1、高考語法復(fù)習(xí)系列八,非謂語動(dòng)詞,一、非謂語動(dòng)詞的考點(diǎn) 1、謂語動(dòng)詞與非謂語動(dòng)詞的區(qū)別； 2、非謂語動(dòng)詞作定語； 3、非謂語動(dòng)詞作主語和表語； 4、非謂語動(dòng)詞作賓語； 5、非謂語動(dòng)詞作賓補(bǔ)； 6、非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語； 7、非謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)。,二、非謂語動(dòng)詞的句法功能,三、謂語動(dòng)詞與非謂語動(dòng)詞的區(qū)別 高考題點(diǎn)擊： 1. “Cant you read?” Mary said _ to the notice. (93 N) A. angrily pointingB. and point angrily C. angrily pointedD. and angrily pointing 2. S

2、uddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage _ the girl and took her away, _ into the woods. （04上海春季） A. seizing., disappeared B. seized., disappeared C. seizing, disappearing D. seized, disappearing,兩個(gè)動(dòng)作之間用 and 連接稱為并列謂語，并列謂語需注意兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞的形式的一致性，故B、D皆錯(cuò)；不用 and 連接時(shí)稱之為狀語，只能用非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語，故C錯(cuò)。,seized 和 took 是并列謂語

3、，disappearing 是伴隨狀語。此題的關(guān)鍵是and 的位置，如果 and 在 disappear 前，則三個(gè)動(dòng)詞并列。,A,D,四、非謂語動(dòng)詞作主語和表語 高考題點(diǎn)擊： 1. Fishing is his favorite hobby, and _. (01 上海) A. hed like to collect coins as well B. he feels like collecting coins, too C. to collect coins is also his hobby D. collecting coins also gives him great pleasur

4、e 2. Its necessary to be prepared for a job interview. _ the answers ready will be of great help. (05北京卷) A. To have had B. Having had C. Have D. Having,在 and 連接的并列句中，兩個(gè)主語最好要保持一致的形式。動(dòng)名詞 fishing 和 collecting coins 分別作兩個(gè)簡單句的主語。這句話的意思為“釣魚是他的愛好，集郵也給他帶來極大的樂趣。”,D,D,非謂語動(dòng)詞作主語時(shí)要注意以下兩個(gè)重要問題：第一是并行結(jié)構(gòu)問題，如：Seeing

5、is believing. / To see is to believe. 第二需要注意一些結(jié)構(gòu)： A) 在 Its no use (good; value; importance) 等結(jié)構(gòu)中只用動(dòng)名 詞作主語。如：Its no use quarrelling with such a fellow . 注意比較：Theres no need to tell him about it. B) 在 Its + adj. 結(jié)構(gòu)中都用不定式作主語。注意兩種句型： Its easy (difficult, hard, important, possible, impossible, comfortabl

6、e, necessary, better; the first, the next, the last, the best, too much, too little, not enough) 后加 for sb. to do Its kind (nice, stupid, rude, clever, foolish, thoughtful, thoughtless, brave, considerate (考慮周到的), silly, selfish (自私的) )后加 of sb. to do,3. The purpose of new technologies is to make li

7、fe easier, _ it more difficult. (99 N) A. not makeB. not to makeC. not makingD. do not make,B,動(dòng)詞不定式短語 to make life easier 及 not to make it more difficult 都作 purpose 的表語。非謂語動(dòng)詞作表語時(shí)要特 別注意兩個(gè)問題，一是并行結(jié)構(gòu)問題，二是時(shí)間問題。一般來說，不定式作表語都表示該動(dòng)作發(fā)生在將來，故在表示“目的、愿望、夢想、需求”等名詞作主語時(shí)其表語應(yīng)該用不定式。動(dòng)名詞作表語一般用來表示“身份、職業(yè)”等。 另外要特別注意現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞

8、作表語的區(qū)別。,五、非謂語動(dòng)詞作定語 高考題點(diǎn)擊： 1. The flowers _ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature. （04上海） A. to smell B. smelling C. smelt D. to be smelt 2. A man is being questioned in relation to the _ murder last night. （04江蘇） A. advised B. attended C. attempted D. admitted,該題的謂

9、語動(dòng)詞是 attract，“聞起來很香”用來作定語修飾 主語 flowers。,B,C,“謀殺”只能被預(yù)謀，故該用過去分詞作定語表示被動(dòng)。,3. The picture _ on the wall is painted by my nephew. (00 北京春季) A. having hung B. hanging C. hangsD. being hung 4. There are five pairs _, but Im at a loss which to buy. (99 上海) A. to be chosenB. to choose from C. to chooseD. for

