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1、學(xué)生見P 217,介詞的分類和用法,介詞可分為簡單介詞(如 on, over, at, about)、 短語介詞(如 in addition to, along with, regardless of)和分詞介詞(如concerning, including)。介詞的考查主要方式之一就是與動詞、名詞等搭配成短語或詞組。另外介詞本身也有其意義和作用,比如表示方位的介詞,如above, over, across, into, around, towards, below, beneath等;表時間的介詞,如at, in, on, by, after, from, since等;表方式手段的介詞,如

2、by(后接交通工具時不要冠詞),on, in, with(表示具體的有形的工具或身體的某部分);表原因的介詞because of, due to, thanks to等。,以下介詞需特別關(guān)注: 1.besides(除以外還有), except(意為“除去”,后可接句子), but, other than, except for(意為“除了”,后接短語) 2.with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu):with名詞代詞現(xiàn)在分詞過去分詞不定式形容詞介詞短語或副詞,相當于一個狀語從句。 3.beyond 本意是“在的那一邊”,引申為“超越;超過某人的能力等”。,例如: The professor in his lectur

3、e went beyond the capacity of his audience. 這位教授的課超過了聽眾的理解能力。 4.without 常用作介詞,意為“沒有”,也可用作副詞,如do without, go without(沒有也行)。 5.against 意為“反對,違反;靠,倚;防備”,它能與不同的動詞、名詞搭配,意思十分靈活。,并列連詞主要是連接一個并列句。并列句一般不可只用逗號分隔,而要用分號或并列連詞連接,連詞前可用或不用逗號。例如: He was a man who had plenty of money, and who spent it freely. 他是一個有很多錢

4、并且花錢很隨意的人。 I would have written before but I have been ill. 要不是生病了,我就已經(jīng)寫完了。,連詞的用法,1.and表示平行、遞進等關(guān)系。例如: You must write me a good long letter and tell me what you are doing and so forth. 你必須給我寫封長信,告訴我你在做什么事等等。 and用在這里表平行遞進關(guān)系。,John talked with me for about an hour yesterday. Never had I heard him talk s

5、o much. 約翰昨天和我談了約一個小時,我從未聽過他說那么多話。 By no means should you lose heart. 你決不應(yīng)該失去信心。,2.but和yet表示轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)φ盏汝P(guān)系。例如: I hope you dont mind me asking, but where did you buy those shoes? 我希望你不介意我問一下,你在哪里買的鞋子。 Therere many kinds of sports, but my favorite is swimming. 運動的種類很多,但我最喜歡的是游泳。,盡管but和yet都可譯作“但是”,但二者間還是有區(qū)別的

6、。主要有以下幾個方面。 but是并列連詞,而yet可用作并列連詞或副詞,因此不可說and but,但可說and yet、but yet。例如: What we heard was strange, and yet it was true. 我們所聽說的非常奇怪,然而它是真的。 but不可放在句尾,而yet則可放在句尾,因為yet可用作副詞。例如: I dont want to go yet. 我還是不想去。,but表示對照或?qū)αr,一般都比較輕松自然,而yet表示對照或?qū)αr,則往往比較強烈,時常出人意料。例如: Jane said she was ill, yet I saw her in

7、the street just now. 簡說她病了,可是我剛剛在大街上看到她了。 but用在表示歉意的話后(可省略不譯),引起一個句子,此時很少用yet。例如: Im sorry, but I disagree with you all. 我很遺憾,我不贊同你們(的觀點)。 Excuse me, but can you tell me how to get to the railway station? 打擾了,你能告訴我怎么去火車站嗎?。,3.for表示原因或理由,是對前文的說明或解釋,它一般不可置于句首。例如: I must be off now, for my sister is ex

