1、第1講 UNIT 1 科技英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)（一）,1.1 科技英語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn),(1)復(fù)雜長(zhǎng)句多 (2)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)多 (3)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多,(1)復(fù)雜長(zhǎng)句多,為了表述一個(gè)復(fù)雜概念，使之邏輯嚴(yán)密，結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊，科技文章中往往出現(xiàn)許多長(zhǎng)句。,(1)復(fù)雜長(zhǎng)句,The method normally employed(利用) for electrons to be produced in electron tubes is thermionic emission(熱離子發(fā)射), in which advantage is taken of the fact that, if a solid body is heated

2、 sufficiently, some of the electrons that it contains will escape from its surface into the surrounding space.,(1)復(fù)雜長(zhǎng)句,固體加熱到足夠溫度時(shí)，它所含的電子就會(huì)有一部分離開(kāi)表面飛到周?chē)臻g去，這種現(xiàn)象叫作熱離子發(fā)射。通常，電子管就是利用這種現(xiàn)象來(lái)產(chǎn)生電子的。,1.1 科技英語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn),(1)復(fù)雜長(zhǎng)句多 (2)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)多 (3)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多,(2)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),Fibers can be used throughout the video distribution network, in

3、cluding the final link into the subscribers home. 用光纖穿過(guò)視頻分布網(wǎng)絡(luò)，包括最終鏈接到用戶(hù)的家中。,(2)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),Electrical energy can be stored in two metal plates separated by an insulating medium. Such a device is called a capacitor, and its ability to store electrical energy is called capacitance .It is measured in farads.

4、電能可以?xún)?chǔ)存在由絕緣介質(zhì)隔開(kāi)的兩塊金屬板內(nèi)。這樣的裝置稱(chēng)為電容器，其儲(chǔ)存電能的能力稱(chēng)為電容。電容的測(cè)量單位是法拉。,為什么采用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)？,原因1：第一、二人稱(chēng)使用過(guò)多，會(huì)造成主觀(guān)臆斷的印象，盡量使用第三人稱(chēng)敘述。 原因2：將主要信息前置，放在主語(yǔ)部份。,翻譯練習(xí),1. A database may be designed for batch processing, real-time processing, or in-line processing. 數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)可用于批處理，實(shí)時(shí)處理，或在線(xiàn)處理。,翻譯練習(xí),2. If we consider binary transmission, the c

5、omplete information about a particular message will always be obtained by simply detecting the presence or absence of pulse. 如果考慮二進(jìn)制傳輸，通過(guò)簡(jiǎn)單檢測(cè)脈沖的出現(xiàn)與否，總是可以獲得某消息的完整信息。,翻譯練習(xí),3. Noise can be introduced into transmission path in many different ways, perhaps via a nearby lighting strike, the sparking of a

6、car ignition system, or the thermal low-level noise within the communication equipment itself. 傳輸通道可以通過(guò)多種不同方式引入噪聲，比如鄰近的雷擊，汽車(chē)點(diǎn)火系統(tǒng)的火花，或者通信設(shè)備自身的低熱噪聲。,1.1 科技英語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn),(1)復(fù)雜長(zhǎng)句多 (2)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)多 (3)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多,(3)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,A capacitor is a device consisting of two conductors separated by a non-conductor. 電容器是由非導(dǎo)體隔開(kāi)的兩個(gè)導(dǎo)體組成的一種裝

7、置。,(3)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,Expressed in a formula, the relationship between voltage, current and resistance can be written as V=IR. 若用公式表示的話(huà)，電壓、電流和電阻之間的關(guān)系可寫(xiě)成 V=IR。,(3)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,This reduction of Boolean expressions eliminates unnecessary gates, thereby saving cost, space and weight. 布爾表達(dá)式經(jīng)過(guò)這樣的簡(jiǎn)化之后，去掉了不必要的門(mén)電路，從而節(jié)省了成本，縮小了體積，減輕了重量。,(3)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,Almost all metals are good conductors, silver being the best. 幾乎所有的金屬都是良導(dǎo)體，銀是最好的。,(3)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,For a transistor to function normally, it is necessary to apply proper voltages to its e