1、第23課時(shí) 8B Unit7【考點(diǎn)精講】一、核心詞匯1especially adv.考點(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥especially意為“特別，尤其”，較多地用于正式文體，指某事物超乎一般的重要、不尋常。如：Their main exports are textiles, especially silk and cotton.他們的主要出口貨物是紡織品，特別是絲綢和棉布。I like maple trees, especially in autumn我喜歡楓樹，尤其是秋天的楓樹。specially表示為了某一特定目的而“特意、專門”采用某一方式做某事。如：The meeting is specially arra

2、nged for you.這次會(huì)見是特意為你安排的。2spread咒考點(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥spread作名詞，意為“擴(kuò)散；分布；展開”；spread還可作動(dòng)詞，意為“展開，攤開，使擴(kuò)散”，過去式和過去分詞都不變化。Sue spreads the map out on the floor.蘇在地板上攤開地圖。The disease has spread across the whole world.這種疾病已經(jīng)在全世界擴(kuò)散開來。3hold vt考點(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥意為“舉行”。與hold有關(guān)的短語：hold on等著；挺??；（電話用語）別掛斷，等一下hold off不開始，延遲，推遲hold out維持，抵抗，使有可能h

3、old up支撐得住，承受住如：Can you hold on? Ill see if hes there.等一下行嗎？我去看一看他在不在那里。She is holding up well under the pressure.她承受住了壓力。We could get a new computer now or hold off until prices are lower.我們現(xiàn)在就可以買新電腦，不然就等到降價(jià)再說。二、核心句型1. Many of our patients cant afford to go to hospital, so we have to go to them我們的許

4、多病人付不起錢去醫(yī)院看病，所以我們得到他們身邊去?？键c(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥 afford to do sth付得起錢做某事，負(fù)擔(dān)得起做某事。常與can，could，be able to連用，多用于否定句或疑問句。cant/couldnt afford to do sth付不起錢做某事，負(fù)擔(dān)不起做某事。如：I cannot afford to go because I dont have a bean.我沒法去，因?yàn)槲疑頍o分文。We cant afford to pay such a price.我們付不起這個(gè)價(jià)錢。2. Im proud to help people see again and improve

5、 their lives.幫助人們重見光明，改善他們的生活使我感到自豪?？键c(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥 be proud of sth./doing sth.be proud to do sth.be proud+that從句，意為“對(duì)（做）某事感到自豪”。如：Im proud that Im a Chinese.Im proud of being a Chinese.Im proud to be a Chinese.我為自己是中國(guó)人而驕傲。pride作名詞，意為“驕傲”。take pride in為而自豪。如：Today Im proud of my school and tomorrow my school w

6、ill take pride in my success.今天我以學(xué)校為榮，明天學(xué)校會(huì)以我的成功為傲。3. But more money is needed to carry on with our work.但是要繼續(xù)我們的工作需要更多的錢?？键c(diǎn)點(diǎn)拔 carry on with sth /carry on doing sth.continue to do sth. /continue doing sth繼續(xù)做某事。如：The doctor told her to carry on with the treatment.醫(yī)生叫她繼續(xù)治療。4Whats the matter?怎么了？有什么事嗎？

7、考點(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥 類似結(jié)構(gòu)：Whats the trouble? /Whats wrong?如果要表示“某人某物怎么了？”，要在后面加“with sb/sth”。如：Whats the matter with you? Whats the trouble with you? Whats wrong with you?你怎么啦？你有什么麻煩嗎？“Whats the matter (with)?/Whats the trouble(with)?/Whats wrong (with)?”這三個(gè)句型在充當(dāng)賓語從句時(shí)語序不變。如：Can you tell me whats the matter/the trou

8、ble/wrong with you?你能告訴我你怎么了嗎？5.so she made up her mind to train as a nurse所以她下決心接受培訓(xùn)當(dāng)一名護(hù)士考點(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥make up ones mind下決心，打定主意；make up ones mind to do sth下決心打定主意做某事。如：I make up my mind to finish the work in two days.我下決心在兩天內(nèi)完成這項(xiàng)工作。6. She is getting used to travelling by plane.她習(xí)慣了坐飛機(jī)往來于各地。考點(diǎn)點(diǎn)撥 be/get used

