1、1,介詞,2,介詞是一種“媒介”，是表示句中某一個(gè)詞或短語與另一個(gè)詞或短語的關(guān)系的詞。 在英語中介詞的功能十分強(qiáng)大，介詞是虛詞，不能重讀，不能單獨(dú)作句子成分。,介詞 的 定義,3,介詞 的分類,根據(jù)介詞的形式分類： 1.簡(jiǎn)單介詞:由一個(gè)詞構(gòu)成的介詞。 at in for near after before behind on by with 2.合成介詞:由兩個(gè)詞合成在一起的介詞。 inside outside nearby within onto into without 3.雙重介詞:由兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單介詞重疊在一起 構(gòu)成的介詞。 from behind 從后面 until after 直到后 f

2、rom among 從中間,4,4.短語介詞:由一個(gè)或幾個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單介詞和一個(gè)或幾個(gè)其他詞類組合構(gòu)成,在意義和作用上相對(duì)于一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單介詞。 at the back of instead of in place of in front of thanks to in front of at the top of on the edge of at the bottom of在底部 on the point of 在時(shí)刻 owing to 由于 due to 由于 5.動(dòng)詞的ing形式介詞:在英語中有一部分動(dòng)詞的ing形式具備介詞的性質(zhì),在很多情況下,將他們視為介詞。 Including 包括 consi

3、dering 考慮到 regarding 關(guān)于 concerning 關(guān)于,5,根據(jù)介詞的意義分類,介詞種類,表示時(shí)間： at ,in ,on, before ,after till until,表示地點(diǎn)： at in on under by near between into,表示方向： at for from towards,表示所屬： Of with,表示方式、方法： by in on through with,6,介詞的賓語,介詞后面的名詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞語叫做介詞的賓語。 可作介詞賓語的詞語通常有名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、副詞、從句、動(dòng)詞的-ing形式、含有疑問詞的不定式等。 1.I liv

4、e near the city center, but I work far from that.(名詞，代詞) 2.Four from ten leaves six.(數(shù)詞) 3.We are going to talk about when well start off.(從句) 4.Thanks very much for your coming.(動(dòng)詞的-ing) 5.Could you give me some advice on how to improve my heath , Doctor?,7,介詞的功能,介詞和介詞賓語一起構(gòu)成介詞短語，在句子中作主語、表語、補(bǔ)足語、定語、狀

5、語、插入語等。 1.作主語 Between 6 and 7in the morning is a good time for reading. 2.作表語 They are from Canada and I am from China. 3.作補(bǔ)足語 When she woke up, she found herself in hospital. He is considered as the greatest leader in China. 4.作定語 Have you got the answers to these questions?,8,5.作狀語 Can you sing th

6、is song in English? (方式狀語) Because of the traffic , I was late for class.(原因狀語） I will see you at your office .(地點(diǎn)狀語) The final examinations take place in early June.(時(shí)間狀語),9,表示時(shí)間的介詞： at，in，after，until，before，during,10,at 多用于表示具體的鐘點(diǎn)時(shí)刻前： at 5 oclock at half past seven 還可用于固定搭中：at noon， at midnight，at

7、 night,2. in表示一段時(shí)間，用于年、月、世紀(jì)、四季或泛指的一天的上午、下午、晚上 E.G. in the twenty-first century，in July，in Spring in the morning 還可用于表示“從現(xiàn)在起，多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間以后或多久以后”E.G. I will be go to college in 3 years.,3. on主要用在星期幾，具體某一天或某一天的早、中、晚或節(jié)日前 E.G. on July 1st，on Monday，on Sunday morning，on Charismas Day,11,1. _November 25, 2003 2.

8、_ 6:30 _ the evening 3. _ the 1940s 4. _ my life _ the age of 5 _the beginning of the class _ a hot summer evening,on,at,in,in,at,in,Practice on / at / in,at,on,on + 具體日期,at + 具體點(diǎn)鐘,in + 相對(duì)長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間：如：某月，季節(jié)，年，世紀(jì)，上下午,12,1.My father returned at 10 oclock _ of June 15.(重慶) A. in the night B. by the night C.

