1、第十講,詞義辨析,方位介詞,on: 在上。表面接觸。,over: 在垂直正上方. under,above: 在上方, 高于某物,不一定垂直。 below,on, over, above,There is a ship the river.,There is a bridge the river.,There is a plane the bridge.,on,over,above,on,over,under,above,below,beneath,地理方位,in: 在內(nèi)部。,on: 搭界。,to: 不搭界。,in, to, on,Beijing is the north of China.,i

2、n,Japan is the east of China.,to,Hunan is the south of Hubei.,on,in front of, in the front of,in front of: 在前面(范圍之外),in the front of: 在的前部(范圍之內(nèi)),There is a car in front of the house and Tom sits in the front of the car.,Tom,一言辨異,cross , across, through,across: prep. 從表面橫穿,through: prep. 從內(nèi)部空間穿,cross

3、: v. 穿過(guò)，越過(guò),*go across the street=cross the street,*go through the tunnel / forest,*swim across the Channel,*The river runs through this city.,in the tree, on the tree,in a tree: 不是樹(shù)上結(jié)的東西,on a tree: 樹(shù)上長(zhǎng)的。,on the tree,in the tree,accept , receive,accept: 主動(dòng)接受,receive: 收到,I received a gift , but I dont

4、 want to accept it.,接收 接受,一言辨異,alone , lonely,I was travelling alone in the lonely mountain. I didnt feel lonely though I was alone.,孤單,我獨(dú)自行走在荒涼的山里，雖孤身一人，但并不感到寂寞.,adv. 狀語(yǔ) 獨(dú)自,adj. 定語(yǔ) 荒涼的,孤獨(dú)不在獨(dú)處時(shí)只在鬧市中,表語(yǔ) 孤獨(dú)的，寂寞的,表語(yǔ) 一個(gè)人的,一言辨異,ill, sick,ill: adj. 表示“有病的”只能作表語(yǔ),不能做定語(yǔ). 作定語(yǔ)時(shí)表示“惡劣的,邪惡的”,sick: adj. 作定語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ):“生病

5、的”,與with連用表原因。 作表語(yǔ)“嘔吐的,惡心的”,生病,My daughter was sick with a cold. 我女兒因感冒而生病。,Tom was ill in hospital. Tom生病住院了。,That ill woman killed her own child. 那個(gè)壞女人殺了自己的孩子。,She wanted to help sick people. 她想幫助病人。,put on, wear, dress, in,穿戴,take, cost, spend, pay,花費(fèi)知多少,made,be made of + 原材料(看得出),be made from +

6、原材料(看不出),be made by + 制造者,be made in + 產(chǎn)地,制造,Wine is made grapes. This car is made Germany. Cotton is made clothes. The house is made wood. My kite is made Uncle Tom. Water is made oxygen any hydrogen.,from,in,into,of,by,up of,be made into + 成品,be made up of + 組成部分,borrow, lend, keep,borrow sth. fro

7、m sb.,lend sth. to sb.,keep + for + 時(shí)間段,=borrow sb. sth.,=lend sb. sth.,借入,借,借出,持有一段時(shí)間,steal, rob,steal sth. from sb./sp.,rob sb./sp. of sth.,偷搶,從某人/某地 偷東西,搶某人/某地 東西,used to,used to do sth. 過(guò)去常常做某事,be/get used to doing sth 習(xí)慣做某事,He used to go to work by car, but now on foot.,be used to do sth. 被用來(lái)做,

8、He is used to reading books before he goes to sleep.,Knife is used to cut.,by, with, in , through,with: 用工具,in: 用語(yǔ)言、材料,by : 靠，憑方式/方法/手段,through: 通過(guò)途徑,write with a pen, strike with a hammer,kill two birds with one stone,in English, in ink , in Large Letters, in shorthand,All work had to be done by ha

9、nd.所有的工作都是手工進(jìn)行的。 He makes a living by teaching. 他以教書(shū)為生。 How did you send the letter, by airmail or by ordinary mail? He came by train, but his wife came by bus.,He succeeded through hard work. The scientist studies the skies through a telescope.,look, see, watch, read,look : 去看。強(qiáng)調(diào)看的過(guò)程。vi. 與at連用,see:

