1、現(xiàn)在完成時,Speaker :wps powerpoint,現(xiàn)在完成時的構(gòu)成,have (has）+ 過去分詞,不規(guī)則動詞原型-過去式-過去分詞形式：,1） AAA型(三種都一樣) 如：cost cost cost cut cut cut hurt hurt hurt shut shut shut set set set 2）ABB型(過去式與過去分詞相同) 如: bring-brought-brought catch caught caught lead led led,3） ABC型(三種都不一樣) 如：begin-began-begun grow grew grown ring rang

2、 rung break broke broken 4）ABA型(原形與過去分詞相同) 如: come-came-come become became become run ran run,寫出下列動詞的過去分詞形式. wake _ 2. teach _ 3. sell _4. see _ 5. ride _ 6. pay _ 7. choose _ 8. throw _ 9. think _10. eat _ 11. drive _ 12. catch _ 13. bring _ 14. break _ 15. give _16. get _ 17. know _ 18. open _ 19.

3、 write _ 20. forget _,Woken taught Sold seen Ridden paid Chosen thrown Thought eaten Driven caught Brought broken Given gotten Known opened Written forgotten,present(now),future,past,do my homework,現(xiàn)在完成時的主要用法,1.表示過去發(fā)生的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。它強調(diào)的是過去的動作同現(xiàn)在的聯(lián)系.常用的時間狀語有already, yet, ever, never, just, before等.

4、,- Its so dark. -Someone has turned off the light. (有人剛把燈關(guān)了,對現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果是:現(xiàn)在很黑),- Are you free? -I have finished my homework. I am free (我已經(jīng)完成了家庭作業(yè),對現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果是很有空),1. 現(xiàn)在完成時中標志詞的用法區(qū)別,1.Already 肯定句: 句中(助后實前)/句末 “己經(jīng)”,一般疑問句: 句末(表示驚訝的語氣) “難道”,Eg. Ive already had breakfast. (更常見) = Ive had breakfast already.(表示

5、強調(diào)) Have you had breakfast already?,2. yet在現(xiàn)在完成時中的用法,否定句:句末 “還(沒)”,疑問句: 句末 “己經(jīng)”,Eg. I havent had breakfast yet. Have you had breakfast yet?,注: 帶already的肯定句變成否定句或疑問句時,將already要變成yet放在句末.,Eg. I have already done my homework. 否定句: 一般疑問句:,I havent done my homework yet.,Have you done your homework yet?,3

6、. ever在現(xiàn)在完成時中的用法,肯定句/疑問句 : 句中 “曾經(jīng)”,Eg. Ive ever been to Beijing. Have you ever been to Beijing?,4. never在現(xiàn)在完成時中的用法,否定句: 句中 “從來沒有” Eg. Ive never been to Beijing.,注: 帶ever的肯定句變否定句時, 要將ever變成never; 帶ever的一般疑問句作否定回答時可用“No, never.”,5. just在現(xiàn)在完成時中的用法,用于句中, 表示“剛剛” Eg. Ive just had breakfast. What have they

7、 just done？,Eg. He has ever made dumplings. 否定句:,He has never made dumplings.,Have they ever travelled by train? No, never.,6. before在現(xiàn)在完成時中的用法,用于句末, 表示“以前” Eg. Ive seen it before. Has she ridden a bike before ?,2.表示過去已經(jīng)開始, 持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài).有可能繼續(xù)下去常與since + 過去的時間點，for + 一段時間，so far 等時間狀語連用。,現(xiàn)在完成時的主要用法,I

8、have learnt English for more than ten years.我已經(jīng)學了10多年的英語。 (從10年前開始,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在還在學) She has swum since half an hour ago. 我已經(jīng)游泳了半個小時 (半個小時前已經(jīng)開始游泳,到現(xiàn)在還在游),1.for +,Eg. I have been here for 5 weeks. Hes studied English for 3 years.,一段時間,2. since +,(表示過去某一時間的)時間點,詞組,從句(一般過去時),Eg. I have been here since 2000. I

9、have been here since 5 years ago. I have been here since I graduated in 2000.,注1): 對for或since引導的時間狀語提問 必須用how long, 決不能用when.,Eg. I have lived here for 10 years.,How long have you lived here?,She has stood here since 2 hour ago.,How long has she stood here?,注2): 短暫性動詞不能和for或since引導的時間狀語連用, 當然也不能用于ho

10、w long引導的問句中. Eg.(誤)I have left there for 5 years.,(正)I have been away there for 5 years.,have been 與have gone 的用法比較,have been to 意思是“到過，去過”，表示曾經(jīng)到過某處，但現(xiàn)在人不在那兒。 have gone to 意思是“去了”，表示已經(jīng)去了某地，現(xiàn)在人可能在去的途中或已在那兒了。 have been in 意思是“呆在某處一段時間了” Has she ever been to Nanjing？她曾去過南京嗎？ You have never been there,

11、 have you?你以前從未去過那兒,是嗎？ I have been to Guiling ,I went there last year.我去過桂林,我去年去的. She has gone to Nanjing. 她已經(jīng)去南京了,四)It is +一段時間+since+句子(一般過去時) =一段時間+has passed+since + 句子(一般過去時),Eg. It is five years since I joined the army. =Five years has passed since I joined the army.,與一般過去時的用法比較,一.現(xiàn)在完成時和一般過去

