 “己經(jīng)”,I havent had breakfast yet. Have you had breakfast yet?,注: 帶already的肯定句變成否定句或疑問句時(shí), already要變成yet放在句末。,I have already done my homework. 否定句: 一般疑問句:,I havent done my homework yet.,Have you done yo

10、ur homework yet?,3. ever在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中的用法,肯定句/疑問句 : 句中 “曾經(jīng)”,Ive ever been to Beijing. Have you ever been to Beijing?,4. never在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中的用法,否定句: 句中 “從來沒有” Ive never been to Beijing.,注: 帶ever的肯定句變否定句時(shí), 要將ever變成never; 帶ever的一般疑問句作否定回答時(shí)可用“No, never.”,He has ever made dumplings. 否定句:,一般疑：Have they ever travelled b

11、y train? No, never.,He has never made dumplings.,5. just在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中的用法,用于句中, 表示“剛剛” Ive just had breakfast. What have they just done?,6. before在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)中的用法,用于句末, 表示“以前” Ive seen it before. Has she ridden a bike before ?,(二)表示一個(gè)從過去開始,一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,有可能繼續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài).通常和for或since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的基本用法,I have learnt Eng

12、lish for more than ten years.我已經(jīng)學(xué)了10多年的英語(yǔ)。 (從10年前開始,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在還在學(xué)) She has swum since half an hour ago.我已經(jīng)游泳了半個(gè)小時(shí) (半個(gè)小時(shí)前已經(jīng)開始游泳,到現(xiàn)在還在游),1.for +,I have been here for 5 weeks. Hes studied English for 3 years.,時(shí)間段,2. since +,從句(一般過去時(shí)),詞組,(表示過去某一時(shí)間的)時(shí)間點(diǎn),I have been here since 2000. I have been here since 5 ye

13、ars ago. I have been here since I graduated in 2000.,since: (自以來) 1)since+時(shí)間點(diǎn) Hehasstayedheresince5oclock. 2)since+ 時(shí)間段+ ago Hehasstayedheresince5hoursago. 3)since+ 從句 ShehastaughtEnglishsincehecamehere. for: (長(zhǎng)達(dá)） for+ 時(shí)間段 He has kept the book for 2 weeks.,since , for 的用法:,6.She has known Sam_ nine

14、years. (for , never , since) 7.They have_arrived. (ever , just , yet) 8.Have you_ ridden a horse? (ever , for , yet) 9.She has known Fred_ they were at primary school. (already , just , since) 10.We have not completed the project_. (already , for , yet),for,just,ever,since,yet,注1): 對(duì)for或since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)

15、提問 必須用how long, 決不能用when.,I have lived here for 10 years.,How long have you lived here?,She has stood here since 2 hour ago.,How long has she stood here?,注2): 短暫性動(dòng)詞不能和for或since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用. (誤)I have left there for 5 years.,(正)I have been away there for 5 years.,選用 for和 since填空: 1.We havent seen each o

16、ther _ a long time. 2.His father has been in the Party _ 10 years ago. 3.The film has been on _ 20 minutes. 4.Mr Green has worked here _ he came to China. 5.His grandparents have been dead _ several years. 6. Its five years _ we met last time.,for,since,for,since,for,since,瞬間動(dòng)詞 與 延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,瞬間動(dòng)詞與時(shí)間段的關(guān)系,瞬

17、間動(dòng)詞可以用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，但在肯定句、疑問句中不能與時(shí)間段的狀語(yǔ)連用，常見的瞬間動(dòng)詞有：go/come/arrive/leave/begin/borrow/buy/die/fall/ stop/start/kill/close/graduate/join/finish/lose等。 They have left Shanghai. You can borrow the book for 2 weeks. (X),若瞬間動(dòng)詞要接表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ),我們可用相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞 來代替瞬間動(dòng)詞。 You can keep the book for 2 weeks.,但在否定句中，短暫性動(dòng)詞可以與時(shí)間段

18、連用。 E.g.：I havent bought the bike for a year. 我買這輛自行車還不到一年。 She hasnt come here for an hour. 她來這兒還沒有一個(gè)小時(shí)。,瞬間動(dòng)詞 與 延續(xù)動(dòng)詞間的轉(zhuǎn)換,5.短暫動(dòng)詞和 延續(xù)動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換,have,keep,be here,be away (from),be open/ be closed,be on,be over,be dead,have a cold,be interested in,be married,wear,be up,be awake,be asleep,be in=be a member o

19、f,be in/at,練習(xí),判斷：他到達(dá)車站半個(gè)小時(shí)了 He has arrived at the station for half an hour( ),He has been at the station for half an hour . He arrived at the station half an hour ago,He _the club since two years ago . Joined B. has joined C. has been in 翻譯：這個(gè)電影已經(jīng)放映十五分鐘了 -,The film has been on for fifteen minutes.,X

20、,C,改 錯(cuò) 1. How long have you begun to study English? 2. I have borrowed this book for two weeks. 3. The river has become very dirty since last August. 4. Our manager is away today. He has been to Guangzhou on business. 5. He has gone out for two years.,studied,kept,been,gone,been,have /has been to ha

21、ve / has gone to have / has been in的用法區(qū)別,have been to 意思是“到過，去過”，表示曾經(jīng)到過某處，但現(xiàn)在人不在那兒。常與just、ever、never連用。 They have been to Beijing.(去過北京，現(xiàn)在人在衡陽(yáng)) have gone to 意思是“去了”，表示已經(jīng)去了某地，現(xiàn)在人可能在去的途中或已在那兒了。 They have gone to Beijing.(現(xiàn)在在北京或去北京的途中) have been in 意思是“呆在某處一段時(shí)間了”常與表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。 They have been in Beiji

