1、Coordination Subordination,Coordinate construction,兩個或兩以上意義相關、層次相同、句法功能也相同、并由并列連詞（coordinator)或其他并列手段連接起來的語法結構序列叫做“并列結構”。 它可以是 詞和詞 good but expensive 詞組和詞組 a teacher and a student 分句和分句 The children can go with us or they can stay at home.,并列連詞和標點符號,兩個以上項目的并列通常只在最后一個項目前用并列連詞，其他項目之間用逗號連接。 E.g. At a d

2、iploma factory mills throughout the states, you can buy a bachelors degree for about $1500, a masters degree for $1600, or a doctors degree for $ 1700.,各并列項目間全用連詞，在修辭色彩上給人悠閑、緩慢、延續(xù)持久的感覺。 相反，全用逗號，就給人緊張、急促、明快、利落的感覺。 E.g. In the country there are no honking horns(汽車喇叭）, no diesel trucks（柴油卡車）, no pollut

3、ion- just the sounds of wind rustling the tree leaves and red squirrels chattering in the distant oaks and cool creek water rushing down its endless course.,除逗號，分號和冒號也能起并列連接作用 分號對比 e.g. Golf demands the best of time and space; tennis, the best of personal energy. 冒號下文對上文的解釋和發(fā)揮,Subordinate constructi

4、on,What is subordination ?,從屬 Vs 并列,e.g. The rain stopped, and the sun came out. When the rain stopped, the sun came out.,Finite subordinate clause What is finite subordinate clause?,名詞性從句 形容詞性從句 副詞性從句,名詞性分句,在句子中起名詞作用的句子叫名詞性從句 (Noun Clauses）。 名詞性從句的功能相當于名詞詞組, 它在復合句中能擔任主語、賓語、表語、同位語、介詞賓語等，因此根據(jù)它在句中不同的語

5、法功能，名詞性從句又可分別稱為主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。,Whats the function of the underlined part?,Can you tell us who is responsible for the fire? My original question, why he did it all, has not been answered. It is quite clear that the crime was done deliberately. The mystery is whether he ever went there at all. Y

6、ou must give it back to whoever it belongs to.,形容詞性分句 = 關系分句 = 定語從句,副詞性分句（狀語分句） Adverbial clause of time Adverbial clause of place Adverbial clause of manner Adverbial clause of cause Adverbial clause of result Adverbial clause of purpose Adverbial clause of condition Adverbial clause of concession,

7、Non-finite clause,What is infinitive clause？,不帶主語 e.g. He likes to be invited. 帶主語 e.g. He opened the door for the children to come in. 帶疑問詞 e.g. I dont know what to do.,The function of infinitive clause,Which part is the infinitive clause and whats the function of the infinitive clause in the follo

8、wing sentences?,To accept the job would mean moving to Florida. He will go to the clinic tomorrow to be examined by the doctor. He promised to stop taking drugs. He hurried home only to find that his father was dead. I am delighted to know that you have got a job.,Soas to such as to tootoenough to,R

9、ewrite the following sentences, using the infinitive clause:,We went via Worcester so that we could miss the traffic jam. His work was so good that it made him internationally famous. He was the first man who discussed the question with Professor Halliday. We thought it wrong that he should be punis

10、hed. In order that a vote will be valid, the deputy must be present and vote in person.,-ing Participle clause,不帶主語和連詞 帶連詞 帶主語,不帶主語和連詞,He denied having been there. Judging from what you say, he has done his best. Generally speaking, this book is not every difficult.,帶連詞,Whether working or sleeping,

11、the subject is always in his mind.,帶主語,Do you mind my/me making a suggestion? John doesnt like the idea of me/my being mixed up in this affair. Its no use your pretending to be deaf. The last bus having gone, we had to walk home.,-ed participle clause,The castle, burnt down in 1485, was never rebuil

12、t. This dictionary will look nice when printed. The job finished, we went home straight away.,-ed participle clause句法功能,后置修飾語 e.g. One of the house wrecked by the storm belonged to my grandfather.,狀語,Deeply moved, he thanked her again and again. United, we stand; divided, we fall. Beaten by the poli

13、ce and sent to jail, Gandhi invented the principle of nonviolent resistance.,無動詞分句,不帶從屬連詞的無動詞分句 Speechless, Victor Henry nodded and sat on a folding seat. Bank loan or no bank loan, well buy the house.,帶從屬連詞 When still a boy of six, Bob was sent away from home. Although always helpful, he was not much liked by people. When in Rome, do as the Romans do. He spoke ungraciously, if not rude