1、動(dòng)詞不定式是非謂語動(dòng)詞的一種，它沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，在句子中不能獨(dú)立作謂語，但它仍保持動(dòng)詞的特點(diǎn)，既可以有自己的賓語和狀語。,用法,動(dòng)詞不定式具有名詞、形容詞和副詞的特征。因此在句中可以做主語、表語、賓語、賓語補(bǔ)足語、定語和狀語。,定義,基本形式,一般形式,to do,not to do,to be done,一般式表示的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的同時(shí)或之后,否定形式,被動(dòng)形式,完成形式,完成式表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)之前,to have done,進(jìn)行式表示的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，與謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)同時(shí)發(fā)生,to be doing,進(jìn)行形式,He is

2、said to translate the book into English The book is said to be translated into English The book is said to have been translated into English. He is said to be translating the book into English.,不定式做主語一般表示具體,將來的，某次的動(dòng)作。,(1) It is/was +adj.+of sb. to do,(2) It is +adj.+for sb.+to do,(3) it is +a +名詞+ t

3、o do,不定式作主語經(jīng)常表示具體動(dòng)作，常與特定的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者聯(lián)系在一起；而動(dòng)名詞作主語經(jīng)常表示抽象動(dòng)作，經(jīng)常不與特定的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者聯(lián)系在一起。 Its no good eating too much fat. Its no good for you to eat so much fat.,Happiness is not about being immortal nor having food or rights in ones hand. Its about having each tiny wish come true, or having something to eat when you

4、 are hungry or having someone s love when you need love.,Never offer to teach fish to swim.,I find it really difficult to intend to forget you.,賓語,賓語,不定式,動(dòng)名詞,動(dòng)詞,介詞,動(dòng)詞,介詞,4,1,1,1,1.動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語,常用動(dòng)詞有: decide / determine, choose ，learn, want/would like/ care ， expect / hope / wish, plan ，manage, fail, hel

5、p , offer , promise ,refuse ,arrange, agree, ask / beg demand, pretend,Eg : We hope to get there before dark. Never offer to teach fish to swim.,1)、“動(dòng)詞 + 帶 to 的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)”,決心學(xué)會(huì)想希望，計(jì)劃設(shè)法不能幫。 主動(dòng)答應(yīng)拒安排，同意請(qǐng)求巧假裝。,注： 不定式也常用在系動(dòng)詞 seem, appear, 等后作賓語,He seemed _ by his father since he looked upset then. A. to be sc

6、olded B. to have been scolded C. being scolded D. scolded,B,2)下列動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語的后面只能跟動(dòng)名詞：,put off ,postpone, advise, suggest ,like, imagine mind ,deny , miss, practice ,consider, finish, delay, cant help ,insist, give up avoid , risk,The squirrels was lucky that it just missed being caught.,3) 有些動(dòng)詞既可跟不定式作賓語

7、，也可跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語，但含義不同,記住要做某事； 記得曾經(jīng)做過某事 忘記要做某事 忘記曾經(jīng)做過某事 停下來去做某事 停止做某事 繼續(xù)做另一件事 繼續(xù)做原來在做的事,remember to do remember doing forget to do forget doing stop to do stop doing go on to do go on doing,regret to do regret doing sth try to do sth try doing sth mean to sth mean doing sth,Eg : I remember seeing you some

8、where before. Please remember to turn off the light when you leave.,離開時(shí)請(qǐng)記得關(guān)好燈。,我記得以前在哪兒見過你。,eg : We thought it wrong not to help her. They found it impossible to get everything ready in time.,4) ：如果作賓語的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)后面還有自己的補(bǔ)語，則應(yīng)使用先行 it，把不定式后置,find /think/consider/find/feel/make it +adj /noun + to do,1.We fin

9、d it easy to reach the moon come back, but we find it troublesome to cross our own street and meet our neighbors . 2. The teachers makes it a rule for us to speak English in the classroom. 3. We make it our duty to study hard at school. 4. I have made it clear to them not to play games this afternoo

10、n.,5）.介詞之后的賓語,Look forward to ,devote oneself to ,be used to, object to, pay attention to, adapt oneself to ,abandon oneself to, be addicted to ,be equal to doing,have trouble in doing sth Have a good time in doing sth,注：不定式結(jié)構(gòu)一般不可作介詞賓語, 只有在個(gè)別場(chǎng)合, 即在含有否定意義的帶有介詞 except 或 but (=except) 的結(jié)構(gòu)中才能這樣用.,Eg : H

