1、虛擬語氣總復(fù)習(xí),一、虛擬語氣的十種用法 虛擬語氣表示說話人的愿望、假設(shè)、猜測或建議，而不表示客觀存在的事實。虛擬語氣通過謂語動詞的特殊形式來表示。為了幫助讀者學(xué)習(xí)運用虛擬語氣，提高綜合運用英語的能力，筆者參照一些專著，整理歸納了虛擬語氣在下面十種句式中的用法。,一、虛擬語氣用于條件狀語從句 虛擬條件句謂語動詞構(gòu)成形式：,注意：主句中的should通常用于第一人稱，would可用于任何人稱，同時也可根據(jù)意思用情態(tài)動詞could，might等代替should, would。 （一）表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反： lf l were you，l should study English If he had t

2、ime，he would attend the meeting,（二）表示與過去事實相反： If you had come yesterday, you would have met him. 在虛擬條件句中，如果表示與過去事實相反的情況，從句中用過去完成時，而主句中則用“情態(tài)動詞現(xiàn)在完成時”，即：would/ could/ should/ might have done。例如：If they had finished the work on time, they would have been praised by the manager.If you had worked hard, yo

3、u could have passed the examination.,【典題例證】 1. If it _for the snow, we _the mountain yesterday. A. were not; could have climbed B. were not; could climb C. had not been; could have climbed D. had not been; could climb 【解析】選C。根據(jù)信息詞yesterday可以判斷該句是表示與過去事實相反的虛擬條件句，從句中應(yīng)該用過去完成時，主句中應(yīng)用“情態(tài)動詞現(xiàn)在完成時”，故答案選C。,2.

4、 I stayed at a hotel while in New York. Oh, did you? You _ with Barbara. A. could have stayed B. could stay C. would stay D. must have stayed 【解析】選A。本句是一個含蓄虛擬條件句，意思是：If you hadnt stay at a hotel while in New York, you could have stayed with Barbara. 表達了與過去事實相反的情況，答案選A。,(二)虛擬語氣用于賓語從句 1、“wish + 賓語從句”表

5、示不能實現(xiàn)的愿望，漢語可譯為“可惜”，“就好了”，“悔不該”，“但愿”等。表示現(xiàn)在不能實現(xiàn)的愿望，從句的謂語動詞用過去式，表示將來不能實現(xiàn)的愿望，用“would(could)+動詞原形”；表示過去不能實現(xiàn)的愿望，用“had+過去分詞”或“(could)would + have + 過去分詞”。例如： I wish it were spring all the year round. I wish you could go with us We wish we had arrived there two hours earlier,2、虛擬語氣在動詞arrange，command，demand，

6、desire，insist，order，propose，request，require，suggest等后面的賓語從句中，用“(should) + 動詞原形”。例如： We suggested that we (should) have a meeting The doctor ordered that she (should) stay in bed for a few days He demanded that we (should)start right away 注意：與insist相比如果賓語從句的動作已經(jīng)發(fā)生,賓語從句的謂語動詞不用虛擬語氣。如果尚未發(fā)生insist的賓語從句用虛擬

7、語氣。例如： Mike insisted that he had never stolen anything We insisted that she (should)go with us.,(三)虛擬語氣用于表語從句、同位語從句，作advice，idea，order，demand，plan，proposal，suggestion，request等名詞的表語從句和同位語從旬，其謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣的結(jié)構(gòu)“(should)+動詞原形”。例如： We all agreed to his suggestion that We(should)go to Beijing for sightseeing

8、My idea is that he(should)do exercises first,(四)虛擬語氣在以as if(as though)引導(dǎo)的表語從句或狀語從句中的應(yīng)用。 如果從句表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反，謂語動詞用一般過去時；表示與過去事實相反，謂語動詞用“had+過去分詞”；表示與將來事實相反，謂語動詞用“would(might，could)+ 動詞原形”。例如： He looks as if he were an artist He speaks English so fluently as if he had studied English in England. It looks as

9、 if it might rain， 但as if( as though )后的從句也常用陳述語氣，這是因為從句中的情況往往是可能發(fā)生的或可被設(shè)想為真實的。例如： It looks as if our side is going to win,(五)虛擬語氣用于主語從句 在主語從句中，謂語動詞的虛擬語氣結(jié)構(gòu)用“should + 動詞原形”的結(jié)構(gòu)，表示驚奇、不相信、惋惜、理應(yīng)如此等。例如： It is necessary (important，natural，desirable，advisable，strange，etc) that she should clean the room every

10、 day. It was a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.) that you should have been so careless. It will be desired ( suggested, decided, ordered, requested, proposed etc.) that she should finish her homework this afternoon， 在上述三種主語從句中，should意為“應(yīng)該”，可以省去，但不可換用would，主句所用動詞的時態(tài)不限。,(六)虛擬語氣用于定語從句 這種從句用在“It is (high)

11、time(that)”句型中。定語從句的謂語動詞用過去式，或“should+動詞原形(should)不能省略，be用 were)”來表示，意為“(現(xiàn)在)該”。例如： It is (high) time we left = It is (high) time we should leave It is high time we were going,(七)虛擬語氣用于引導(dǎo)的感嘆句中 If only I had taken his advice. 我要是聽他的話就好了。 If only I were a bird! 我如果是一只鳥就好了。 注意：If only = I wish ,(八)虛擬語氣在

