1、The use of -ing,(not) doing,(not) being done,(not) having done,(not) having been done,二: V-ing 可作主語、賓語、表語; 定語、狀語和賓語補(bǔ)足語，但不能單獨(dú)作謂語。 V-ing 形式表示的動(dòng)作與主要?jiǎng)釉~同時(shí)發(fā)生或發(fā)生在主要?jiǎng)釉~之后，用其一般式; V-ing 形式表示的動(dòng)作在主要?jiǎng)釉~之前發(fā)生，用其完成時(shí)，在具體應(yīng)用中也常以一般式代替完成式。,V-ing 的用法：,1.作主語 Swimming is good for health. _ (raise) your hat to a a lady is goo

2、d manners . 對(duì)一位女士脫帽致敬是禮貌的。 _ (kill) by sharks in the sea is a common thing .,Raising,Being killed,2. 作表語 Teaching is learning. 教學(xué)相長(zhǎng) My hobby is _ (make) model planes. What worried the child most was _ (not, allow) to visit his mother in the hospital .,making,not being allowed,注意： 動(dòng)名詞和不定式都可以作主語，動(dòng)名詞作主

3、語表示一般或抽象的多次性行為，不定式作主語往往表示具體的或一次性的動(dòng)作。如： Playing with fire is dangerous. （泛指玩火） To play with fire will be dangerous. （指一具體動(dòng)作）,2). V-ing形式和不定式都要有對(duì)稱性;當(dāng)主語是不定式時(shí)，表語也用不定式；反之，當(dāng)主語是 V-ing 形式時(shí)，表語也用 V-ing 形式。 To see is to believe. = Seeing is believing.,注意,3). Its no use (good) doing sth Its a waste of time doin

4、g sth it 作形式主語, 只用V-ing,不用不定式。 It is + adj. + (for sb ) to do sth It is no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水難收。 It is a waste of time _ (talk) to him . It is important for me _ (learn) English .,talking,to learn,_ the exam will disappoint your parents. A. You failing B. Your failing C. You fail D. You

5、to fail. 2. _ the same mistake again made his parents very angry. A. His being made B. He has made C. He had making D. His making 3. I dont think its much good _ to him. A. writing B. to write C. write D. written 4. Such books are not worthy _ at all. A. of being read B. being read C. reading D. to

6、read 5.It is no use _ without through _. A. to read; understood B. reading; understanding C. to read; understand D. read; to understand,Exercises,3.作賓語 V-ing 形式既可作動(dòng)詞的賓語, 也可作介詞的賓語。 We would appreciate hearing from you 我們會(huì)珍惜你的來信。 The bird escaped _ (catch) . I feel like _ (join) the army. He was afrai

7、d of _ (abandon) by us.,being abandoned,being caught,joining,注意： 在 avoid, admit, appreciate, consider, delay, enjoy, escape, excuse, finish, forgive, imagine, mind, miss, practise, risk, suggest, give up, put off, feel like, insist on , instead of, look forward to, object to, keep on等后只接V-ing形式作賓語。,

8、Exercises,1.The thief entered the room without _. A. noticing B. being noticed C. having noticed D. having been noticed 2. Besides _, she is kind and tender.A. beautiful B. being beautiful C. she beautiful D. is beautiful 3. When he heard the big noise, Tom stopped _ and _ to the window to see what

9、was happening. A. to read; went B. reading; to go C. reading; going D. reading; went 4.I am busy _ for the entrance examination, so I cant help _ housework at home. A. preparing; doing B. preparing; to do C. to prepare; doing D. to prepare; to do,注意 在want，need，require，deserve等動(dòng)詞之后作賓語時(shí)，常用動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)式表示被動(dòng)意

10、義。 Your car needs filling. 你這車要充氣了。This city deserves visiting. 這座城市值得光顧一下。The problem requires studying carefully . 這個(gè)問題需要認(rèn)真研究。The trees want watering . 這些樹需要澆水了。,在（be）worth后面只能用動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)態(tài)來表示被動(dòng)意義。 His suggestion is worth considering. The book is worth reading.,在allow，advise，forbid，permit等動(dòng)詞后直接跟動(dòng)名詞形式作賓

11、語，如果后面有名詞或代詞作賓語，其后用動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。如： We dont allow smoking here. We dont allow students to smoke.,1.Sorry, we dont allow _ in the lecture room. A. to smoke B. smoke C. smoking D. to smoking 2. . They dont permit _ noise her. A. to make B. make C. making D. made 3. The sentence wants _ once more. A. to

12、explain B. explaining C. being explained D. to be explained it 4. The squirrel was lucky that it just missed _. A. catching B. to be caught C. being caught D. to catch,Exercises,5. Ali said that she wouldnt mind _ alone at home. A. leftB. being left C. to be leftD. leaving 6. She _ the key. A. admit

13、ted takingB. admitted taking C. admitted having taken D. admitted to have taken 7. Did you enjoy yourself last night? Its very nice of you. I appreciated _ to the party. A. to be invited B. to have invited C. being invited D. having been invited 8. While were developing agriculture and industry, we