8、pecting me. 我得走了,因為我的妹妹在等著我。 I couldnt answer the question, for I had not prepared my lessons well. 我答不出這個問題,因為我沒有好好準備這堂課。 4.so表示結(jié)果。例如: I was very thirsty, so I asked for some water to drink. 我很渴,所以我想要些水喝。,The play began at eight, so they must dine at seven. 戲8點開始,所以他們必須7點吃飯。 5.or表示選擇或轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。例如: They

9、had lost their way in the forest; they didnt know how to go farther or turn back. 他們在森林里迷路了,他們不知怎么往前走也不知怎么往回走。 Now I must go or I shall be late for the party. 我得走了,不然參加晚會要遲到了。,.單句填空 1.(2014大綱卷改編) September 30 is the day which you must pay your bill. 【解析】句意:9月30日是你必須付賬的截止日期。句中which 指的是先行詞the day, 而by

10、 意為“在之前”。 【答案】by 2.(2014北京卷改編) Some animals carry seeds from one place to another, plants can spread to new places. 【解析】前后為因果關(guān)系,因此填so。 【答案】so,學(xué)生見P217,3.(2014北京卷改編) Jane is in a hurry because the train to the airport leaves half an hour. 【解析】介詞in+一段時間,意為“在之后”,即火車半小時后出發(fā),因此in 符合題意。 【答案】in 4.(2014浙江卷改編)

11、 People wont pay attention to you when they still have a lot of ideas of their own crying expression. 【解析】句意:當人們還有自己的想法需要訴求和表達的時候,他們是不會注意到你的。cry for 是固定表達,意同“be dying for”,意為“渴望,急需”,因此填for。 【答案】for,5.(2014福建卷改編) Our club is open to everyone age, sex or educational background. 【解析】句意:我們的俱樂部對所有的人都開放,不

12、論年齡、性別或教育背景。regardless of 意為“不管,不計”,符合題意。 【答案】regardless of 6.(2014江西卷改編) It is unbelievable that Mr. Lucas leads a simple life his great wealth. 【解析】句意:盡管盧卡斯先生很富有,但他卻過著簡樸的生活,這真令人難以置信。despite 意為“盡管”,符合題意。 【答案】 despite,7.(2014天津卷改編) the school, the village has a clinic, which was also built with gove

13、rnment support. 【解析】句意:除了這所學(xué)校外,村里還有一家診所,也是政府資助修建的。句中also 提示我們這里強調(diào)的是還有之意,因此In addition to/Besides符合題意。 【答案】In addition to/Besides 8.(2014陜西卷改編) The Scottish girl blue eyes won the first prize in the Fifth Chinese Speech Contest. 【解析】介詞with 有“具有,擁有”之意,符合題意。 【答案】with,9.(2014重慶卷改編) She drove so fast at

14、the turn that the car almost went the road. 【解析】句意:她在拐彎處開得那么快以至于車子幾乎偏離了道路。off 意為“away from”,符合題意。 【答案】off 10.I think George doesnt really care for TV plays. Right, he still watches the program. 【解析】句意:我認為喬治不一定真的喜歡電視劇。是的,但他還在看電視節(jié)目。上下文為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,but正是一個起轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系作用的并列連詞。題干中選用right一詞贊同對方的觀點,其后又用了still一詞,表示(喬治)依然

15、是,這一贊一反間,當然是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,因此此題非but莫屬。 【答案】but,11.Stand over there youll be able to see it better. 【解析】句意:站在那邊,這樣你會看得更清楚點??疾樘厥饩涫剑浩硎咕?and引導(dǎo)的一個表結(jié)果的句子。 【答案】and 12.Some students often listen to music classes to refresh themselves. 【解析】句意:一些學(xué)生經(jīng)常在課間聽音樂來提神。between 表示兩兩之間,符合題意。 【答案】between,13Between the two generatio

16、ns, it is often not their age, their education that causes misunderstanding. 【解析】句意:在兩代人之間,往往不是他們的年齡,而是他們的教育導(dǎo)致誤解。本句是考查notbut引導(dǎo)的并列句。 【答案】but 14.So little did I know about mathematics that the lecture was completely me. 【解析】句意:我對數(shù)學(xué)知之甚少,以至于我完全聽不懂這個講座。beyond這里意為“超過的理解范圍”,符合題意。 【答案】beyond,15.We have to w