22、ng for two years.(在北京呆了兩年),用have /has been to和have / has gone to填空 1. Hi，Lucy， you ever Beijing？ No，I . 2. What about your sister，Lucy？ Oh，she Chengdu， she will come back next week. Ok，thanks. Youre welcome.,have been to,havent,has gone to,用Have been to, have gone to, have been in 填空,Mike and his pa

23、rents _ the north for half a year. Mum is not at home now. she _ the shop. _ you ever _ to kunming ? Never. Where _ you _ these days? Has Jim arrived yet? Yes, he _ here for several days. Where is Peter? I dont know where he _. Hi Jim! Where _ you _ ? Li Lei is looking for you.,have been in,has gone

24、 to,have been,Have been,has been,has gone,have been,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響或結(jié)果，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是現(xiàn)在的情況。所以它不能和表示過去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。 一般過去時(shí)只單純表示過去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，和現(xiàn)在不發(fā)生關(guān)系，可以和表示過去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。,He has lived in Beijing since 1999. 自1999年以來他一直住在北京。 （說明他現(xiàn)在仍然在北京。） He lived in Bejing in 1999. 在1999年的時(shí)候他在北京住過。 （現(xiàn)在是否住在北京不知道）,It

25、 is +一段時(shí)間 +since+句子(一般過去時(shí)) =一段時(shí)間+has passed +since + 句子(一般過去時(shí)),Eg. It is five years since I joined the army. =Five years has passed since I joined the army.,eg：He has bought an English-Chinese dictionary. 他已經(jīng)買了一本英漢字典。 He bought an English-Chinese dictionary. 他曾買過一本英漢字典。,第一句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)時(shí)態(tài)，想表達(dá)意為：“He bought

26、an English-Chinese dictionary. And he still has it” “過去他買了一本英漢字典，現(xiàn)在他還有這本字典” 。,第二句用過去時(shí)只敘述過去他買過一本英漢字典這一事實(shí)，至于現(xiàn)在他是否有這本字典并未強(qiáng) 調(diào)說明。,當(dāng)有一個(gè)表示過去某一特定時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，不用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，而用一般過去時(shí):,eg: I saw the film on television yesterday .,但since(自以來)+某一過去時(shí)間或敘述過去事情的從句總是與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用。,eg： They have known each other since 1950 .,Since he w

27、as a child ,he has lived in England.,常與一般過去時(shí)連用的典型的表示過去時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ):,yesterday(昨天), the day before yesterday(前天), just now(剛才)， 時(shí)間+ ago, last +時(shí)間 等;,eg: The plane took off ten minutes ago.,We finished our task last week .,用動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空（注意時(shí)態(tài)）,1.-_ you _your pen? (mend) -Yes, I _. -When_ you _ it? -I _ it yester

28、day. 2.-How do you like the film? -I _(not see) such a moving film before. 3.Millies sister _(join) the club last week. So she _(be) in the club for nearly one week.,Have,mended,have,did,mend,mended,havent seen,joined,has been,4.My father_(give) up _(smoke). He doesnt _(smoke) now. 5.The Green famil

29、y_(not come) back yet from the cinema. They_(go) to see a film one hour ago. 6.You_(not visit) your son for a long time.,has given,smoking,smoke,havent come,went,havent visited,Translation,1.他昨天去北京了。 2.他去北京兩天了。,He went to Beijing yesterday. （現(xiàn)在是否住在北京不知道）,He has been in Beijing for two days. （說明他現(xiàn)在仍然

30、在北京。）,Practice,單項(xiàng)選擇 He _ working. A. have just started B. has just start C. has just stars D. has just started 2. _ you _ your suitcase yet? Do, pack B. Did, pack C. Have, pack D. Have , packed 3. I _ my room already. have tidied B. had tidied C. have tidied D. will tidy 4. There _ several meetings

31、during the past few days. A. have been B. has been C. will be D. are,5. I _ my plane ticket, but I cant find it. will buy B. would buy C. have bought D. have buyed 6. -What has Denis done? -He _ over a vase. has knocked B. had knocked C. knocked D. is knocking 7. Everything is all right; nothing _.

32、is happened B. was happened C. will be happened D. has happened 8. They cant buy a computer because they _ all their money. are spending B. have spent C. spend D. will spend,1. 去年我去了蘇州。,We went to Suzhou last year.,2. 我每天早上7：00起床。,I get up at 7:00 every day.,3. 下個(gè)星期我要去看望我的老師。,I am going to visit my

33、teacher next week.,4. 看！那邊有個(gè)女孩在哭。,Look! The girl is crying over there.,5. 湯姆去過北京2次了。,Tom has been to Beijing twice.,6. 他住在那兒已經(jīng)有十年了。,He has lived there for ten year.,練習(xí),自從我來到這正好兩天,It is just two days since I came here,Two days has passed since I came here,It_ (be) ten years since I _(finish) middle s

34、chool.,ishas been finished,動(dòng) 詞 填 空： 1._ you _(clean) the room? Yes, we _(do) that already. When _ you _(do) it? We _(do) it an hour ago. 2._ he _(see) this film yet? Yes. When _ he _(see) it? He _ it last week. 3. How many times _you_(be) there?,Have,cleaned,have done,did,do,did,Has,seen,did,see,saw,have,been,4. I _ (read) the novel twice. Its interesting. 5. She _(go) to Pairs, hasnt she? Yes. How _ she _(go) there? She _(go) there by air. 6. So far, many countries _(develop) their software programs. 7.Mr Chen _(give)up smoking last year. 8.M