1、An Analysis of Personality Structure in A Woman on A Roof,屋頂麗人的人格分析,The author,About the author,Contents,Conclusion,Analysis on three men reactions to the woman,Tom- Ego,Stanley- Id,Harry- Superego,Freudian personality structure theory,External environment- woman,About the author,Doris Lessing is a

2、British novelist, poet, playwright, librettist, biographer and short story writer. Lessing was awarded the 2007 Nobel Prize in Literature. In doing so the Swedish Academy described her as that epicist of the female experience, who with scepticism, fire and visionary power has subjected a divided civ

3、ilisation to scrutiny.“女性經(jīng)驗(yàn)的史詩(shī)作者，以其懷疑的態(tài)度、激情和遠(yuǎn)見，清楚地剖析了一個(gè)分裂的文化”。,Freudian personality structure theory,Id: functions in the irrational and emotional part of the mind. At birth a babys mind is all Id - want want want. The Id is the primitive mind. It contains all the basic needs and feelings.And it has

4、 only one rule - pleasure principle,Ego: functions with the rational part of the mind. The Ego develops out of growing awareness that you cant always get what you want. The Ego relates to the real world and operates via the reality principle,Superego: The Superego is the last part of the mind to dev

5、elop. It might be called the moral part of the mind. It stores and enforces rules. It constantly strives for perfection, even though this perfection ideal may be quite far from reality or possibility. I,The Assumption of Similarity,About the novel,A Woman On a Roof is a short story written by a Nobe

6、l winner Doris Lessing, published in 1963 in London. It told a funny story between a woman sunbathing on a roof in bikini and three men, Tom, Stanley and Harry, working on the next roof 20 feet away. The men were attracted by the woman. They let out wolf whistles, yelled, stamped, swore to attract t

7、he womans attention but finally got anger by her gesture of total indifference. The story began with a background of during the week of hot sun, that June.,which seemed through the intolerable, burning weather to imply conflict in different age in England.,say nothing, but he was excited and grinnin

8、g(露齒笑）,craning his head all ways to see more,his mind was full of the nearly naked woman,Tom report was that she hadnt moved, but it was a lie,primal urges for love and sex,regard as the woman belongs to him and nobody can share. He is possessive(占有欲強(qiáng)的）,Tom-Id,So under quite a lot of impulse(沖動(dòng)）, he

9、 took steps. He came over, and expressed his uncontrollable love for the woman.,Tom imagined himself at work on the crane（起吊機(jī)）, adjusting the arm to swing over and pick her,Tom felt alone again, last night she had him into her flat,when reality cant satisfy his desire:,illusion， dream,refused resent

10、ment（憤怒）,desire reality,mature,The Assumption of Similarity,Tom-Id,Stereotypes,Young Tom is a innocent daydreamer, but energetic and full of human nature. He hasnt gotten in the ways of the life. Life, for him means curiosity, possibilities, and start. His life experience is spotlessly white. All th

11、e behavior are out of the nature of id. So he took chance to express appreciation for the woman. However, life, for him rejection, disillusion and torment（折磨）.Tom awoke from romantic dream and began aware of his poor social condition and felt righteous indignation. Realizing that life for him is not

12、 a easy living, he has to face the reality as a low worker.,shes stark naked, someone will report it if she doesnt watch out,her back all naked save for the scarlet triangle on her buttocks. Ive got a good mind to report her to the police,I bet her old man has put his foot down,bitch,whistle,critici

13、ze the woman, from the common sense of the moral standar of society,self judge-independent ego,Stanley-Ego,complain most: hard work, hot weather,woman：Nothing to do but lie about as if it was a beach up there.,be interested in the woman,be aloof(冷淡） from her,contrast,realise the reality: difference

14、in social class,realism,sexual desire,senses,under control,Stanley-Ego,The Assumption of Similarity,Stanley-Ego,Stanley, older than Tom, after all,got to know some ways of life. His attitude towards work was out of mind. He never dealt with work seriously. Life, for him, is just for fun. But Stanley

15、 is the representative of the general ego, who have the consciousness of reality, and try to control his nature to balance perception and rationality. He whistled to the woman out of instinct, while on his reality principle, he clearly knew the impossibility with the woman. Therefore, he constrained

16、 and intended to be aloof from her.,Harry- superego,the oldest, 45 years old The small, competent man , the family man,monitoring on the other two men:,suddenly the older man came to a decision. Harry stood up and began packing tools into a length of oily cloth,eg: when Stanley let out a wolf whistl

17、e. Harry said, small things amouse small minds,moral authority and model,selfcontrol guide the other two men with morol standard of society,The Assumption of Similarity,Harry-Superego,Restricted by principles,rules that himself pressed upon, Harry as the oldest competent man and the family man, he g

18、ained the other two companions respect and trust. Small things amuse small minds is the words he often lips out. Through years, he is better at constraining his impulsory nature to maintain the standard of the society. In his inner heart, he seldom shows his id, instead of superego. Superego is tryi

19、ng to prevent the instinctive power under impulsive action .,The environment -woman,her the top part of her black hair a flushed solid back arms wore a red scarf tied around her breasts and brief red bikini pants small triangle nealy naked,temptation degree(誘惑力）,In Freudian personality structure the

20、ory, the activities of Id, ego and superego and the development of personality is closely related to the external environment,mens reaction,indifferent,refuse Toms love,environment human desires,stimulate(刺激）,control，stop,keep balance between I d, ego and supergo. maintain the stability and order of society,The environment -woman,In a woman on a roof, Doris Lessing depicts 3 building workers with different personality. In this presentation, by analysing the simila