11、e seldom comes except to look at my pictures. He didnt do anything except play computer games. He didnt learn nothing at school except to play computer games.,注意不定式符號(hào)的省略問題！,do nothing but / except 后的不定式不帶to.,需要注意的是,此句型中but/ except 前必須要有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do時(shí)，but / except后的不定式to才能省略，否則to則不省.我們用一句話概括就是： 有do無to，有 to無

12、 do,Eg : She has no choice but to wait for the news. He could do nothing but wait. He will do anything for you except lend you money.,.,6.一般都是:疑問詞+不定式作動(dòng)詞,也可作介詞的賓語賓語.,Eg : Im worrying about what to do next. Marx gave some advice on how to learn a foreign language.,動(dòng)詞+疑問詞+不定式,這種不定式結(jié)構(gòu)接近一個(gè)名詞從句,疑問詞（也稱連接代

13、/副詞）有：what where who(m) when how whether,這類動(dòng)詞常見的有： tell advise show teach find out decide discuss learn forget inquire know explain remember see understand wonder 等。,Eg : I dont know what to do / where to go / who(m) to ask / when to stop / how to get there. I havent decided whether to sell it or no

14、t. We must find out what to do next / where to put it.,7.在be worth, deserve, want, need, require后 用動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。 誤 The plant needs be watered. 正 The plant needs watering. 析need to be done=need doing, 動(dòng)名詞主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)。,二、再語態(tài)。,不必考慮或考慮完畢非謂語動(dòng)詞的固定結(jié)構(gòu)后，再分析非謂語動(dòng)詞與它的邏輯主語的關(guān)系，如果是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，則要選用相應(yīng)的被動(dòng)形式，如to be done, being

15、done, done等。,一、先結(jié)構(gòu)。,非謂語動(dòng)詞充當(dāng)動(dòng)詞的賓語時(shí)候，它的形式要由前面的動(dòng)詞決定。因此，我們要先考慮它與前面動(dòng)詞固定搭配的結(jié)構(gòu)形式。有些動(dòng)詞的賓語只接動(dòng)詞不定式；而有些動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語則要求只能用動(dòng)名詞(-ing)作賓語。,三、后時(shí)態(tài)。,前面兩種情況都考慮完后，我們要根據(jù)語境分辨非謂語動(dòng)詞這個(gè)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)與對(duì)應(yīng)的謂語動(dòng)詞兩個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的順序選擇正確的時(shí)態(tài)。如果非謂語動(dòng)詞這個(gè)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)在對(duì)應(yīng)的謂語動(dòng)詞之前所發(fā)生的，則要用完成式to have done（主動(dòng)）或to have been done（被動(dòng)）；同時(shí)發(fā)生的，to be doing（被動(dòng)）；之后發(fā)生的，可用不定式to do（主動(dòng)）

16、或to be done（被動(dòng)）。,1.I dont see how I could possible manage _ the work without 。 A. finish ;helping B , to finish; being help C. finishing; helping D finishing ; being helped,2. I would love to _the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report . A. to go B. to have gone C. going D

17、 . Having gone,3. Our professor has just come back from aboard . He seems_ his trip very much. A. enjoy B. to have enjoyed C. to be enjoying D. to have been enjoying,4. No one can avoid _ by advertisements. A to be influenced B being influenced C. influencing D. having influenced,5. mark often attem

18、pts to escape _ whenever he breaks traffic regulations . A. having been fined B. to have been fined C to be fined D . being fined,非謂語作主語,一、不定式和動(dòng)名詞作主語與表語的比較表示具體的、一次性的或?qū)淼膭?dòng)作用不定式；表示一般的、泛指的或習(xí)慣性的行為用動(dòng)名詞。如： _ is a good form of exercise for both young and old. (全國卷)A. The walk B. WalkingC. To walk D. Walk【分析】答案選B。a good form暗示泛指一般性行為，用動(dòng)名詞作主語。說明：有時(shí)這種區(qū)別并不很嚴(yán)格。但要注意：主語和表語要用同一種形式；平行結(jié)構(gòu)中要用同一種形式。如：, What do you think made Mary so upset? _ her