17、eigh the cost of the new system the benefits it will bring. 【解析】句意: 我們必須權(quán)衡一下起用新系統(tǒng)所需的成本和它將帶來的效益。weighagainst 意為“將與進行權(quán)衡,掂量”。 【答案】against 16.He wore a brown suit and, moved precisely and energetically and I suddenly remembered that people kept telling us he was special his age. 【解析】句意:他穿著一件咖啡色西裝,動作利落,充

18、滿活力。我突然想起人們曾不斷地告訴我們以他的年齡而言,他非常優(yōu)異。for意為“相對而言”,往往含有異常之意。 【答案】 for,17.Scientists are convinced of the positive effect of laughter physical and mental health. 【解析】句意:科學(xué)家確信笑對身心健康有積極的影響。 have an effect on 意為“對有影響”。effect 后跟on 是固定搭配。 【答案】on 18.I would prefer a quiet evening at home as opposed to spending m

19、y time the company of many people. 【解析】句意:我寧愿在家里度過一個安靜的夜晚,也不想在一大群人的陪伴中度過。in the company of 是固定搭配,意為“在的陪伴下”。 【答案】in,19.Some people are always occupied work, and therefore they cannot go traveling and enjoy the weather . 【解析】句意:有些人總是被工作纏身,不能出外旅行,享受陽光明媚的天氣。be occupied with 是固定表達,意為“忙于”。 【答案】with 20.Now

20、adays, those who actively choose to live in rural communities are generally motivated by the particular qualities of village lifepeace, quiet, pace of life and easy access open country. 【解析】句意:現(xiàn)在,那些熱心于在鄉(xiāng)村定居的人都是被鄉(xiāng)村的恬靜、平和、(緩慢的)生活節(jié)奏以及能夠和大自然親密接觸的特性深深吸引。have access to 是固定搭配,意為“能夠接近;有權(quán)使用”,to 是介詞。 【答案】to,.

21、單句改錯 1.When you looked at those mountains, at their beauty and their lines in the blue sky, this tree alone was seen to hold the sky. 【解析】句意:當你看著那些山脈,看著它們的美和它們映襯在藍天下的線條,單獨的這一棵樹看起來好像撐起了整個天空。against 有“以為背景,在映襯下”之意,符合題意。 【答案】inagainst 2.He climbed up a large tree, planted on a high rock, whose branches

22、 were thick enough to conceal him, and yet enabled him to see all that passed with being discovered. 【解析】句意:他爬上了一棵很大的樹。那棵樹長在一塊很高的巖石上,有著茂密的樹枝足以隱蔽他,還能夠讓他在不被發(fā)現(xiàn)的情況下看到所有發(fā)生的一切。without 意為“不能,沒有”,符合題意。 【答案】withwithout,3.So, to be here tonight and be acknowledged as the first to receive this honor is without

23、 expression in words for me. 【解析】句意:所以,今晚能來這里,能有幸被選為第一個獲得這項殊榮的人,我實在無法用言語來表達自己的感受。beyond有“超越”之意, beyond expression意為“無法表達;形容不出”。 【答案】withoutbeyond 4.Groups of young Chinese dancers, dressed in blue shorts and white baseball caps, danced with the music and waved red flags. 【解析】句意:一群群身穿藍色短褲、頭戴白色棒球帽的中國年

24、輕人伴隨著音樂翩翩起舞,揮舞紅旗。to the music 是固定搭配,to 意為“伴隨著, 和著”,符合題意。 【答案】withto,5.Together, Im confident that we can move steadily towards the direction of progress and meet our responsibility to our people and to the future that we will all share. 【解析】句意:我深信,只要我們攜起手來,就能沿著進步的方向穩(wěn)步向前,履行我們對我們的人民和我們共同的未來所承擔(dān)的責(zé)任。沿方向應(yīng)