9、on the night D. at night,2.My aunt arrived here _ a warm spring morning. A. in B. at C. on D. by,13,14,1.He has been a teacher _ 10 years. 2._ 2000, Tom has studied English. 3.Jack and John have been away from Shanghai _ five years ago.,for,Since,since,15,His father has been _ Australia _ 1998. A. t

10、o; in B. in; since C. to; from D. in; for,16,after,17,In 和 after 的區(qū)別,In 與 after 都可以表示“之后”，其區(qū)別如下： 1.后跟一段時(shí)間。 “in + 時(shí)間”一段表示從說話時(shí)間算起的一段時(shí)間之后；“after + 一段時(shí)間”表示從過去一點(diǎn)時(shí)間或?qū)硪稽c(diǎn)時(shí)間算起的一段時(shí)間之后。 e.g. They will start working in half an hour. They will work after 10 am. 2. 后跟一點(diǎn)時(shí)間。 after 可跟一點(diǎn)時(shí)間，而 in 不可 e.g. after supper

11、晚飯后 after six oclock 6點(diǎn)后 after school 放學(xué)后 after graduation 畢業(yè)后,18,1.I hear that he will be back _ two weeks time. A at B in C after D for,2._ a month, he will be proud _ his son.A. In; with B. After; of C. In; of D. After; over 3. Mr. Smith left _ London _ breakfast.A. to, in B. for, in C. to, after

12、 D. for, after,B,C,D,19,“by+時(shí)間點(diǎn)”表示“到以前為止”，如果by后跟一個(gè)過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)應(yīng)用過去完成時(shí) E.G. We had learnt 1000 English words by the end of last year.,“during+時(shí)間段”與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用表示某期間的動(dòng)作。 E.G. He lives with us during these years.,20,21,22,表示地點(diǎn)的介詞： at，in，on，over，below，to，under，in front of，before,23,表示方位的in，on，to,24,in , at , on, t

13、o He will arrive _ a litlle bus stop _ Beijing. Shantou is _ the east of Guangdon. Guangxi is _ the north of Guangdong. America is _ the south of China.,at,in,in,on,to,in : A地包含B地 on : 兩地不包含，但連接 to : 兩地不包含，不連接,25,The visitors _ Japan arrived _ Beijing Station last Tuesday morning. A. from; at B. of;

14、 to C. from; to D. of; on,26,表示方位的over，above，on,27,表示方位的at，in，on,28,in front of 和 in the front of,注：before所表示的位置關(guān)系和in front of 相同，表示“在前面” E.G. He sits before me.,29,below 和 under,30,be made常見結(jié)構(gòu),31,be used常見結(jié)構(gòu),32,across 和 through: 通過，穿過 1. He swam _ the river. 2. They walked_ the forest. 3. The river

15、 goes _ the city and brings people water and food. 4. He helped the little child walk _ the road. across: 指在物體表面穿過 through : 指在物體內(nèi)部穿過,across,through,through,across,33,between 和 among ：在之間 1.Whats the difference _ a sheep and a goat?A. from B. to C. between D. among 2.We visited him _ his workplace _

16、 the young trees. A. in; beside B. at; along C. at; among D. to; between Keep the secret between you and_ (I),me,34,表示方式或手段的介詞,by, in, on, with,用， 以方式,35,The boy usually writes _ a red pen. I can write a letter _ English. He often goes to school _ bike. She always talks _a low vice. They talked _ th

17、e telephone. He went to school _ his bike. We hear _ our ears and see _ our eyes. He succeeded _ good luck/ working hard,with,in,by,in,on,on,with,with,by,36,1. by: + 不加冠詞的交通工具 + 某種手段，方法等 by hard work 2. on: + a / the / sbs +交通工具 + the+ 通訊工具 on the phone 3. in: + a/ the / sbs + car / taxi + 聲音， 語言,by bus / air/ train / plane,on the bus, on my bike,in a car, in my taxi,in a high voice, in English,37,4. with: +某種具體的工具 with