1、,Direct speech 直接引語 Reported speech 間接引語.,直接引述別人的 話，要加引號,用自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述 別人的話，不用 引號,引述別人的話語一般采用兩種方式: 原封不動地引用原話,把它放在括號內(nèi),這叫直接引語; 二. 用自己的話加以轉(zhuǎn)述, 這叫間接引語 .,）人稱的變化,一 隨 主,二隨賓,三 不 變,引號內(nèi)的第一人 稱變間引后與主 句主語的人稱保 持一致,引號內(nèi)的第二人 稱變間引后與主 句賓語的人稱保 持一致,引號內(nèi)的第三人 稱在變間引后去人 稱不變,She said,“ I like Tennis.”,She said that she liked tennis,

2、He said to Lily, “ you must get up early”,He told Lily that she must get up early,She said to me , “ They want to help him”,She told me that That they wanted help him,一隨主，二隨賓，三不變,一般現(xiàn)在時,一般過去時,現(xiàn)在進行時,過去進行時,現(xiàn)在完成時,過去完成時,一般過去時,過去完成時,過去完成時,不變,一般將來時,過去將來時,直接引語中的時間狀語轉(zhuǎn)換規(guī)則：,記?。褐甘敬~、時間狀語、地點狀語和 動詞的變化,this,that,t

3、hese,those,now,then,that day,today,yesterday,the day before,tomorrow,the next day,next week（month，year）,the next week(month, year),here,there,come,go,this week,that week,一、如何變?nèi)朔Q： 口訣：一隨主。二隨賓，第三不變。,“一隨主”是指在直接引語變間接引語時，如果從句中的主語是第一人稱或被第一人稱所修飾。從句中的人稱要按照主句中主語的人稱變化如： Shesaid.Mybrotherwantstogo shoppingwithm

4、e.” Shesaidherbrother wantedtogo shoppingwithher.,The boy said ,” Im reading a book.”,Direct speech 直接引語,The boy said (that) he was reading a book.,Reported speech 間接引語.,“二隨賓”是指直接引語變間接引語時，若從句中的主語及賓語是第二人稱或被第二人你所修飾。從句中的人稱要跟引號外的主句的賓語一致。如果引號外的主句沒有賓語。也可以用第一人稱，如：,HesaidtoKate.Howisyoursisternow?” HeaskedK

5、atehowhersisterwasthen。,“第三人稱不更新”是指直接引語變間接引語時。如果從句中的主語及賓語是第三人稱或被第三人稱所修飾從句中的人稱一般不需要變化如：,Mr.Smithsaid, “Jackisagoodboy.” Mr.SmithsaidJackwasagoodboy.,Practice: 1) He said,“ My brother failed in the exam.” He said _brother had failed in the exam. 2) He said to Mary,“ How is your mother now?” he asked M

6、ary how _mother was then. 3)My teacher said, she is a good student. My teacher said _was a good student 4) He said to me,“ Ive left her book in your room” He told me that _had left _ book in _ room.,his,her,she,he,her,my,He says,“Is Tom a student or a teacher？” He asks whether Tom is a student or a

7、teacher. He asked me, Do you like playing football?“ He asked me if/whether I liked playing football. My sister asked me : “ What is your friend?” My sister asked me what my friend was. Jack asked me, How do you like the film? Jack asked me how I liked the film. The solider ordered,“Be quiet.” The s

8、olider ordered us to be quiet. He said to her,“Open the door, please.” He asked her to open the door. She says,“I will go to Beijing next month.” She says (that) she will go to Beijing the next month. He often says “ I shall tell you about them.” He often tells me that he will tell me about them.,記住

9、： 動詞時態(tài)的變化,1 陳述句 直接引語如果是陳述句，變?yōu)殚g接引語時，用連詞that引導(dǎo)（that在口語中常省略） 一般現(xiàn)在時 He said, “ I can do well in English.” 現(xiàn)在進行時 He said, “Im writing a letter.” 一般將來時 Tom said to me “I will call you tomorrow”,一般過去時,過去進行時,過去將來時, He said that he could do well in English., He said that he was writing a letter.,Tom told me

10、that he would call me the next day.,注： 如果主句是一般現(xiàn)在時，直接引語變間接引語時，從句的時態(tài)不變。 He says, “Im not good at math. ”,He says that he is not good at math.,注意： (1)如果在當天轉(zhuǎn)述today,yesterday, tomorrow 等時間狀語也不必改變。 (2)如果在當?shù)剞D(zhuǎn)述，here 不必改為there，動詞come 不必改為go. (3)當轉(zhuǎn)述客觀真理時，直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時，時態(tài)不變。如：1.Hesaid ,“Themoonmovesaroundtheeart

11、h. He saidthatthemoonmovesaroundtheearth. (4)為了表示引述的狀態(tài)和情況到現(xiàn)在仍然是事實時，也經(jīng)常用一般現(xiàn)在時。 My teacher said, “Tom is a good student. ” My teacher said Tom is a good student.,I can speak three languages.,He said he could speak three languages.,What did he say?,I am mad at Marcia.,He said he was mad at Marcia.,What

12、 did he say?,What did they say? They said they were having a party for Lana.,she was hard-working,I am hard- working.,What did she say?,She said,she was not lazy.,What did she say?,She said,I am not lazy.,he was good at playing basketball.,What did he say?,He said,Im good at playing basketball.,I am

13、 good at English.,She said she was good at English.,What did she say?,What did she say?,I do well in English.,She said she did well in English.,do well in,I do well in English.,I go to beach every Sunday.,What did he say? He said he_.,went to beach every Sunday,What did she say? She said she_.,would