25、用in the direction of。 【答案】towardsin 6.Despite the fact that all the family members are against his decision, hes determined to marry to that woman. 【解析】句意:盡管家人都反對他的決定,他還是決定要娶那個女人。marry 是及物動詞,其后的介詞to 是多余的。 【答案】 marry to that woman,7.Her entering into a university was a big surprise to everyone at tha

26、t time when womens education was always second to mens. 【解析】句意:在當時她能進入大學(xué)讀書對每個人而言是一件驚奇之事,因為當時的女性教育總是放在次之于男人的地位。句中enter 是及物動詞,其后的介詞into 是多余的。 【答案】entering into a university 8.Contrary with what I had imagined by myself, the discussion turned out to be the climax of the meeting. 【解析】句意:與我自己想象的相反,討論后來成為

27、了會議的高潮。contrary to 是固定用法,意為“與相反,違反”,不可用contrary with。 【答案】withto,9.They are the people who pour cold water to all our enthusiasms, have no faith in human nature, no sympathy with human suffering. 【解析】句意:面對我們的一腔熱情,他們只知大潑冷水,他們不相信人性、不同情人間疾苦。pour cold water on/over 是固定用法,意為“對潑冷水,使氣餒。” 【答案】toover/on 10.S

28、uch a little boy has so little difficulty at working out this difficult problem that I admire him very much. 【解析】句意: 這樣小的一個男孩解這道題所遇到的困難是如此之少,以至于我很佩服他。have difficulty in doing sth.是一個固定結(jié)構(gòu),意為“在做方面有困難”。 【答案】atin,11.Mr. Feng concluded his remarks by saying that moving part of his business abroad doesnt

29、necessarily mean that hes lost confidence for the China market. 【解析】句意:最后,馮先生說,將部分業(yè)務(wù)轉(zhuǎn)移到海外并不一定意味著他對中國市場失去了信心。lose confidence in 是固定搭配,意為“對失去信心”。 【答案】forin 12.The earliest Mothers Day celebrations can be traced back to the spring celebrations of ancient Greece in honor for Rhea, the Mother of the Gods

30、. 【解析】句意:母親節(jié)最早可追溯到古希臘,人們?yōu)榱吮硎?對眾神之母瑞亞的敬重,每年春天都會舉行重大的慶?;顒?。in honor of 是一個固定的介詞短語,意為“為了紀念”。 【答案】forof,13.They thought about this question for the rest of the day and wrote down what they came up. 【解析】句意:那一天余下的時間里,他們都在思考這個問題,并且把他們想到的都寫下來。come up with是一個固定短語,意為“想出,想起”,句中what 是其邏輯賓語,因此with 不可省略。 【答案】came

31、up with 14.He purchased a 104acre island along the coast of Belize in 2014 and planed to develop a resort with renewable energy sources. 【解析】句意:在2014年,他買下伯利茲海岸附近一座面積為104英畝的小島,計劃以可再生能源開發(fā)一個度假村。off 表示的是分離且離不遠; along表示的是在上且沿著。 【答案】alongoff,15.All were dressed green and whitethe typical colors of the uni

32、forms worn by students and teachers in Burma. 【解析】句意:所有人都穿著白色的上衣和綠色的圍裙這是緬甸學(xué)生和教師制服的標準顏色搭配。dressed in 相當于wearing,wear 是及物動詞,后直接跟賓語;dress 用作及物動詞時,其賓語往往是人,即dress sb.(給穿衣服)。此句中應(yīng)是be dressed in +衣服。 【答案】dressed in/dressedwearing 16.Faced her look of shock, I had been ready to take it all back if necessary, blame myself, and apologize. 【解析】句意:面對她那震驚的表情,我已經(jīng)準備收回我說過的話,如果有必要的話,責(zé)備我自己,再道歉。face表“面對

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