1、英語的句子結(jié)構(gòu),S (subject) 主語 V (verbal phrase) 謂語 P (predicative) 表語 O (object)賓語 Oi間接賓語 Od直接賓語 C (complement) 補(bǔ)語,英語的句子結(jié)構(gòu),簡單句,并列句,復(fù)合句,*幾個簡單句用分號或并列連詞連接起來構(gòu)成并列句; *幾個簡單句可通過各種方式組合成含有主句和從句 的復(fù)合句。,簡單句,SV,SVP,SVO,SVOiOd,SVOC,簡單句的五種句型,1）SV 主語謂語,eg. The telephone rang. His father might have died.,2) SVP 主語謂語表語,eg. T

2、he plan sounds perfect. Frank is an artist.,3) SVO 主語謂語賓語,eg. I saw a bird. My sister enjoyed the play.,簡單句的五種句型,4）SVOiOd 主語謂語+間接賓語直接賓語,eg. The lady gave Jack a watch. My father bought me a bicycle.,5) SVOC 主語謂語賓語補(bǔ)語,eg. They called him a fool. She found the children fast asleep.,*在閱讀句子的時候，第一個任務(wù)就是要找到

3、謂語! *做謂語的動詞有時態(tài)、語態(tài)和數(shù)的變化；還有 及物動詞與不及物動詞的區(qū)別。,Ex: Find out the predicate in each sentence.,1. The soup tastes good.,2. The boy is interested in playing PC games.,3. The boss made the workers work long hours.,4. He practises playing the piano every day.,5. They had finished the job when the boss came.,6.

4、Record every word you hear.,7. He didnt turn to me for help.,*在英語簡單句中，只能有而且（一般情況下） 必須有一個謂語部分！,句子成分的構(gòu)成,句子的主干成分：,主語、謂語、賓語、表語,句子的次要成分：,定語、狀語、補(bǔ)語、 插入語、同位語,句子成分的構(gòu)成,主語可以用以下這些表示： 1. 名詞；2. 代詞； 3. 數(shù)詞；4. 動名詞；5. 不定式； 6. 詞組或復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)；7. 從句；8. 名詞化的其他詞類。eg: A foreign language is a weapon in the struggle of life. Who is

5、 speaking, please? This is Jack speaking. Two will be enough. Smoking is very dangerous. To see is to believe. Whether well go depends on the weather. “A” is an article.,一、主語,二、表語 表語跟在be動詞和系動詞之后，可以用下面 這些東西表示：1. 名詞；2. 代詞；3. 數(shù)詞；4. 形容詞； 5. 分詞；6. 動名詞；7. 不定式；8. 副詞；9. 介詞短語； 10. 詞組；11. 從句。如： The masses are

6、 the real heroes. Thats something we have always to keep in mind. She was the first to learn about it. Time is pressing. Lets hurry up. All I could do was sending him a telegram. We must be off now. My idea is that we should stick to our original plan.,三、賓語 賓語跟在及物動詞后，有直接間接之分，可以用下面這些東西表示： 1. 名詞；2. 代詞

7、；3. 數(shù)詞；4. 動名詞；5. 不定式； 6. 復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)；7. 從句；8. 名詞化的形容詞及其他詞類，如： She died a heroic death. They didnt promise him anything definite. How many do you want? We need two. Pay attention to uniting and working with comrades who differ with you. Learn to play the piano. Ill get it stamped. Did you write down what sh

8、e said? He gave me a new pencil. He gave a new pencil to me.,四、定語 定語起類似于形容詞的修飾作用， 可以用下面這些東西表示： 1. 形容詞；2. 代詞；3. 數(shù)詞；4. 名詞或名詞所有格； 5. 分詞； 6. 不定式；7. 介詞短語；8. 副詞；9. 詞組或合成詞；10. 從句（即定語從句）。如： His words moved everyone present. We belong to the third world. We must live up to the Partys expectations. This is in

9、deed a most pressing problem. There are two things to be discussed today. He is a man of good temper. I saw a bird which was eating a worm in the tree.,五、狀語 狀語類似于副詞，可以用下面這些東西表示 1. 副詞；2. 介詞短語；3. 不定式；4. 分詞；5. 形容詞； 6. 詞組；7. 復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)；8. 從句，如： They were greatly touched to hear the old mans story. They did ev

10、erything they could to save the boys life. I said it in fun. They all rushed over, eager to help. They returned tired and hungry. He came up shouldering a spade. We completed the work five days ahead of time. (詞組) Seeing this, some students became very worried. (分詞) He entered the room, his nose red

11、 with cold. (復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)),并列句與復(fù)合句,*幾個簡單句用分號或并列連詞連接起來構(gòu)成 并列句這樣的連接詞有: 1) 表示意義延伸的并列連詞： and, not onlybut (also), neithernor 2) 表示選擇概念的并列連詞: or, eitheror, 3) 表示轉(zhuǎn)折的并列連詞: but, while, however, etc. 4) 表示原因的: for,eg: 1) As is reported, a trade agreement was signed and a cultural exchange was arranged.,2) Not only is

12、 he himself interested in the subject but all his students are beginning to show an interest in it.,3）Dr. Fisher neither loves the environment, nor is he accustomed to the weather.,* 幾個簡單句可通過各種方式組合成含有主句和 從句的復(fù)合句。構(gòu)成從屬關(guān)系的復(fù)雜句包括 名詞性分句(可以作主語、賓語、同位語、 主語補(bǔ)語）、定語分句、狀語分句。,實際應(yīng)用I,I. Choose the best answers：,_ som