10、choosing,B,B,hang 作及物動(dòng)詞用時(shí)表示人為的“掛”；作不及物動(dòng)詞用時(shí) 表示東西掛在某處的狀態(tài)。本句中的 hang 為不及物動(dòng) 詞，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞作定語。,動(dòng)詞不定式 to choose from 和 to choose 都可以作定語，問題 是 to choose 作定語時(shí)該名詞是 choose 的對象；to choose from 作定語時(shí)，該名詞是 choose 的范圍。該題指的是范圍.,非謂語動(dòng)詞作定語時(shí)要注意以下區(qū)別： 分詞作定語時(shí)與其所修飾的名詞有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系； 動(dòng)名詞作定語時(shí)只表示用途、場所等意義； 不定式作定語時(shí)要注意以下一些固定結(jié)構(gòu)： 在 time, chan

11、ce, right 等名詞后； 在序數(shù)詞后； 在 wish, need, demand, requirement 等詞后。 D)表示被動(dòng)意義的非謂語動(dòng)詞作定語時(shí)的用法： done 表示已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作 to be done 表示尚未開始的動(dòng)作 being done 表示正在進(jìn)行之中的動(dòng)作,六、非謂語動(dòng)詞作賓補(bǔ) 高考題點(diǎn)擊： The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _. (95 N) A. not toB. not to doC. not to itD. do not to,A,為了避免重復(fù)

12、，常用省略形式 to 來代替前面的動(dòng)作。如：Would you like to visit our school? Yes, Id like to. 有些動(dòng)詞后面需要用不定式作賓補(bǔ)，除 tell 外，常見的還 有：adviseallowcauseconsider encourage forbid force intendorder permitpersuade remind request requireurge warn ask wish want 等 特別注意： hope, agree, demand, suggest 等沒有賓補(bǔ)。,2. Paul doesnt have to be ma

13、de _. He always works hard. (95 N) A. learnB. to learnC. learnedD. learning 3. A computer does only what thinking people _. (99 上海) A. have it doB. have it done C. have done itD. having it done,使役動(dòng)詞 make / have / let sb. do sth. 但改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)后， 則應(yīng)為：be made / let to do。注意其它不帶 to 的動(dòng)詞不定 式的用法。,此句中的 it 指代的是 a

14、computer，what 在從句中作 do 的賓語，表示“人們讓計(jì)算機(jī)所做的事“應(yīng)該用 people have a computer do 這一結(jié)構(gòu)。需要注意的是 have 的幾個(gè)常用結(jié)構(gòu)：have sb. / sth. do ; have sb. / sth. done ; have sb. / sth. doing ; have sb. / sth. to do,B,A,4. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see_ the next year. (00 N) A. carry outB. carrying

15、out C. carried outD. to carry out 5. The missing boys were last seen _ near the river. (94 N) A. playingB. to be playingC. playD. to play,that 引導(dǎo)的是定語從句，修飾 plan，在從句中作 see 的賓 語。因此從句中的結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)為 see the plan carried out。特別注 意現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)的區(qū)別。,感官性動(dòng)詞后面的賓補(bǔ)若用不定式，則表示一個(gè)完整的動(dòng) 作；若用現(xiàn)在分詞，則表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。本句應(yīng)理解 為正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。,C,A,七

16、、非謂語動(dòng)詞作賓語 高考題點(diǎn)擊： 1. We agreed _ here but so far she hasnt turned up yet. (95 N) A. having met B. meeting C. to meetD. to have met 2. Ive worked with children before, so I know what _ to my new job. (00 N) A. expectedB. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects,C,B,注意1：僅帶不定式作賓語的動(dòng)詞有：agree, refuse, offer

17、, promise, decide, determine, intend, manage, fail, hope, expect, long, wish, tend, desire, plan, pretend, 等； 注意2：動(dòng)詞 know, show 等常帶疑問詞加 to do 作賓語。,3. I really appreciate _ to relax with you on this nice island. (01 上海) A. to have had timeB. having time C. to have timeD. to having time,B,僅帶動(dòng)名詞作賓語的動(dòng)詞為

18、：admit appreciate avoid delay enjoy escape excuse prevent finish imagine mind practise resist risk suggest stand forgive keep allow advise permit forbid 但如果在 allow advise permit forbid 后提到有關(guān)的人，就只能用不定式作賓補(bǔ)。 在動(dòng)詞 want, need, require, demand 等詞后加動(dòng)名詞作賓語時(shí)表示被動(dòng)意義，相當(dāng)于 to be done。,4. - You were brave enough to