12、If it were not for中的應(yīng)用此結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“如果沒有”，表示同現(xiàn)在事實相反的假設(shè)。例如： If it were not for the rain，the crops would die If it had not been for意為“如果當(dāng)時沒有”，表示同過去事實相反假設(shè)。例如： If it had not been for your timely help，I would have failed,(九)虛擬語氣在would rather后接從句的應(yīng)用 Id rather you paid me now. (從句用過去時指現(xiàn)在) 。 Id rather you painted

13、the wall green next time(從句用過去時指將來) Id rather she hadnt done that(從句用過去完成時指過去) (此句中的would可看作是表愿望的實義動詞),虛擬語氣典型錯誤解析,1.他如果知道這事的話，他就不會問你了。 誤：If he knows it，he couldnt ask you.,正：If he knew it，he couldnt ask you. 【簡析】表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反的假設(shè)時，條件狀語從句中的謂語用“過去式（be的過去式用were）”，而主句中的謂語動詞，用“ would（should，could，might）+動詞原形”

14、。,2.如果人們知道很多關(guān)于“非典”的情況，就不會那么害怕。誤：If people knew much about SARS, they couldnt be that afraid.,正：If people had known much about SARS, they couldnt have been that afraid. 【簡析】表示與過去的事實相反的假設(shè)時，條件狀語從句的謂語動詞用“had+過去分詞，”主句中的謂語動詞用“would(should，could，might)+have+過去分詞”。,3、如果明天下雨，會議將推遲舉行。 誤：If it rains tomorrow，t

15、he meeting would be put off.,正：If it rained tomorrow，the meeting would be put off. 正：If it should rain tomorrow，the meeting would be put off. 正：If it were to rain tomorrow，the meeting would be put off. 【簡析】表示與將來事實相反的假設(shè)時，條件狀語從句與主句的謂語動詞與“表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反的假設(shè)”的謂語動詞相同，或條件狀語從句用“were to/should+動詞原形”。,4.我如果昨天碰見他了，

16、我今天就不去他家了。誤：If I had met him yesterday，I would not have gone to his home today.,正：If I had met him yesterday，I would not go to his home today. 【簡析】當(dāng)條件狀語從句表示的行為和主句表示的行為所發(fā)生的時間不一致時，動詞的形式要根據(jù)它所表示的時間來調(diào)整。條件狀語從句說的過去，主句指的現(xiàn)在，故從句中用“had+過去分詞”，主句中用“would+動詞原形”。,5.如果我再上學(xué)的話，我要更加努力學(xué)習(xí)。誤：I were in school again，I woul

17、d study harder.,正：Were I in school again，I would study harder.【簡析】如果條件狀語從句中有were，had， should，省略if時，要把were，had或should提到主語之前。例如： Had you been here earlier，you would have seen him.你如果早點兒到這兒，你就見到他了。 Should there be a meeting tomorrow，I would come.如果明天開會，我就來。,6.如果不是經(jīng)費問題，我就再去美國。 誤：Werent it for the expens

18、e，I would go to the States again.,正：Were it not for the expense，I would go to the States again. 【簡析】在虛擬條件狀語從句中，省略連詞（if）的倒裝形式的句首不能用動詞的縮略形式。,7.若不是新中國，我們過不上這樣幸福生活。誤：But for New China，we dont live a happy life.,【簡析】用but for ，only for，with，without引起的詞組表示條件狀語時，通常用虛擬語氣。又如：With her help(=If I had her help)，

19、I would do the experiment better。有了她的幫助，我會把實驗搞得更好。 Without the Party，we would have failed.沒有黨，我們早就失敗了。,8.我要是女人該多好啊。 誤：I wish I am a woman.,正：I wish I were a woman. 【簡析】“wish+賓語從句”表示不能實現(xiàn)的愿望，漢語可譯為“可惜”，“就好了”，“悔不該”，“但愿”等。表示現(xiàn)在不能實現(xiàn)的愿望，從句中的謂語動詞用過去式；表示將來不能實現(xiàn)的愿望用“would/could+動詞原形”，表示過去未能實現(xiàn)的愿望時用“had+過去分詞”或“co

20、uld/would + have+過去分詞。”例如：I wish it were spring all the year round.但愿一年到頭是春天。I wish you could go with me.你能跟我一起去就好了。I wish I had arrived there yesterday.昨天到就好了。,9.醫(yī)生命令他在床上呆幾天。 誤：The doctor ordered that he would stay in bed for a few days.,正：The doctor ordered that he(should) stay in bed for a few da

21、ys. 【簡析】在“一堅持（insist），二命令（ order ，command ）， 三建議（suggest，propose，advise），四要求（ask，demand，require，request ）“等后面的賓語從句中用（should）+動詞原形”，不用would。,10.邁克堅持說他從未偷過任何東西。 誤：Mike insisted that he should never steal anything.,正：Mike insisted that he had never stolen anything. 【簡析】與insist相比如果賓語從句的動作已經(jīng)發(fā)生賓語從句的謂語動詞不用

22、虛擬語氣，如果尚未發(fā)生insist的賓語從句用虛擬語氣。例如： We insisted that she (should)go with us.,11.他的建議是我們要到鄉(xiāng)下看一看。 誤：His suggestion is that we will go about the countryside.,正：His suggestion is that we (should) go about the countryside. 【簡析】作advice，suggestion，order，demand，request等名詞的表語從句和同位語從句，其謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣的結(jié)構(gòu)（should）+ 動詞原形。例如： We all agreed to h