1、定語從句,By Luelue,定句從句： 在句中有一個具有主謂結構完整的句子來充當定語，修飾前面的名詞（短語）或代詞。 這個起修飾作用的從句稱為定語從句。 Youre the person who deeply shocked me.,先行詞 被定語從句所修飾或限制的對象。 Youre the person who deeply shocked me. *先行詞可以是:一個詞、短語、完整的句子。 I like watching TV, which is my favourite hobby. She always be late for appointments, which annoyed

2、most of her friends.,關系詞 連接先行詞和從句； 且在定語從句中充當成分 Youre the person who deeply shocked me. *關系詞分為關系代詞和關系副詞 常見關系代詞有 who、whom、whose、which、that 常見關系副詞有 when、 where、why,關系代詞的用法,關系代詞在從句中可以：,何時可以省略？,做賓語時可以省略, The boy is Tom. The boy is smiling.,The boy who is smiling is Tom. (主語),who/whom的區(qū)別： who在定語從句中可作主語、賓語

3、或表語，但前不能接介詞，whom可以。,The person whom you saw in the park is my teacher.,The film which we saw yesterday is exciting. That is the girl whose pronunciation is the best in our class. We study in the classroom whose window faces south.,介詞+關系代詞 The man who/whom/that I nodded to is Mr. Li. =The man to whom

4、 I nodded is Mr. Li. This is the library which /that you borrow books from. =This is the library from which you borrow books .,*在從句中作賓語的關系代詞可以省略 a.Sam likes the gift which we sent for his birthday. b.Sam likes the gift that we sent for his birthday. c.Sam likes the gift we sent for his birthday. 四關系

5、副詞 常見的關系副詞有when, where,why,.When 的用法: 1.先行詞是表時間的名詞，when=on which Ill never forget the day when I met you. Ill never forget the day on which I met you. 2. when在從句中作時間狀語：若定語從句不是缺狀語，而是缺主語或賓語，要用which/that來引導。 Ill never forget the time which I spent on campus. Ill never forget the day when we first met i

6、n the park.,3.when 的先行詞可以是含有時間意義的抽象名詞。 （09四川20）10. Shell never forget her stay there _ she found her son who had gone missing two years before. that B. which C. where D. when . Where 的用法 1.先行詞是表地點的名詞，如place/house等。Where=at/in which This is the town where I spent my childhood. This is the town in whi

7、ch I spent my childhood.,2.where在句中作地點狀語：若定語從句缺主語或賓語，要用which/that引導定語從句。 This is the town where I spent my childhood. This is the town which I told you about before. 3.where 的先行詞可以是含有地點意義的抽象名詞，如situation,point等。,2007 江西卷7. After gradutation she reached a point in her career she heeded to decion what

8、 to do. A.that B.what C.which D.where . Why的用法： 1. 先行詞是reason等表原因的名詞 why=for which You are the reason why I stay. 2. *只引導限制性定語從句,五介詞+關系代詞 .從定語從句中找線索 1.定語從句中的動詞：所選介詞需于動詞搭配 （09陜西11） Gun control is a subject _ Americans have argued for a long time. of which B. with which C. about which D. into which 2.

9、定語從句中的形容詞 He referred me to some reference book with which I am not vey familiar.,3.定語從句中的名詞 I am sending you an inquiry, to which your prompt attention is highly appreciated. .從先行詞判斷：介詞與先行詞構成固定搭配 At the area, to the extent, to the degree,at the temperature ,etc. 2007 重慶卷 30 Human facial expressions

10、 differ from those of animals in the degree _ they can be controlled on purpose. A. with which B. to which C. of which D. for which,.表示所屬關系或部分關系與整體關系時用介詞of (08 四川卷)4. For many cities in the world, there is no room to spread our further, _ New York is an example. A. for which B. in which C. of which

11、D. from which,如何確定關系代詞前的介詞,4.要表示先行詞的一部分時，可用“數(shù)詞/代詞 + of + 關系代詞”的結構，如： e.g. There are 50 students in our class, two- thirds of whom have been to Beijing. he was paid for cleaning the windows, most of which hadnt been cleaned for years.,This is the park that we visited last year. This is the park where

12、 we held a birthday party.,關系副詞充當?shù)氖菭钫Z。 注意：定語從句是否完整,不完整要用關系代詞, 及物動詞后缺少賓語的,也要用關系代詞。,關系副詞的用法,Do you still remember the days when we stayed there together? This is the place where we had a good time. Do you know the reason why he didnt come here?,限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句：,My sister, who is twenty, works in a ba

13、nk.,The man who came here yesterday has come again.,限制性定語從句是先行詞在意義上不可缺少的定語， 如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意義。這種從 句和主句關系十分密切， 寫時不用逗號分開。,非限制性定語從句和主句關系不很密切，只是對先 行詞作些附加說明， 如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。 這種從句， 寫時往往逗號分開。,非限制性定語從句的特點 非限制性定語從句有逗號 非限制性定語從句不用that，why 非限制性定語從句與主句關系不密切；拿掉仍然清晰 任何關系代詞或關系副詞都不能省.(即使是充當賓語),什么時間只能用非限制性定語從句? sun

14、, earth, moon 獨一無二的 We lived on the earth, which moves around the sun. father, mother, wife, husband Toms father, who is a doctor , is 50years old. 專用名詞；人名；地名 Hong Kong, The Tian An Men Square 指前面整個情況 He passed the exam, which made his parents happy.,最好用that的情況（重點記憶） A.先行詞既是有人又有物時 The writer and his

15、 novels that the article deals with are quite familiar to us. B.先行詞為指物的all/little/few/much/none/the first時 As long as you stand up to the difficulties, there are none that cannot be overcome. C.先行詞是不定代詞something/anything/nothing/everything時 Is there anything that I can do for you? D.先行詞被any/only/all

16、/every/no/some/much/few/little/序數(shù)詞/最高級/the only/the one/ the very/the right/the last修飾時,定語從句考點： 主謂一致 要點6 I, who your good friend, will surely lend you a hand when you are in trouble. is B. are C. am D. was He is one of the students who have got straight As. He is the only one of the students who has

17、 got straight As.,七that引導的定語從句和同位語從句 區(qū)別： 1.that是否作成分 2.從句的作用 The rumor that he spreat everywhere turned out to be untrue. The rumor that Tom was a thief turned out to be untrue.,八幾個特殊關系詞 As的用法 1.as引導限制性定語從句時，只出現(xiàn)在固定的結構中，先行詞前常有形容詞such , the same時，關系詞用as，構成such-as (像-之類)，the same -as (和-同樣的句型 He tried

18、to make as few mistakes as he could avoided. 2.as引導非限制性定語從句可位于句首，which不行 As is known, the whale is not fish but a mammal. 3.as和which都可引導非限制性定語從句，代替前面整個句子。,As引導時有“正好”，“就像”，“由而知”的含義。若從句和主句內(nèi)容上是一致或是順接的關系，用as。若從句和主句內(nèi)容上不一致，或從句對主句內(nèi)容起反對、否定等消極作用時，多用which。 (09天津 15）12 I travel to the Binhai New Area by light

19、railway every day, _ do many businessmen who live in downtown Tianjin. （as） A. as B. which C. when D. though,What的用法： 含義為the thing that; all that 1.what前不能有先行詞：what=“特定的先行詞+that” All_ is a continuous supply of the basic necessities of life. what is needed B.the things needed C.for our needs D. that is needed 2.what 單獨使用作關系代詞表人也表物 S