13、e of this juiceperhaps youll like it. (00春季 ) A. Trying B. Try C. To try D. Having tried,實際應(yīng)用 I,2. He sent me an e-mail, _ to get further information. (00上海) A. hoped B. hoping C. to hope D. hope,實際應(yīng)用I,3. _ late in the morning, Bob turned off the alarm. (01春招) A. Sleep B. Sleeping C. To sleep D. Hav

14、ing slept,實際應(yīng)用I,4. _ at the door before entering, please. (01春招) A. Knocked B. To knock C. Knocking D. Knock,實際應(yīng)用I,5. _ blood if you can and many lives will be saved. (01上海） A. Giving B. Give C. Given D. To give,實際應(yīng)用I,6. The manager, _ his factorys products were poor in quality, decided to give his

15、workers further training. (03春招） A. knowing B. known C. to know D. being known,實際應(yīng)用I,7. It is believed that if a book is _, it will surely _ the reader. (03上海) A. interested; interest B. interesting; be interested C. interested; be interesting D. interesting; interest,實際應(yīng)用I,8. Suddenly, a tall man d

16、riving a golden carriage _ the girl and took her away, _ into the woods. (04上海) A. seizing; disappeared B. seized; disappeared C. seizing; disappearing D. seized; disappearing,實際應(yīng)用I,9. The flowers _ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.(04上海) A. to smell B. smelli

17、ng C. smell D. to be smelt,實際應(yīng)用I,10. English has a large vocabulary, hasnt it? -Yes, _ more words and expressions and youll find it easier to read and communicate. (04上海) A. Know B. Knowing C. To know D. Known,實際應(yīng)用I,11. Reading is an experience quite different from watching TV; there are pictures _

18、in your mind instead of before your eyes. (04廣西) A. to form B. form C. forming D. having formed,實際應(yīng)用II,II. Correct the mistakes in the sentences. (Each sentence has only one mistake.),My parents love me dearly of course and will do all they can make sure that I get a good education. (01全國),to,2. He

19、said he was busy. That is, a game of tennis making him very busy. (02北京),made,實際應(yīng)用II,3. Remembering not to shout at them. (02北京),Remember,4. It was about noon we arrived at the foot of the mountain. (02全國),when,5. I was so tired that I felt asleep at the moment my head touched the pillow. (02全國),實際應(yīng)

20、用II,6. The main problem was in that I always thought in Chinese. (03全國),7. One day I wrote a little story and showed to my teacher. (03全國),it,8. Clever as she is, but she works very hard. (04福建),實際應(yīng)用II,9. I dream of standing on the platform in the classroom and give lessons to lovely boys and girls.

21、 (04湖北),and girls.,giving lessons to lovely boys,11. I know there is not easy to be a teacher. (04湖北),it,10. At weekends, we would play basket ball, swimming in the pool or go for a picnic. (04天津),swim,英語長句的分析,一、長句的特點： (1) 修飾語多； (2) 并列成分多； (3) 語言結(jié)構(gòu)層次多。,eg. The study made clear that the working class

22、 that is so over-represented in crime statistics consists of lower-class people living in the lower-class areas of large cities.,二、理解長句時可采用以下步驟： (1) 找出全句的主語、謂語和賓語，(復(fù)合句則 找出主句的主、謂、賓）從整體上把握句子 的結(jié)構(gòu)。,The study made clear that the working class that is so over-represented in crime statistics consists of lo

23、wer-class people living in the lower-class areas of large cities.,The study made clear that the working class that is so over-represented in crime statistics consists of lower-class people living in the lower-class areas of large cities.,主句：The study made that clear.,(2) 找出句中所有的非謂語動詞、介詞短語和 從句的引導(dǎo)詞。,T

24、he study made clear that the working class that is so over-represented in crime statistics consists of lower-class people living in the lower-class areas of large cities.,(3) 分析從句和短語的功能，例如，是否為主語 從句，賓語從句，表語從句等； 若是狀語，它是表示時間、原因、結(jié)果、 還是表示條件等等。,The study made clear that the working class that is so over-r

25、epresented in crime statistics consists of lower-class people living in the lower-class areas of large cities.,(4) 分析詞、短語和從句之間的相互關(guān)系， 例如， 定語從句所修飾的先行詞是哪一個等。,The study made clear that the working class that is so over-represented in crime statistics consists of lower-class people living in the lower-cl

26、ass areas of large cities.,The working class consists of lower-class people,The working class is so over-represented in crime statistics.,Lower-class people are living in the lower-class areas of large cities.,(5) 注意插入語等其他成分。,(6) 注意分析句子中是否有固定詞組或固定搭配。,實際應(yīng)用III,Reading comprehension:,The three largest

27、islands, Jersey, Guernsey, and Alderney, have long been known for the fine breeds(品種) of cattle that are raised on them and named after them. (00春招) Q: Jersey, Guernsey, and Alderney breeds of cattle are _. A. considered best in England B. named after their birthplaces C. brought to the islands by G

28、ermans D. raised on well-known farms by the French,2. Instead, they get yearly rings, which can also be counted, giving information about the fishs age, just like the growth rings of a tree. (00春招) Q: Why does the writer compare the fish to trees? A. Trees gain a growth ring each day. B. Trees also have otoliths(耳石).