10、 看見(jiàn)。強(qiáng)調(diào)看的結(jié)果,watch: 觀看，欣賞(電視,劇,表演,比賽),read: 讀(書(shū),報(bào),雜志),看,Look! Look at the pictures! What can you see?,聽(tīng),listen, hear,listen: vi. 與to連用。強(qiáng)調(diào)聽(tīng)的動(dòng)作,不一定聽(tīng)見(jiàn)。,hear: vt. 聽(tīng)見(jiàn)。強(qiáng)調(diào)聽(tīng)的結(jié)果。,I was listening, but heard nothing.,sound, noise, voice,sound: 一切聲音,noise: 噪音,There is a loud noise outside the classroom. The teach

11、er had to raise his voice, ”Light travels much faster than sound.” 教室外面一片嘈雜，老師只得提高聲音說(shuō)：“光的傳播速度比聲音 快得多。”,聲音,voice: 嗓音,一言辨異,say, speak, tell, talk, chat,說(shuō),look for, find, find out,look for: 尋找。 強(qiáng)調(diào)找的過(guò)程和動(dòng)作。,find: 找到，發(fā)現(xiàn)。強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果。,She looked for her lost ring everywhere, but she didnt find it. The next day she

12、 found out that a little boy had stolen it.,find out: 找出，發(fā)現(xiàn)，查明。指通過(guò)調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)真相。,尋找,一言辨異,discover, invent,discover: 發(fā)現(xiàn)。 原本就存在的。,Edison invented the light.,invent: 發(fā)明。 原本沒(méi)有,Columbus discovered New Continent.,in future, in the future,in future: 從今以后的全部將來(lái),in the future: 將來(lái)的某一時(shí)刻,I must study hard in future and

13、 I will succeed in the future.,將來(lái),=from now on,從今以后我必須努力工作， 那么將來(lái)我就會(huì)成功。,Do you want to go to America in the future?,I hope youll be careful in future.,一言辨異,sleep, asleep, sleepy,go to bed: 上床,就寢。 強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作。與get up對(duì)應(yīng),go to sleep: 睡著,入睡。 強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果。,=fall asleep：自然而然、不知不覺(jué)地睡著。,sleepy: adj. 疲倦的。,睡覺(jué),be asleep： 睡著了的。

14、強(qiáng)調(diào)睡眠的狀態(tài)。,asleep: adj. 只能做表語(yǔ)。,sleep: v. & n. sleep a sound sleep,sleeping: n. 睡眠。做定語(yǔ) a sleeping bag/ car / baby,sleep： 指睡覺(jué)的動(dòng)作過(guò)程。,be strict in, be strict with,be strict in sth. : 對(duì)某事(工作、學(xué)習(xí))嚴(yán)格要求,be strict with sb.: 對(duì)某人嚴(yán)格要求。,Students must be strict in their study and teachers must be strict with their s

15、tudents.,嚴(yán)格,嚴(yán)格是大愛(ài),一言辨異,job, work,job: n. 可數(shù)。 工作,職業(yè),任務(wù),職責(zé)。,work: v. & n. 不可數(shù)。,Whats your job? I got a job as a teacher a few days ago. I have a lot of work to do every day. I must work hard.,工作,a good job 一件好事 lose ones job 失業(yè) be out of a job 失業(yè) Do a good job. =Good job! 干的不錯(cuò) at work 在工作 work hard 努力

16、工作（或?qū)W習(xí)）,bring, take, fetch, carry,bring: 拿來(lái),帶來(lái) ,take: 拿走,帶走 ,Please bring your book here.,fetch: 去取來(lái),去拿,去接 go and bring,carry: 攜帶,運(yùn)送,運(yùn)載,帶,Lets take Mary to the party.,Please fetch me a cup of coffee.,Dont forget to carry the medicine.,This plane can carry 550 people.,die, dead, dying, death,1. He di

17、ed suddenly last night. 2. The old man is dying. 3. Lei Feng was dead for many years, but death cant bring him away from peoples heart. 4. Nowadays many people die of cancer. 5. The young man died from a traffic accident.,死,cloth, clothes, clothing,cloth: 布,布料。,clothes: 衣服的總稱(chēng)。以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)。 包括上衣，褲子，內(nèi)衣，外衣，