14、must prevent the earth _. A. from polluting B. polluted C. pollutingD. being polluted,4. 作定語 The girl standing there is my sister . This is a piece of _ (surprise) news . The problem_ (discuss) now is very important. The farmers _ (work) in the fields are tired .,surprising,being discussed,working,5

15、. 作狀語 Hearing the good news , he jumped with joy . He sat at the table , _ ( read ) China Daily . _ (ask) to answer the question, she couldnt refuse. _ ( work ) hard , you will succeed .,reading,Working,Being asked,6. 作賓語補(bǔ)足語: I saw people coming and going in the street . I heard her _ (sing) a song

16、in her room. Youll find the topic _ (discuss) everywhere now.,being discussed,singing,7.- Ving 一般時(shí)和一般時(shí)的被動(dòng)形式; He hurried home , looking behind from time to time . 2) The building being repaired is our dormitory .,- Ving 的完成時(shí)和完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)形式,1) Having lit a candle , she went out. 2) Having been asked to stay

17、 , I couldnt leave . 3) Having heard this , our teacher expressed her satisfaction .,8. 在絕大數(shù)情況下，的邏輯主語是句子的主語，但有時(shí)前可有一個(gè)名詞或代詞表示視神經(jīng)邏輯上的主語，這種帶邏輯主語的稱為獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)。 The meeting being over, we all left the room and drove home. 會(huì)議結(jié)束后，我們都離開房間開車走了。 It being a holiday, all the shops were shut. 由于今天是假日，所有商店都關(guān)門了。,9. 有少數(shù)并不

18、表示句子主語的動(dòng)作，而是表示說話人的態(tài)度。 Generally speaking, the novel is not very inspiring. 總的來說，這部小說并不感人。 Judging from what you say, he ought to succeed. 從你說的情況看，他應(yīng)能成功。,Practice 1. - What made Bill so angry? - _. His girl friend promised to come at 8:30, but she hasnt come yet. A. Having kept waiting B. Being kept

19、waiting C. To be kept waiting D. Being kept waited,B,2. The building _ in our school is for us teachers. Though theres noise most of the day, we still feel happy about it. A. built B. having been built C. to be built D. being built,D,3. The squirrel was lucky that it just missed _. A. catching B. to

20、 be caught C. being caught D. to catch,C,4. While shopping, people sometimes cant help _ into buying something they dont really need. A. to persuaded B. persuading C. being persuaded D. be persuaded,C,5. _ many times, the boy still didnt know how to do the exercises. A. Having taught B. Having been

21、taught C. taught D. Teaching,B,6. _ the whole story, Jane decided not to see the film. A. Having been told B. Having told C. Been told D. Telling,A,Fill in the blanks : _ (turn) to the right , you will find the place you want . 2. _ (ask) to put on performance , she refused . 3. _ (finish) his work

22、, Henry went home . 4. _ (learn) new words is useful.,Turning,Being asked,Having finished,Learning,5. He disliked _ (interrupt) in his experiment . 6. I apologize for _ (not, wait) for you . 7. _ (not, receive) an answer , I wrote to him again . 8. _ (give) such a good chance , you should catch it .

23、,being interrupted,not having waited,Not having received,Having been given,9. I didnt mind _ (leave) at home . 10. The house wants _ (clean). 11. He came in without _ (ask). 12. _ (show) around the library , we were taken to see the lab.,being left,cleaning,being asked,Having been shown,鞏固練習(xí)：,1. I c

24、an hardly imagine Peter _ across the Atlantic Ocean in five days. A. sail B. to sail C. sailing D. to have sailed,C,2. The light in the office is still on. Oh, I forgot_ A. turning it off B. turn it off C. to turn it off D. having turned it off,C,3. I would appreciate _ back this afternoon. A. you t

25、o call B. you call C. your calling D. youre calling,C,4. How about the two of us _ a walk down the garden? A. To take B. take C. taking D. to be taking,C,5. I must apologize for _ ahead of time. That all right. A. letting you not know B. not letting you know C. letting you know not D. letting not yo

26、u know,B,6. You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting. Well, now I regret _ that. A. to do B. to be doing C. to have done D. having done,D,7. He has always insisted on his _ Dr Turner instead of Mr Turner. A. been called B. called C. having called D. being called,D,8. Do you mind _ al

27、one at home? A. Jane leaving B. Jane having left C. Janes being left D. Jane to be left,C,9. She looks forward every spring to _ the flower-lined garden. A. visit B. paying a visit C. walk in D. walking in,D,10. Once your business becomes international, _ constantly will be part of your life. A. you

28、 fly B. your flight C. flight D. flying,D,12. What do you think made Mary so upset? _ her new bicycle. A. As she lost B. Lost C. Losing D. Because of losing,C,13. Let me tell you something about the journalists. Dont you remember _the story yesterday? A. told B. telling C. to tell D. to have told,B,

29、14. One learns a language by making mistakes and _them. A. correct B. Correcting C. corrects D. to correct,B,15. Fishing is his favorite hobby, and _. A. hed like to collect coin as well B. he feels like collecting coins, too C. to collect coins is also his hobby D. collecting coins also gives him great pleasure,D,鞏固練習(xí):,16. The secre