19、 raise objections at the meeting. - Well, now I regret _ that. (95 N) A. to do B. to be doing C. to have done D. having done 5. - Let me tell you something about the journalists. - Dont you remember _ me the story yesterday? (99 上海) A. toldB. tellingC. to tellto have told 6. In some parts of London,

20、 missing a bus means _ for another hour. (02 上海春季) A. waitingB. to waitC. wait D. to be waiting,D,B,A,特別注意帶不定式和動(dòng)名詞作賓語時(shí)意義不同的動(dòng)詞： remember, forget, regret, try, go on, mean, miss, stop,7. How about the two of us _ a walk down the garden? (93 N) A. to takeB. takeC. takingD. to be taking 8. - I must apol

21、ogize for _ ahead of time. - Thats all right. (94 N) A. letting you not knowB. not letting you know C. letting you know notD. letting not you know 9. Sandy could do nothing but _ to his teacher that he was wrong. (01 上海春季) A. admitB. admittedC. admittingD. to admit,C,B,A,介詞的賓語一般都用動(dòng)名詞，但有三個(gè)介詞 but (exc

22、ept) / than / be about 后要接不定式作賓語。,10. Rather than _ on a crowded bus, he always prefers _ a bicycle. (94 N) A. ride rideB. riding ride C. ride to rideD. to ride riding,注意 prefer 的幾個(gè)常用句型： prefer to do sth. than do sth. prefer doing sth. to doing sth. prefer + n. to + n.,C,11. Mr. Reed made up his min

23、d to devote all he had to _ some schools for poor children. (01 上海春季) A. set up B. setting upC. have set up D. having set up 12. - How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers? - The key _ the problem is to meet the demand _ by the customers. (02 北京) A. to solving maki

24、ngB. to solving made C. to solve makingD. to solve made,B,B,要特別注意 to 的詞性，分析其為介詞還是不定式。 admit to，be accustomed to 習(xí)慣于， be used to ，stick to ， turn to，devote oneself to ，be devoted to，look forward to，pay attention to, get down to 等,八、非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語 高考題點(diǎn)擊： 1. - Mum, why do you always make me eat an egg every

25、day? - _ enough protein and nutrition as you are growing up. (99 上海) A. GetB. GettingC. To getD. To be getting 2. _ late in the afternoon, Bob turned off the alarm. (01 北京春季) A. To sleepB. SleepingC. SleepD. Having slept 3. In order to make our city green, _. (02 上海春季) A. it is necessary to have pla

26、nted more trees B. many more trees need to plant C. our city needs more trees D. we must plant more trees,C,A,D,4. _ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. (96 N) A. LosingB. Having lost C. Lost D. To lose 5. _ the general state of his health, it may take him a while to recover from

27、 the operation. (00 北京春季) A. GivenB. To giveC. GivingD. Having given 6. He sent me an E-mail, _ to get further information. (00 上海) A. hopedB. hopingC. to hopeD. hope,lose oneself in sth. 表示“陷入”，主語 he 為 lose 的賓語。,given 作狀語意為“考慮到”，意思相當(dāng)于 considering。,注意 hoping 為伴隨狀語而非目的狀語，真正的目的是后面的 to get 。,C,A,B,7. T

28、he research is so designed that once _ nothing can be done to change it. (02 N) A. beginsB. having begunC. beginningD. begun 8. Finding her car stolen, _. (01 上海). A. a policeman was asked to help B. the area was searching thoroughly C. it was looked for everywhere D. she hurried to a policeman for

29、help,once 在此處只是副詞，后面的分詞必須考慮到與句子主語 的關(guān)系。begin為及物動(dòng)詞，意為“開始、啟動(dòng)”，故該用過 去分詞。,本句要特別注意其邏輯主語。,D,D,九、非謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)和被動(dòng) 高考題點(diǎn)擊： I would love _ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report. (97 N) A. to go B. having goneC. goingD. to have gone 2. Robert is said _ abroad, but I dont know wha

30、t country he studied in. (99 N) A. to have studiedB. to study C. to be studyingD. to have been studying,D,A,would love to have done 表示本想去做，但沒做成。,本題的關(guān)鍵是“what country he studied in”，由此可知事情發(fā)生在過去。,3. Do let your mother know all the truth. She appears _ everything. (01 上海) A. to tell B. to be told C. to be telling D. to have been told 4. Having a trip abroad is certai