1、復(fù)習(xí)句法,復(fù)合句 賓語(yǔ)從句,復(fù)合句,概念 復(fù)合句也稱(chēng)主從句，即主句和從句，從句須有引導(dǎo)詞或叫連詞引出，否則復(fù)合句不成立。 Do you know who is the first man to walk on the moon? 由于連詞既起連接主句和從句的作用，表明主從句之間的關(guān)系，有的還在從句中充當(dāng)一定的成份。,初中階段復(fù)合句 1.賓語(yǔ)從句 2.狀語(yǔ)從句 3.定語(yǔ)從句,賓語(yǔ)從句,在及物動(dòng)詞的后面可以接一個(gè)名詞來(lái)充當(dāng)賓 語(yǔ)，如： I know the man. 而這時(shí)也可以用一個(gè)句子來(lái)充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)，如： I know that the man is a policeman. ,主句,從句,引導(dǎo)詞

2、,賓語(yǔ)從句由關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞引出。 我們根據(jù)引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的連詞不同，可把賓語(yǔ)從句分為三類(lèi)。 1、以that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。 如：I hear that you have passed the examination. 2、以連接代詞或連接副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。 如：Please tell me how you can get here. 3、以if 和whether引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。 如：I dont know if you can come tomorrow.,一. 賓語(yǔ)從句的種類(lèi),由that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。 that只有語(yǔ)法作用，沒(méi)有實(shí)在的意義，在口語(yǔ)和非正式文體中可以省略。例如： He s

3、aid (that) he wanted to stay at home. She doesnt know (that) she is seriously ill. I am sure (that) he will succeed.,2. 由連接代詞who, whom, whose, what, which 連接副詞when, where, why, how引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。 這些連接代詞和連接副詞在賓語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)某個(gè)成分。例如： Do you know who (whom) they are waiting for? He asked whose handwriting was the bes

4、t. Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is? I dont know why the train is late.,3. 由if或whether引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。If和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。例如： I want to know if (whether) he lives there. He asked me whether (if) I could help him.,注意一下情況只用whether，不用if。,whether引導(dǎo)的從句常可以與連詞or或or not直接連用。如： 正： Let me know whether you

5、 can come or not. 誤： Let me know if you can come or not. 2. 當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句提到句首時(shí)，只能用whether引導(dǎo)。如： 正： Whether it is true or not, I cant tell. 誤： If it is true or not, I cant tell.,3. whether可以引導(dǎo)帶to的不定式。如： 正： I dont know whether to accept or refuse. 誤： I dont know if to accept or refuse. 4. whether及其引導(dǎo)的成分可放于介詞之后

6、，作介詞的賓語(yǔ)。如： 正： I worry about whether I hurt her feelings. 誤： I worry about if I hurt her feelings.,二. 賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序,賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序應(yīng)為陳述句的語(yǔ)序。例如： I hear (that) physics isnt easy. I think (that) you will like this school soon. Can you tell me how I can get to zoo? Please tell me when well have the meeting.,三. 賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)

7、,1. 如果主句的時(shí)態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句該用什么時(shí)態(tài)就用什么時(shí)態(tài)。如： I dont think (that) you are right.,2. 如果主句的時(shí)態(tài)是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句只能用相應(yīng)的過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)（一般過(guò)去時(shí)， 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)， 過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)，過(guò)去完成時(shí)）。例如： He asked what time it was. He told me that he was preparing for the sports meet. He asked if you had written to Peter. He said that he would go back to the U.S. soo

8、n.,3. 如果賓語(yǔ)從句所陳述的是客觀真理，其時(shí)態(tài)常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。例如： Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year. Scientists have proved that the earth turns around the sun.,如何改為賓語(yǔ)從句1、選擇正確的連接詞,1、若從句來(lái)源于一個(gè)陳述句,那么,連詞用that,在口語(yǔ)中that可以省略; They believe that the computer will finally take the place of human beings. (他們相信計(jì)算

9、機(jī)終將代替人類(lèi)。) (從句本來(lái)就是陳述句) 2、若從句來(lái)源于一個(gè)一般疑問(wèn)句,連詞則用if 或whether I wonder whether I should say something for him to the headmaster. (我不知道是不是該為他在校長(zhǎng)跟前說(shuō)點(diǎn)什么。) (從句來(lái)源于一般問(wèn)句 3、若從句來(lái)源于一個(gè)特殊疑問(wèn)句,則連詞就是疑問(wèn)詞 (如what,who,where,when等) He asked me where he could get such medicine. 他問(wèn)我在哪兒能搞到那樣的藥。) (從句來(lái)源于特殊問(wèn)句Where can he get such me

10、dicine? ),2. 語(yǔ)序關(guān) 陳述句變?yōu)橘e語(yǔ)從句，語(yǔ)序不變，即仍用陳述語(yǔ)序。如： He is an honest boy. The teacher said. The teacher said（that）he was an honest boy. 一般疑問(wèn)句和特殊疑問(wèn)句變?yōu)橘e語(yǔ)從句，語(yǔ)序變?yōu)殛愂稣Z(yǔ)序。如： Does he work hard？I wonder. I wonder if/whether he works hard. When did he leave？I dont know. I dont know when he left.,3. 時(shí)態(tài)關(guān) 如果主句是現(xiàn)在的時(shí)態(tài)，從句的時(shí)態(tài)可

11、根據(jù)實(shí)際情況而定。如： I have heard（that）he will come back next week. 如果主句是過(guò)去的某種時(shí)態(tài)，那么從句的時(shí)態(tài)一定要用過(guò)去的某種時(shí)態(tài)。如： He said（that）there were no classes yesterday.,其他問(wèn)題,A)if和when既能引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，又能引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句。因此，遇到它們就要認(rèn)真分析一下。如： If it rains tomorrow，I wont come. （時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句） I dont know if it will rain tomorrow. （賓語(yǔ)從句）,if表示“如果，要是”,if表示“是否

12、”,B)從句的簡(jiǎn)化 1. 當(dāng)主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是find，see，watch，hear等感官動(dòng)詞時(shí)，從句常簡(jiǎn)化為“賓語(yǔ)賓補(bǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)，賓補(bǔ)為不帶to的不定式或V-ing形式。如： She found that the wallet lay on the ground. She found the wallet lie on the ground. She found that the wallet was lying on the ground. She found the wallet lying on the ground.,2. 當(dāng)主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是hope，wish，decide，forget，pl

13、an，agree等，且主句主語(yǔ)與從句主語(yǔ)相同時(shí)，從句可簡(jiǎn)化為不定式結(jié)構(gòu)。如： She agreed that she could help me with my maths. She agreed to help me with my maths.,3. 在連接代詞/副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句中，當(dāng)從句主語(yǔ)與主句主語(yǔ)或間接賓語(yǔ)一致時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句可簡(jiǎn)化為“連接代詞/副詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。如： Can you tell me how I can get to the station？ Can you tell me how to get to the station？,1. Miss Green didnt t

14、ell us _ in 2002. A. where does she live B. Where she lives C. where did she live D. where she lived 【解析】答案：D。,2、Would you please tell me _? A. when did he come home B. where he would play football C. if he had seen the film D. why he didnt watch the game 【解析】答案：D。,3、I dont know when _. will the train leave B. the train will leave C. would the train leave D. the train leave 【解析】答案：B。,4. -We dont know _. -It is said that he was born in Sweden. what he is B. if he lives here C. where he comes from