9、to (doing) sth習(xí)慣于（做）某事。如：He is used to taking notes of everything he did他習(xí)慣把他所做的一切事情都記下來。三、重點(diǎn)語法一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)英語中共有兩種語態(tài)：主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)。主動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，被動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的承受者。被動(dòng)語態(tài)是動(dòng)詞的一種特殊形式。一般說來，只有需要?jiǎng)幼鲗?duì)象的及物動(dòng)詞才有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。漢語往往用“被”“受”“給”“由”等詞表示被動(dòng)意義。如：Millie(主語)cleans(謂語)the room(賓語)every day.（主動(dòng)）動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者 動(dòng)作 動(dòng)作承受者The room(

10、主語)is cleaned(謂語)by Millie every day.（被動(dòng)）動(dòng)作承受者 動(dòng)作 動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者1被動(dòng)語態(tài)的用法(1)當(dāng)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者泛指或不言自明時(shí)，用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。這時(shí)一般不需要by結(jié)構(gòu)。如：Word processing skills are taught in our computerlessons.在我們的電腦課上傳授文字處理技術(shù)。(2)當(dāng)不知道或沒有必要說明動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)，用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。如：Some new computers in our school were stolen lastnight.昨天夜里我們學(xué)校里的一些新電腦被偷了。(3)突出或強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)

11、。如果需要說出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，用by結(jié)構(gòu)。如：The window was broken by Mike窗戶被邁克打破了。2被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成形式是“be動(dòng)詞+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞”。人稱、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的變化通過be動(dòng)詞的變化表現(xiàn)出來。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)構(gòu)成：amis/are+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞。如：Visitors are requested not to touch the machines.參觀者們被要求不要觸摸機(jī)器。一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)構(gòu)成：was/were+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞。如：Millie was invited to Kates birthday party last we

12、ek.上周米莉被邀請(qǐng)參加凱特的生日聚會(huì)。3主動(dòng)語態(tài)變被動(dòng)語態(tài)的方法先把主動(dòng)語態(tài)的賓語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)的主語，再把謂語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)(be+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞)，最后把主動(dòng)語態(tài)的主語放在介詞by后面作賓語，將主格變?yōu)橘e格。如：Her mother cooks meals at home. Meals are cooked by her mother at home.家里的飯菜是她母親做的。4主動(dòng)語態(tài)變被動(dòng)語態(tài)需要注意的問題：(1)謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)要與原句時(shí)態(tài)一致。如：I bought a new bike.（改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)）我買了一輛新自行車。誤：A new bike is bought by me.正：A

13、new bike was bought by me(2)含有雙賓語的主動(dòng)句變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句時(shí)，可以分別將其中的一個(gè)賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，另一個(gè)不變。一般變間接賓語為主語。如：My uncle gave me a present on my birthday. I was given a present (by my uncle) on my birthday我叔叔在我生日時(shí)給了我一個(gè)禮物。如果把直接賓語（指物）改為主語，要在間接賓語（指人）前加適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~to或for。如上句還可說：A present was given to me (by my uncle) on my birthday注意：動(dòng)詞bring

14、，give，lend，offer，pass，show，teach，tell等后面的間接賓語前常用介詞to動(dòng)詞buy, cook, get, keep, make, order, play, sing等后面的間接賓語前常用介詞for。如：My bike was lent to her.我的自行車借給她了。A new shirt was made for me by Mum.媽媽給我做了一件新襯衫。5在主動(dòng)語態(tài)中以省略to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的，改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)不能省略to(要把to補(bǔ)充出來)。如：I often see him play basketball in the playground

15、. He is often seen to play basketball (by me) in the playground.我經(jīng)?？匆娝诓賵?chǎng)上打籃球?！究键c(diǎn)精練】一、單項(xiàng)選擇( )1. (2014廣州)He is very surprised that all the houses in the village_ white. Apaint Bpainted C. are painting D. are painted( )2. (2014臨沂)Three bridges_ over the river five years ago. Abuilt B build C. were bui

16、lt D. are built( )3. (2014阜康、米泉)- Mary was heard _ just now. What happened? - John was telling her a joke. A cry B. to cry C. laugh D. to laugh( )4. The basketball match was really fantastic, _ when Jeremy Lin scored in the last second. A. probably Bespecially Cexactly Dmostly( )5. (2014揚(yáng)州) -Some ch

17、ildren cant afford _ necessary stationary. - Lets donate our pocket money to them Abuy B buying Cto buy Dbe bought( )6. (2014山西) -Mum! I did best in our group discussion today. - Well done! I_ you. Aam mad at Bam patient with C am proud of( )7. (2014江西) -Hi, John_? - Its Lucy, my dog. Her leg is hurt. A. How are you B. Whats the matter C. Whos that D. Whats Lucy like二、根