12、時都是說過去的事情，但現(xiàn)在完成時注意的不是事情本身，而是強調(diào)事情與現(xiàn)在保持的某種密切聯(lián)系（如現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果，影響,一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在等）;而一般過去時，則只講述發(fā)生在過去的動作和事情與現(xiàn)在沒有關(guān)系。,eg：He has bought an English-Chinese dictionary. 他已經(jīng)買了一本英漢字典。 He bought an English-Chinese dictionary. 他曾買過一本英漢字典。, 第一句用現(xiàn)在完成時時態(tài)，想表達意為：“He bought an English-Chinese dictionary. And he still has it” “過去他買了一本

13、英漢字典，現(xiàn)在他還有這本字典” 。,第二句用過去時只敘述過去他買過一本英漢字典這一事實，至于現(xiàn)在他是否有這本字典并未強調(diào)說明。,二當有一個表示過去某一特定時間的狀語時，不用現(xiàn)在完成時，而用一般過去時:,eg: I saw the film on television yesterday .,但since(自以來)+某一過去時間或敘述過去事情的從句總是與現(xiàn)在完成時連用。,eg： They have known each other since 1950 .,Since he was a child ,he has lived in England.,三常與一般過去時連用的典型的表示過去時間的狀語

14、:,yesterday(昨天), the day before yesterday(前天), just now(剛才)， 時間+ ago, last +時間 等;,eg: The plane took off ten minutes ago.,We finished our task last week .,非延續(xù)性動詞和延續(xù)性動詞非延續(xù)性動詞在時間上沒有延續(xù)性，常見的有come, go, arrive, leave, begin, start, buy, join, die, buy, find, stop, become, open, borrow, lend, appear, close

15、, fall, finish, sell, lose, kill等，這些動詞不能和表示一段時間的時間狀語連用。 但是，非延續(xù)性動詞的否定形式可以表示狀態(tài)的延續(xù)，可與for/since等時間狀語連用。,有些同學錯誤地認為這類非延續(xù)性動詞不能用于完成時態(tài)中。其實，錯誤的本質(zhì)在于非延續(xù)性動詞與時間段的錯誤搭配，與現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)無關(guān)。,延續(xù)性語境中的非延續(xù)性動詞的使用 在具體的語言環(huán)境中，往往會出現(xiàn)非延續(xù)性動詞與時間段相連用的情況。由于受漢語影響，往往錯誤地直譯為：He has fallen asleep for an hour. 他睡了一小時了。（）His father has died for th

16、ree years. 他父親去世三年了。（）當出現(xiàn)這種情況時，我們往往采取以下解決方法：,（1）將非延續(xù)性動詞轉(zhuǎn)化為相應(yīng)的狀態(tài)動詞。所謂狀態(tài)動詞就是指這一動作發(fā)生后接下來所呈現(xiàn)的狀態(tài)。 如：He has been asleep for an hour. （fall asleep,“入睡”為短暫動作，但be asleep“睡著”則為狀態(tài)動詞，可延續(xù)。） His father has been dead for three years.（die為短暫動詞，“死”后的狀態(tài)可用“be dead”這種系表結(jié)構(gòu)來描述，可延續(xù)。）,常見的這種動詞的轉(zhuǎn)化有以下幾類： go therebe there, com

17、e backbe back, borrowkeep, buy/catchhave, arrivebe in, beginbe on, openbe open, closebe closed, diebe dead, leavebe away from, get upbe up, fall asleepbe asleep, becomebe, joinbe in/a member of, receivehave, catch/get a coldhave a cold, get marriedbe married，come be in，finish be over， leave be away,

18、巧解現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)題,技巧1:尋找現(xiàn)在完成時中的“段時間”。 (1) 現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去已經(jīng)開始并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài),多和表示一段時間的狀語連用:for+一段時間;since+點時間(since作連詞后接從句時,該從句要用一般過去時) 。 (2) 現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)也用在含有during / in/ over the last years或in recent years等的句子中。,1. The Oriental Pearl TV Tower _ tens of thousands of visitors since 1995. attracted B. attracts C. has attra

19、cted D. will attract 2. How long _ you _ here? For about two years so far. have, studied B. did, live C. do, stay D. were, swimming 3. How is your father? I _him for a long time. He is fine, but busy. A.dont see B. hadnt seen C. didnt see D. havent seen 4. Meimei has received several letters from he

20、r hometown since she _ to the city. A. cameB. comes C. has comeD. will come,技巧2:尋找現(xiàn)在完成時的副詞標志或句型。 (1) 在做時態(tài)題時,注意觀察句中是否有常用于現(xiàn)在完成時的副詞:yet, already, never, lately, recently, ever, just, before, (ever) since等。 (2) 句型:It has been + 段時間+since + 過去時.,1.What are you going to do this weekend? I _ yet. havent de

21、cided B. wont decide C. have decided D. didnt decide 2. My mother _ the windows already, so the room looks much brighter. has cleaned B. had cleaned C. is cleaning D. will clean 3. It _ ten years since we last _ in Beijing. was, met B. has been, met C. was, meet D. is, meet 4. How long has the weath

22、er been like this? _. Until last night B. Ever since last night C. Two days ago D. Two days later,技巧3:把握have been to與have gone to的區(qū)別。 have been to 曾經(jīng)去過某處(現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在那個地方,強調(diào)以前的經(jīng)歷) have gone to去了某處(強調(diào)主語已經(jīng)離開說話者所在的地方,現(xiàn)在還沒有回來),1. Is that Jack speaking? Sorry, he isnt in right now. He _ the cinema with his aunt. has been to B. has gone to C. have been to D. have gone to 2. Hello, may I speak to your father, please? Sorry, my father _ to Shanghai. He went ther