1、Chapter 2 Fluid flow 流體流動(dòng)fluid statics and its application,Nature of fluids Density 密度 Incompressible fluid 不可壓縮流體 Compressible fluid 可壓縮流體 Pressure 壓強(qiáng)(壓力) Independent of direction Unit SI制：N/m2或Pa， mmHg， mH2O Pg = Pabs Patm Pv = Patm - Pabs,Hydrostatic equilibrium 靜力學(xué)方程,hydrostatic equation applica

2、tion 應(yīng)用 U tube manometer U形壓差計(jì)的計(jì)算式,Limitation: 適用：靜止、連續(xù)的同種不可壓縮性流體； Incompressible fluid、 Continuous fluid,壓力形式,能量形式,Solution: 圖(a) p=Rg(m-)； 圖(b) p=Rg(m-空)=Rgm； 圖(c) p=Rg(m-E) 圖(d) p=Rgm-hg。,Chapter3 Fluid-flow phenomena 流體的流動(dòng)現(xiàn)象,Ideal fluid 理想流體 Has zero viscosity Potential flow has two characterist

3、ics: Irrigational flow There is no friction loss,Newtonian fluid 牛頓型流體,the proportionality constant For gas, it increases with temperature For liquid, it decreases with temperature 1PaS =10 P（泊） =1000 cP ( 厘 泊),一、 牛頓粘性定律,Laminar flow 層流/滯流 fluid flows in parallel straight lines. without lateral mixi

4、ng,Laminar and turbulent flow 滯流和湍流,Turbulent flow 湍流 fluid moves erratically in form of crosscurrents and eddies,Reynolds number 雷諾準(zhǔn)數(shù), Re 2100, flow is laminar flow 滯流 Re 4000, flow is turbulence 湍流, 2100 Re4000 , a transition flow 過渡流,Flow in boundary layers 邊界層定義,Laminar and turbulent flow in bou

5、ndary layers,Boundary-layer formation in straight tubes 流體在管內(nèi)邊界層的發(fā)展,Boundary-layer separation and wake formation 邊界層的分離,Chapter 4basic equations of fluid flow 流體動(dòng)力學(xué),Mass balance 連續(xù)性方程,incompressible fluid, flow through the station a and b,Mechanical energy balance 柏努力方程,J/kg,m,pa,應(yīng)用范圍,For incompress

6、ible flow (不可壓縮流體.) 2. Without friction loss 3. For unit,Chap5 Incompressible flow in pipes and channels 流體流動(dòng)阻力, =4f,Shear stress and skin friction in pipes 直管阻力,直管阻力通式（范寧公式,Flow in noncircular channel非圓形管內(nèi)的流動(dòng)阻力,當(dāng)量直徑直徑 de 代替非圓形管 d,Velocity distribution in a pipe 流體在圓管內(nèi)速度分布,層流流動(dòng)時(shí)，平均速度與最大速度的關(guān)系：u=0.5um

7、ax 湍流流動(dòng)時(shí)，平均速度與最大速度的關(guān)系：u=0.87umax,Hagen-Poiseuille equation 哈根一泊謖葉公式,Turbulent flow in pipes 湍流流動(dòng),Laminar flow in pipes 層流流動(dòng),friction factor and friction coefficient chart 莫狄（Moody）摩擦因數(shù)圖,Friction from changes in velocity or direction 局部阻力計(jì)算,Friction loss from sudden expansion of cross section Frictio

8、n loss from sudden contraction of cross section Effect of fittings and valves,u-小管平均流速,Pipe Flow Systems 管路計(jì)算,Single Pipes 簡(jiǎn)單管路,Multiple Pipes Systems 復(fù)雜管路,Chapter 6flow past immersed bodies 非均相物系分離,Terminal velocity,laminar 層流區(qū)(Stokes區(qū)) ：,Rep1,Transition (過渡區(qū))：Allen law,turbulent (湍流區(qū)) ：Newton law,

9、Separation equipments Gravity settling processes gravity settling chamber Centrifugal settling processes,cyclone separator,Critical diameter,Filtration discontinuous pressure filters Principles of cake filtration Constant-pressure filtration,【7-66】,Filtration equation of constant pressure,【7-70】,Con

10、tinuous filtration,【7-74】,Washing filter cakes,Chapter8 transportation and metering of fluids,Developed head Power requirement power supplied to the pump drive from an external source,Suction lift and cavitation no liquid can be drawn when cavitation occurs air bound,Suction lift,To avoid cavitation

11、, the pressure in station 2 must,Centrifugal pump theory,Effects of speed and impeller size change,Characteristic curves; head-capacity relation,characteristic curve,Centrifugal-pump characteristics,characteristic curve,System head curve,system curve,Operating point,system curve,Operating point chan

12、ge,Operational point,Operation in parallel and in series of centrifugal pump in parallel in series,Measurement of flowing fluids,Venturi meter,(8-34),Orifice meter,Area meters: Rot meters Calibration Installation Direction of flow through modification,Picot tube measure the local velocity,(8-48),Cha

13、pter 10 Heat Transfer,Conduction,(10-2),Direction of heat flow conductivity,Convection Newtons law of cooling,Coefficient depends on the flow patterns the thermal properties of the fluid,Radiation,The energy emitted is proportional to the fourth power of the absolute temperature.,Steady-state conduc

14、tion heat transfer through flat slab heat transfer through cylinder,Compound resistance in series,overall thermal resistance,total temperature drop,Chap11 Principles of heat flow in fluids,Countercurrent and parallel-current flows,parallel,Single-pass shell-and-tube condenser,t2,Energy balances,Over

15、all heat-transfer coefficient,Special cases of the overall coefficient,Average temperature of fluid stream,Where,Chap12 Heat transfer to fluids without phase change,Heat transfer by forced convection in turbulent flow,(12-30),Chap13Heat transfer to fluids with phase change,Heat transfer from condensing vapors Dropwise and film-type condensation,(13-14),vertical tubes,Horizontal tubes,noncondensing gas,Pool boiling of saturated liquid,natural