1、基本句型 四 （主謂間賓 直賓）,1,共同特點(diǎn)：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須跟有兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)才能表達(dá)完整的意思。這兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)一個(gè)是動(dòng)作的直接承受者，另一個(gè)是動(dòng)作的間接承受者。, （及物） O間接賓語(yǔ) O直接賓語(yǔ) （常用于人） （常用于物） She passed him a new dress. She cooked her a delicious meal. He bought you a dictionary. I told her nothing.,2,間接賓語(yǔ),間接賓語(yǔ)：表示動(dòng)作對(duì)誰(shuí)或?yàn)檎l(shuí)做的，一般是人。 Eg. Lucy passed him a pen.(動(dòng)作pass是為him做的） My mother

2、gave me some money on Sunday.(動(dòng)作gave是為me做的。）,3,直接賓語(yǔ),直接賓語(yǔ)：表示動(dòng)作的承受著 Eg. He gave me a book. (book才是gave的承受著） I teach you English.（English 才是teach 的承受著）,4,翻譯練習(xí),I gave him a hand. 我給他搭了一把手。 John sent Mary some flowers. 約翰送了許多花給瑪麗。 He gives me some seeds. 他給我一些種子。 Mr. Johnson taught us German last year. 約

3、翰森去年教我們德語(yǔ)。 He gave Tom a present. 他給湯姆一件禮物. We sent them a telegram. 我們給他們打了個(gè)電報(bào)。,5,媽媽在家教我做飯。 他借給我一些錢(qián)。 音樂(lè)老師教我們彈琴。 請(qǐng)把我的筆還給我。 她給我?guī)?lái)了一個(gè)雞蛋。 他媽媽把鑰匙給他了。 請(qǐng)把作業(yè)給我看。 她送給那個(gè)小孩一個(gè)玩具。 媽媽給我買(mǎi)了一本故事。 老師上課的時(shí)候給我們講了一個(gè)故事。,6,Find the difference,He bought me a gift. He bought a gift for me. She gave me a pen. She gave a pen

4、to me.,7,To 與 For 的區(qū)別,for: 側(cè)重指動(dòng)作的受益者，表示為了某人 make、buy、get、play、order、sing、pay、 buy, call, cook, choose, draw, find, get, make, order, sing, save, spare to: 側(cè)重指動(dòng)作的方向，表示朝著，向著，對(duì)著某人 give、 show 、send 、bring、 read、 pass、 lend 、 tell、 return、 write、 throw、 promise、 refuse bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pas

5、s, pay, promise, return, send, show, teach, tell, write, ask,8,間接賓語(yǔ)的位置,1. She made me a cake. 2. He gave me a new bicycle. 間接賓語(yǔ)通常位于直接賓語(yǔ)之前 1. She made it for me. 2. I pass it to my mother. 當(dāng)直接賓語(yǔ)是人稱(chēng)代詞時(shí)，間接賓語(yǔ)位于直接賓語(yǔ)之后，這時(shí)在間接賓語(yǔ)前必須加 to 或 for。,9,被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),We sent them a telegram. We sent a telegram to them. 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：

6、 A：They were sent a telegram. 他們收到了一份電報(bào)。 B：A telegram was sent to them. 一份電報(bào)發(fā)給了他們。,10,Practice,Grandma told me an interesting story last night. Would you please pass me the dictionary? He showed the ticket to the conductor. Shall I call you a taxi? The new machine will save you a lot of labour. He b

7、ought a new coat for his mother with his first months salary.,11,She ordered herself a new dress. She cooked her husband a delicious meal. He brought you a dictionary. He denies her nothing. I showed him my pictures. I gave my car a wash.,12,直接賓語(yǔ)的變式, （及物） O間接賓語(yǔ) 疑問(wèn)詞 +to do （常用于人） He showed me how to

8、run the machine. I told him what to do. He asked me why to sing this song. She asked me which way to go.,13,He showed me how to run the machine. I dont know what to do.,14,I told him that the bus was late.,主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ),間接賓語(yǔ),直接賓語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ)從句：在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)的句子,15,賓語(yǔ)從句的構(gòu)成,I knew that the bus was late. We are talking abou

9、t what well do next. I am not sure whether they will leave. 賓語(yǔ)從句位于及物動(dòng)詞，介詞和形容詞后，充當(dāng)復(fù)合句中的賓語(yǔ)。 表示情感的形容詞：sure, certain, glad, pleased, happy, afraid, surprised, satisfied, sorry,主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ),連接詞,簡(jiǎn)單句,16,賓語(yǔ)從句的連接詞,從屬連詞： that whether if 連接代詞：who whom whose which what whoever, whatever, whichever 連接副詞：when where why

10、how,17,That,The teacher knows that he doesnt know the answer. We are clear that the sun rises in the east. I believe that you have tried your best. that 在從句中不擔(dān)任句子成分，無(wú)實(shí)際意義. 2) 在表“要求，命令，建議，堅(jiān)持”的動(dòng)詞insist, suggest, request, propose, advise, demand, order等后面that 引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”，should 可省略 He s

11、uggested that we (should) start early tomorrow. His pale face suggested that he was ill.,18,Whether / if,We are worried about whether he is safe. I dont know whether he will come or not. They havent decided whether to stay. They discussed whether he can finish the work in this way. Discuss，介詞，or not

12、, 不定式 用 whether. I asked her whether/if she had a bike.,19,連接代詞,在從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ) we dont know who did this. We dont know whom he is talking to. We dont know which book he chose. We dont know whose car it is. We dont know what he did. You can do whatever you want to do. You can choose whichever you

13、like.,20,連接副詞,在從句中充當(dāng)時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、方式狀語(yǔ)。 He goes there yesterday by bike because it rains. We know where he goes. We know when he goes there. We know how he goes there. We know why he goes there.,21,賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài),A1: He says that he finished his homework yesterday. A2: He says that he will finish his homework t

14、omorrow. A3: He says that he finishes his homework today. 主句是現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)?lái)時(shí)，從句時(shí)態(tài)不受影響。,22,主句是過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，從句時(shí)態(tài)改為相應(yīng)的過(guò)去的某種時(shí)態(tài)。,A1: He says that he finished his homework yesterday. B1: He said that he had finished his homework the day before. 一般過(guò)去時(shí)改為過(guò)去完成時(shí)。 A2: He says that he will finish his homework tomorrow. B2: He s

15、aid that he would finish his homework the day after. 一般將來(lái)時(shí)改為過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。 A3: He says that he finishes his homework today. B3: He said that he finished his homework that day. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)改為一般過(guò)去時(shí)。,23,He says that the sun rises in the east. He said that the sun rises in the east. 從句表示客觀事實(shí)、自然現(xiàn)象或真理時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。,24,It 作

16、形式賓語(yǔ),回顧：形式主語(yǔ) It + be + adj. + (for sb.) + to do sth. 1. It is important for students to study hard. 2. It is difficult for them to finish the work. 及物動(dòng)詞 + it + n/adj + that 從句 動(dòng)詞有：find, consider, think, feel, believe, make I have made it clear that I will not go to school. He made it a rule to read

17、English everyday. 習(xí)慣上在從句前加形式賓語(yǔ)it Enjoy, love, like, hate, appreciate, take, hide, see to, insist on, depend on, rely on I hate it when people talk with mouth full.,25,That 的省略,動(dòng)詞后連接兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，第一個(gè)that可省略，其余的一般不能省略。 I believe (that) you have tried your best and that things will be all right. 主句謂語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)從句之間有插入語(yǔ)時(shí)，that 不能省略 He said, believe it or not, that he is a millionaire.,26,8