18、含義較具體。,All her clothes are very beautiful. 她所有的衣服都很漂亮。,clothing: 服裝的總稱(chēng)。 包括衣服褲子鞋襪,范圍比clothes廣,含義較抽象。,衣服,The shop sells mens clothing. 這家商店賣(mài)男裝。,I need a lot of cloth if Im going to make a new dress.,jacket,coat,shirt,blouse,dress,skirt,trousers,shorts,sweater,socks,tie,house, home, family,house: 房子。指建

19、筑。無(wú)感情色彩。,home: 家。強(qiáng)調(diào)家的氛圍或環(huán)境，有感情色彩。,She has a new house in Shanghai. She goes home at five everyday. Her family all like travlling.,family: 家庭。強(qiáng)調(diào)家庭成員。,家,have been to, have gone to, have been in, have been away,have been to: 去過(guò)某地。(人已回),have gone to: 去了某地。(人未回),-Where is Tom? -He has gone to London. He

20、has been to London three times. We have been in NY for 5 years. Mr. Smith has been away from Paris for 2 months.,have been in: 在某地呆著。,have been away: 離開(kāi)某地。,enough to, tooto,enough to: 足夠能夠做,tooto: 太而不能,The boy is too young to go to school.,=The boy is not old enough to go to school.,The girl is old

21、enough to go to school.,反,tooto結(jié)構(gòu)在肯定句式中表示否定含義，但在下列情況表示肯定含義。 not tooto but/just/only tooto toonot to,besides, except, except for,besides: 除了之外(還有) 從整體中加上,是附加關(guān)系 =in addition,except: 除了之外 ,從整體中減去,是排除關(guān)系。 不能放在句首,放在句首需要用except for 替代。,She can speak French and Japanese besides English .,except for: “除之外”，用

22、于引述細(xì)節(jié)以修正和補(bǔ)充句子的主要意思， 有“瑕不掩瑜美中不足”之意。前后名詞性質(zhì)不同。,apart from: apart from具有多重意義，既可表示besides， 也可表示except或except for。在同類(lèi)或不同類(lèi)都能用。,除了,We all passed the exam except Tom.,Your composition is quite excellent except for several spelling mistakes.,Apart from the price, the dress doesnt suit me. 且不說(shuō),sometime, someti

23、mes,some time, some times,It took me some time to finish the report. We will meet sometime next week. She sometimes goes to school on foot. We have been to the Great Wall some times.,口訣 分開(kāi)是”一段“ 相聚在“某時(shí)” 分開(kāi)s是“倍次” 相連s是”有時(shí)“,不到長(zhǎng)城非好漢,too, either, also, as well,也,be famous forbe famous as,be famous for: 因而

24、著名(不同概念),be famous as: 作為而出名(同一概念),China is famous for the Great Wall.,著名,China is famous as an ancient country.,be afraid of doingbe afraid to do,be afraid of doing: 擔(dān)心出現(xiàn)某種后果,be afraid to do： 不敢做,害怕,一言辨異,Mr. Black was afraid to climb the tree, for he was afraid of falling down from it. 布萊克先生不敢爬樹(shù)，因?yàn)?/p>

25、他怕從樹(shù)上掉下來(lái)。,be familiar withbe familiar to,be familiar with: 人做主語(yǔ)，某人對(duì)熟悉,She is familiar with modern jazz. 她對(duì)現(xiàn)代爵士樂(lè)很熟悉。 Your name is very familiar to me. 你的名字我很熟悉。,be familiar to: 物做主語(yǔ)，物對(duì)人來(lái)說(shuō)是熟悉的,熟悉,agree,agree with:,agree to:,.,agree on:,同意,How.,join, take part in, enter for, attend,參加,hear of/abouthear

26、 from,hear of / about: 聽(tīng)說(shuō)。間接聽(tīng)到或聽(tīng)說(shuō)某人某事。,hear from: 收到來(lái)信,Have you heard from Susan recently? I heard of her illness.,一言辨異,learn of/aboutlearn from,learn of / about: 聽(tīng)說(shuō)的事情, 得知,了解,We should learn from Lei Feng.,learn from: 向?qū)W習(xí),Im very sad to learn about his death.,manage to, try to, try doing,manage to

