1、易學(xué),生動(dòng),詳細(xì),育英科技 王衡英語(yǔ),中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法,第一講 句子結(jié)構(gòu),主語(yǔ)：一個(gè)句子所敘述的主體。 句子中的第一個(gè)名詞或代詞.,主+謂+賓,1）簡(jiǎn)單句：只有一個(gè)主語(yǔ)（或并列主語(yǔ)）和一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)（或并列謂語(yǔ)）。 e.g. He often reads English in the morning. Tom and Mike are American boys. She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.,我們可以給句子的動(dòng)詞加上副詞修飾，給名詞加上形容詞、介詞短語(yǔ)修飾，給句子加上狀語(yǔ)進(jìn)行修飾等，以使整個(gè)句子的

2、意思變得更加的豐富和充實(shí)。但不管如何變，都只有一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)。 He worked hard all his life. (劃線部分在句中作狀語(yǔ)，修飾動(dòng)詞worked) He is a school student in No. 1 Middle School. (劃線部分在句中作定語(yǔ)，修飾名詞student),2) 并列句： 句型：簡(jiǎn)單句+并列連詞+簡(jiǎn)單句 并列句是由兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的簡(jiǎn)單句連接而成。并列句中的各簡(jiǎn)單句意義同等重要，相互之間沒(méi)有從屬關(guān)系，是平行并列的關(guān)系。它們之間用連詞連結(jié)。 e.g. You help him and he helps you. The future is br

3、ight; the road is tortuous.,并列句的分類,1、表示連接兩個(gè)同等概念，常用and, not onlybut also, neithernor, then等連接。 e.g. The teachers name is Smith, and the students name is John. 2、表示選擇，常用的連詞有or, eitheror, otherwise等。 e.g. Hurry up, or youll miss the train.,3、表示轉(zhuǎn)折，常用的連詞有but, still, yet, while, when等。 e.g. He was a littl

4、e man with thick glasses, but he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting. 4、表示因果關(guān)系，常用的連詞有so, for, 等。 e.g. August is the time of the year for rive harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark.,3）復(fù)合句：含有一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上從句的句子。 從句包括名詞性從句（主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從 句、表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句） 定語(yǔ)從句和狀語(yǔ)從句等。 句型 主句+連詞+從句；或

5、連詞+從句+主句 e.g. The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall.,復(fù)合句就是含有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上主謂結(jié)構(gòu)的句子。這種結(jié)構(gòu)中，必定有一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)是句子的主句部分，而另一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)則是句子的次要部分，即從句部分。 As is known to all, China is getting more and more powerful. (As 引導(dǎo)一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句) Where there is a will, there is a way. (Where引導(dǎo)一個(gè)表地點(diǎn)的狀語(yǔ)從句),Exe

6、rcises 判斷句型,1.Having finished his homework, the boy went on to help his mother. 2. What he says doesnt suit what he does.,(簡(jiǎn)單句劃線部分在句中作狀語(yǔ)，修飾整個(gè)句子),(復(fù)合句包含兩個(gè)名詞性從句：What he says 是一個(gè)主語(yǔ)從句；what he does 是一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句),3. We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon. 4. The boy who offered me his seat is calle

7、d Tom. 5. There is a chair in this room, isnt there?,簡(jiǎn)單句,復(fù)合句,簡(jiǎn)單句,6. He is in Class One and I am in Class Two. 7. He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child. 8. My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven in the evening.,并列句,復(fù)合句,簡(jiǎn)單句,9. Neither has h

8、e changed his mind, nor will he do so. 10. What he said at the meeting is very important, isnt it? 11. The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree. 12. Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.,并列句,復(fù)合句,簡(jiǎn)單句,簡(jiǎn)單句,Subject 主語(yǔ) S 主語(yǔ)句子中表明動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者或謂語(yǔ)描述對(duì)象的名詞、名詞短語(yǔ)或代詞,句子成分,Predicate 謂語(yǔ) V 謂語(yǔ)修飾主語(yǔ)。包括動(dòng)詞、賓語(yǔ)或動(dòng)詞所支配的短語(yǔ)

9、。 如 Jane opened the door. 或 The child is very sleepy.,句子成分,Object 賓語(yǔ) O - Predicative 表語(yǔ) P 賓語(yǔ)一個(gè)句子中接受動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作或受動(dòng)詞影響的名詞或名詞性詞組 系動(dòng)詞 表語(yǔ)（名詞/形容詞） 及物動(dòng)詞 賓語(yǔ)（名詞）,句子成分,Attribute 定語(yǔ) Attrib. 定語(yǔ)指一個(gè)詞或短語(yǔ)(多為形容詞或名詞詞組)，在句法上從屬于它所修飾的詞或短語(yǔ) 如：my sisters brown dog Adverbial 狀語(yǔ) adv.,句子成分,Complement 補(bǔ)語(yǔ) C 補(bǔ)語(yǔ)跟在一個(gè)動(dòng)詞后的一個(gè)或幾個(gè)單詞共同組成的謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)

10、 (多為不定式或介詞短語(yǔ)) 如： We like to eat ice cream.,句子成分,Appositive 同位語(yǔ) 同位語(yǔ)重復(fù)指代并進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明名詞及名詞性詞語(yǔ)。由名詞、名詞性詞語(yǔ)、從句等充當(dāng)，放在被修飾詞后。 如： They all work hard. John, a friend of hers, has gone.,句子成分(Members of Sentence),句子基本結(jié)構(gòu)(5種) 1) 主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)(S+V) Day dawns. 天亮了.,句子 (Sentence),句子基本結(jié)構(gòu)(5種) 2) 主語(yǔ)+連系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)(S+L+P) He is a professor. 他是一位教授.,句子 (Sentence),句子基本結(jié)構(gòu)(5種) 3) 主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)(S+V+O) She understands French. 她懂法語(yǔ).,句子 (Sentence),句子基本結(jié)構(gòu)(5種) 4) 主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+間接