14、 call me tomorrow,I will call you tomorrow.,“What are you doing?”,She asked me,I was doing.,what,“Why do you like English?”,He asked me,I liked English,why,“Where does he live?”,She asked me,he lived.,where,“How does she go to school?”,She asked me,She went to school.,how,“Do you know my name?”,She

15、asked me,I knew her name.,Whether / if,是否,When do you have math? ( They asked him ),They asked him,when,you have math,you have math.,he,had,They asked him when he had math.,Summary(總結(jié)),1.特殊疑問句直接引語變間接引語,Do you have math? ( They asked him ),They asked him,Whether/if,you have math,you have math.,he,had

16、,They asked him whether/if he had math.,2.一般疑問句直接引語變間接引語,將下列直接引語的句子改寫為間接引語: 1. Lana said, Im going to have a surprise party for Maria. Lana said that she was going to have a surprise party for Maria.,Can you play the piano? ( They asked him ),They asked him,Whether/if,You can play the piano,you can

17、play the piano.,he,could,They asked him whether/if he could play the piano.,She said to me “ Why are you interested in science?” She asked me _ _ _interested in science. 2. He asked him “when will you buy the red coat?” He asked him _ _ _ buy the red coat. 3. Shirley asked me “Where were you born?”

18、Shirley asked me _ _ _ born. 4. “ Whats wrong with you?” Lily asked me. Lily asked me _ _ _ with _. 5. The girl asked me “What happened?” The girl asked me _ _.,Exercises:,why I was,when he would,where I was,what was wrong me,what happened,1. “Where is she from?” He asked where she was from. 2. “How

19、 old are they?” He asked how old they were. 3. “Whats the weather like today?” He asked what the weather was like that day. 4. “How do you go to school?.” He asked how you went to school. 5. “Who is singing?” He asked who was singing. 6. “When do you get up?” He wanted to know when I got up.,直接引語轉(zhuǎn)間接

20、引語其他部分變化,here over here tonight now today yesterday tomorrow last week/month/year next week/month/year ago the day after tomorrow this these come bring,there over there that night then that day the day before the next day the week/moth/yearbefore the next week/month/year before two days later that t

21、hose go take,1、直接引語中的時間狀語轉(zhuǎn)換規(guī)則：,2、直接引語中的指示代詞轉(zhuǎn)換規(guī)則：,3、直接引語中動詞come在間接引語中用go:,4、直接引語中副詞here在間接引語中用there：,5、如果是在當天或在原地轉(zhuǎn)達，則上述時間狀語 或地點狀語一律不變：,注意！,this,that,these,those,2. The teacher said, My students are hard-working. The teacher said that his/ her students were hardworking. 3. Tom told Jane, I will lend m

22、y bicycle to you. Tom told Jane that he would lend his bicycle to her/Jane.,5.Shesaidtohim,“Itstime to go home.”,4.Mr.Wangsaid,“IwillleaveforShanghainextmonth.”,Mr.WangsaidthathewouldleaveforShanghaithenextmonth.,Shetoldhimthatitwastime to go home.,2. 直接引語如果是疑問句，變?yōu)殚g接引語時，要 把疑問句語序改為陳述句語序。 1）一般疑問句。用whe

23、ther或if(是否）引導(dǎo)。主句中的動詞是said時改為asked，沒有間接賓語的，可以加一個間接賓語me/him /her。 Eg. Hesaid,“Areyouastudent?” 疑問語序,Heasked mewhether /if Iwasastudent.,陳述語序,2) 特殊疑問句:由直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時, 仍用原來的疑問詞引導(dǎo).要把疑問句語序改為陳述句語序。 Eg.“Whereareyougoing?”Fatherasked hisson. Eg.The policeman asked the small boy, “Where do you live?”,The police

24、man asked the small boy where he lived.,Father asked his son where he was going,疑問語序,陳述語序,疑問語序,陳述語序,3. 當直接引語是祈使句，變?yōu)殚g接引語時,間接祈使句的引述動詞常用tell, ask, order, 等, 而把直接引語的祈使句變成帶 (not) to的不定式短語。 句型： tell/ask/order sb (not)to do sth 如:,1 The teacher said to the students, “Stop talking.” 老師對學(xué)生們說: “不要講話了。” The te

25、acher told the students to stop talking. 老師讓學(xué)生們不要說話了。 2.The teacher said to us,”Dont play in class. The teacher told/asked us not to play in class.,change the direct speech into reported speech,1 The girl said,“I will have a party.” The girl said (that) she would have a party. 2 He asked me,“Is your

26、 father a doctor?” He asked me if /whether my father was a doctor. 3 The police asked the man ,“Where are you going?” The police asked the man where he was going.,4 Mother said to Tom,“get up earlier!” Mother told/asked Tom to get up earlier. 5 The teacher said to us,“ Dont talk in class!” The teach

27、er told /asked us not to talk in class. 6 The teacher said,“ The moon goes around the earth.” The teacher said(that) the moon goes around the earth.,1. “I am good at English ,” Lucy said. 2. “Li Lei is reading a book,” Peter said to Lucy. 3. “We will have a football match,” he told his mother.,Lucy

28、said she was good at English.,Peter told Lucy that Li Lei was reading a book.,He told his mother they would have a football match .,二. 把下列句子變?yōu)殚g接引語。,4. “They go to school every day except Saturday and Sunday,” the boy said.,The boy said they went to school every day except Saturday and Sunday.,5. She asked me, Why do you want to do this? She asked me why I wanted to do that.,Summary 1當直接引語是陳述句：由( that) 引導(dǎo) 主語（said) that+句子（時態(tài)往過去推 told 2 當直接引語是一般疑問句: 用