27、do: 設(shè)法做成某事,How did you manage to get there? 你是怎么設(shè)法到達(dá)那里的？ The doctor tried to cure the patient of her illness, so he tried treating her with new medicine. 醫(yī)生盡力為這個(gè)病人治病，因此他試著用新藥給她治療。,try to do: 企圖，設(shè)法去做某事,try doing : 嘗試做某事,一言辨異,a number of, the number of,The number of books in our library is going up. 我

28、們圖書(shū)館里的藏書(shū)數(shù)量正在上升。,a number of: 大量，許多，后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù),the number of: 的數(shù)量。中心詞是number,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù),A number of students are on the playground. 很多學(xué)生在操場(chǎng)上。,A number of teachers are present today, the number of them is 300. 許多老師今天都出席了，人數(shù)有300人。,一言辨異,much too, too much,much too: 太,非常，后接形容詞或副詞。,too much: 太多, 后接不可數(shù)名詞,

29、或修飾行為動(dòng)詞,置于句末。,There is too much water here.這里有很多水。,He cant write too much on a card.,My wife always worries too much.我的妻子總是擔(dān)心太多。,The box is much too heavy. He cant carry it. 這個(gè)箱子太重了，他搬不動(dòng)。,no more, no longer,I have eaten enough apples. I dont want to eat any more. =I want to eat no more. 我吃了足夠多的蘋(píng)果，我不

30、想再吃了。,no more: 數(shù)量、程度上不再多與非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用 =notany more,no longer: 時(shí)間、距離上不再, 多與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用 =notany longer,不再,His uncle is not a driver any longer. =His uncle is no longer a driver. 他的叔叔不再是個(gè)司機(jī)了。,whole, all,whole: 與定冠詞和物主代詞連用時(shí),whole 位于它們后,all: all the ,整個(gè),All the people here have known the whole truth about the ma

31、tter. 這里所有的人都知道了這件事情的全部真相。,一言辨異,all the day 一整天 =the whole day,all the time 一直 the whole time 全部時(shí)間,wish, hope,I wish you success. I hope it will be fine tomorrow. I hope to watch the football match again.,wish: 祝愿。 難以實(shí)現(xiàn)的。,hope: 希望。 可實(shí)現(xiàn)的。,leave, leave for,leave: 離開(kāi)(出發(fā)地),leave for: 動(dòng)身，前往(目的地)。,leave,l

32、eave for,Nigel will leave Beijing for Sydney next month.,compare to, compare with,compare to: 把比作 (有相似性),Dont compare my plan with others. 不要把我的計(jì)劃和他人的相比。,compareto/with: 把和相比較 (有對(duì)比性),He often compares the world to a stage. 他常常把世界比作一個(gè)舞臺(tái)。,the sameasbe similar tobe different from,It is+ adj.+ for sb. t

33、o do,It is+ adj.+ of sb. to do,對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō)做某事是.的客觀。easy, hard, difficult, possible, impossible,某人是的去做某事主觀。 表示人品的形容詞good, kind, nice, honest, clever,What is he like?,What does he look like?,他是個(gè)什么樣的人？ 指內(nèi)在特征。kind, nice, clever, honest, shy, polite, quiet, frank, hard-working, awful, lazy,他長(zhǎng)的什么樣子？指外在特征。beauti

34、ful, pretty, smart, handsome, tall, short, fat, thin, big eyes, black hair,drop in at, drop in on,call at, call on, visit,參觀 拜訪,許多,大量,不定式和動(dòng)名詞的區(qū)分,mustnt, shouldnt, neednt, cant,同義表達(dá),立刻,immediately at once right now,充滿(mǎn) 裝滿(mǎn),be full of be filled with,道歉,be sorry to sb. apologize to sb.,來(lái)自,be from come fr

35、om,親自,by oneself on ones own alone,由負(fù)責(zé),be responsible for have the duty for in charge of,擅長(zhǎng),be good at do well in,對(duì)有興趣,be keen on be interested in,包括 包含,consist of be made up of include contain,對(duì)有害,be bad for be harmful to do harm to,缺少,be short of be lack of,值得做,be worth doing feel like doing,收到 來(lái)信,receive a letter from have/get a letter from hear from,匆忙,hurry up in a hurry hurriedly hurry