1、第3步,Unit 3 Life in the future,Section Grammar過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ),第1步,第2步,1a.Given better attention, the trees could grow better. b. Worried about the journey, I was unsettled for the first few days. cDescribed as an enormous round plate, it spins slowly in space to imitate the pull of the earths gravity.,2a.I s

2、tared at the moving model of the waste machine, absorbed by its efficiency. I stared at the moving model of the waste machine, and was absorbed by its efficiency. bHit by a lack of fresh air, my head ached. Because I was hit by a lack of fresh air, my head ached. 3a.When offered help, one often says

3、 “Thank you” or “Its kind of you.” bThe research is so designed that once begun nothing can be done to change it.,我的發(fā)現(xiàn) (1)作狀語(yǔ)用的過(guò)去分詞(短語(yǔ))和句子的主語(yǔ)之間有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，或稱為 關(guān)系。 (2)第一組句子中的過(guò)去分詞(短語(yǔ))分別在句子中作： a. 狀語(yǔ)；b. 狀語(yǔ)；c.伴隨情況或方式狀語(yǔ)。 (3)比較第二組句子可知，作狀語(yǔ)用的過(guò)去分詞(短語(yǔ))可以轉(zhuǎn)化成相應(yīng)的 從句。,被動(dòng),條件,原因,狀語(yǔ),(4)從第三組句子可知，表示時(shí)間、條件、方式、比較或讓步的狀語(yǔ)，可用“

4、”結(jié)構(gòu)?？捎糜谠摻Y(jié)構(gòu)中的從屬連詞有：when, once, while, if, unless, as if, as, than, though, although等。,從屬連詞過(guò)去分詞,過(guò)去分詞(短語(yǔ))可以作狀語(yǔ)，修飾謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作和狀態(tài)。在意義上相當(dāng)于狀語(yǔ)從句(而且可以跟狀語(yǔ)從句相互轉(zhuǎn)換)，表示時(shí)間、條件、原因、伴隨狀況等。,一、過(guò)去分詞(短語(yǔ))作狀語(yǔ)的幾種情況 1作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) 過(guò)去分詞可用作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。有時(shí)也可在過(guò)去分詞前加上連詞“when，while，until”等，使其時(shí)間意義更明確。 This dictionary will look nice

5、when printed. 印好后，這本詞典看上去將很精美。,11.句型轉(zhuǎn)換 Seen from the top of the hill, the city looks more beautiful to us. from the top of the hill, the city looks more beautiful to us. 12.一句多譯 當(dāng)被要求發(fā)言時(shí)，你才能講話。 Dont speak Dont speak ,When it is seen,until asked to,until you are asked to,當(dāng)被問(wèn)到為何要做這件事時(shí)，班長(zhǎng)說(shuō)這是他的職責(zé)。 , the

6、monitor said it was his duty. , the monitor said it was his duty.,Asked why he did it,When (he was) asked why he did it,2作原因狀語(yǔ) 過(guò)去分詞可用作原因狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于原因狀語(yǔ)從句。 Satisfied with what he did, the teacher praised him in class. 由于對(duì)他所做的事情感到滿意，老師在班上表?yè)P(yáng)了他。,Written in a hurry, this article was not so good. in a hurry, t

7、his article was not so good. 試譯：,Because it was written,因?yàn)閷?xiě)的匆忙，這篇文章不是很好。,3作條件狀語(yǔ) 可用在連詞if，unless之后，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)條件狀語(yǔ)從句。 Given more time, we could do it much better. If we were given more time, we could do it much better. 多給我們點(diǎn)時(shí)間，我們會(huì)做得更好。,如果種在肥沃的土壤里，這些種子就能長(zhǎng)得快。 , these seeds can grow fast. , these seeds can gro

8、w fast. 除非受到邀請(qǐng)，否則我不去作演講。 I wont make a speach I wont make a speach ,Grown in rich soil,If they are grown in rich soil,unless Im invited,unless invited,4作讓步狀語(yǔ) 過(guò)去分詞有時(shí)可用在although，though，even if，even though, whether .or等連詞之后，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。 Beaten by the opposite team, the players were not discouraged and

9、practiced even harder. Though they had been beaten by the opposite team, the players were not discouraged and practiced even harder. 雖然被對(duì)方打敗，隊(duì)員們沒(méi)有泄氣，而是更加刻苦訓(xùn)練。,Though warned of the storm, the farmers were still working in the fields. , the farmers were still working in the fields. Considered as a bui

10、lding material，wood is not very strong. as a building material, wood is not very strong.,Though they had been warned of the storm,Although it is considered,5作方式或伴隨狀語(yǔ) 過(guò)去分詞可用作方式或伴隨狀語(yǔ)，此時(shí)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)由and連接的并列結(jié)構(gòu)。 She accepted the gift, deeply moved. She accepted the gift, and she was deeply moved. 她接受了禮物，深深地被感動(dòng)

11、了。,The hunter walked slowly in the forest, followed by his wolf dog. The hunter walked slowly in the forest, by his wolf dog. 試譯：,and he was,followed,獵人在森林里慢慢地走著，后面跟著他的狼狗。,二、過(guò)去分詞(短語(yǔ))作狀語(yǔ)應(yīng)注意的幾點(diǎn) 1作狀語(yǔ)的過(guò)去分詞其邏輯主語(yǔ)通常就是句子的主語(yǔ)， 且主語(yǔ)是過(guò)去分詞動(dòng)作的承受者，即過(guò)去分詞表示的動(dòng)作與主語(yǔ)之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。 2值得注意的是，有些過(guò)去分詞因來(lái)源于系表結(jié)構(gòu)，作 狀語(yǔ)時(shí)不強(qiáng)調(diào)被動(dòng)而重在描述主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)。這樣

12、的過(guò)去分詞及短語(yǔ)常見(jiàn)的有：satisfied, surprised, worried, disappointed, lost, seated, hidden, lost/absorbed in, dressed in, tired of。, (give) another hour, I can also work out this problem. 試譯： (lose) in thought, he didnt hear the bell. 試譯： (worry) about his sons safety, he didnt sleep well. 試譯：,Given,再給我一個(gè)小時(shí)，我也能

13、解出這道題。,Lost,由于陷入沉思之中，他沒(méi)有聽(tīng)到鈴聲。,Worried,由于擔(dān)心他兒子的安全，他沒(méi)有睡好。,三、過(guò)去分詞與現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)的區(qū)別 1過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常與其邏輯主語(yǔ)之間存在邏 輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，即被動(dòng)關(guān)系；現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常與其邏輯主語(yǔ)之間存在邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，即主動(dòng)關(guān)系。 2. 過(guò)去分詞(短語(yǔ))作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)與句子的 主語(yǔ)要一致。否則，須加上自己的邏輯主語(yǔ)，構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。,71.用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 (use) for a long time, the book looks old. (use) the book, I find it useful. G

14、ood luck (give), I will earn more money. 72.判斷正誤(T/F) If caught, the police will punish the thief. If caught, the thief will be punished by the police.,Used,Using,given,F,T,1(2011天津高考)_ into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order. ATranslatingBTranslated CTo transla

15、te DHaving translated 解析：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)。根據(jù)句意可知，“translate”和“the sentence”是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系且動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成，故用動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞形式，選B項(xiàng)。 答案：B,2(2011四川高考)_ an important role in a new movie, Andy has got a chance to become famous. AOffer BOffering COffered DTo offer 解析：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)。句子主語(yǔ)Andy與offer之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，所以用過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)。故選C。 答案：C,3(2010陜西高考)_ from the top of the tower, the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees. ASeenBSeeing CHaving seen DTo see 解析：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)