1、現(xiàn) 在 完 成 時(shí) 態(tài),The Present Perfect Tense,study English,How long have you been studying English?,I have studied English for five years.,(2008-now),When did you start studying English?,In 2008.,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) Present perfect tense,構(gòu)成:,助動詞have/has + 過去分詞,1.肯定句 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的肯定句式是“have（has）過去分詞”。 注意：該句式中的have或has是助動詞，has用于

2、第三人稱單數(shù)，其它人稱一律用have。,e.g. He has eaten supper.,They have eaten supper.,2.疑問句 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的一般疑問句式是把助動詞have或has提到主語之前。 (回答用“Yes，-have/has“No，-havent/hasnt” ） 3.否定句： 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的否定句式是“havent/hasnt過去分詞”。,eg. Has he eaten supper?,Yes, he has./No, he hasnt.,eg. He hasnt eaten supper.,They havent eaten supper.,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)的分類

3、,用法一、 1.表過去發(fā)生的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果, （強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果現(xiàn)在還存在） 例如 I have just cleaned my clothes. 我剛洗過衣服。 （“洗衣服”是發(fā)生在過去的動作，對現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果是“衣服干凈了”） I have just had my breakfast. (對現(xiàn)在的影響：不餓) -Has he had his breakfast? -Yes, he has. -When did he have his breakfast? -He had breakfast at 6:00.,1. My father bought many books for me

4、 yesterday . Now , I have a lot to read because _ 2. I saw this film last week. Now, I know this film because I_. 3. I did my homework yesterday. Now, I can give it to the teacher because I_,my father has bought many books for me.,have seen it before,have done it.,通常與表示包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的時(shí)間副詞 just (謂語動詞之前) （剛剛）

5、, already（已經(jīng)(肯定句) ）, before, yet（一般疑問(句末） ：已經(jīng)；否定句：還） never, ever (疑問句) twice recently(近來）so far, by now等狀語連用 1 Tom has already finished his homework. Tom hasnt finished his homework yet. 2 I have just had my lunch. She hasnt seen you before. 3 Have you ever eaten fish? I have never eaten fish I have

6、 never heard of that before. Have you ever ridden a horse? She has already finished the work. Have you milked the cow yet? Yes, I have done that already. Ive just finished my homework. He has not come yet.,Exercises,1. I _(have) lunch already. 2. the train_ (arrive) yet? 3.Tom _ never_ (be ) to Chin

7、a. 4. The twin _just _(see) my father. 5. The twins _(see) my father just now. 6._ you ever _(ride) a horse? Never.,have had,Has arrived,has,been,has,seen,saw,have ridden,7._ you _(clean) the room? Yes, we_(do) that already. When _ you _(do) it? We _(do) it an hour ago. 8._ he _(see) this film yet?

8、No. When _ he _(see) it? He _ it tomorrow. 9. How many times _you_(come) here? Once.,Have,cleaned,have done,did,do,did,Has,seen,will,see,will see,have,come,1 你已經(jīng)問過這個(gè)問題兩邊了，別再煩我了。 2我能借你的字典用一下嗎？對不起，已經(jīng)借給Tom了。 3 你以前見過她嗎？不，從來沒有過。 4 你曾經(jīng)去過北京嗎？是的我去過那兒三次。 5 你已經(jīng)看完那本小說了嗎？是的，我已經(jīng)把它還給圖書館了。,用法二：,表示過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀

9、態(tài)，也可以表示一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并可能還將持續(xù)下去。 A 動詞使用延續(xù)性動詞。 B 和表時(shí)間段的時(shí)間狀語連用。 常與for或since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間連用so far, up to/till now, in the last/past+一段時(shí)間，all ones life, by now, these days, these days、for two years、since 1984、since he came here I havent seen her these days. She has learnt English for 3 years/since 3 years ago. They hav

10、e lived here since 1990. What has happened to the USA in the last 350 years?,注意： (1)since一段時(shí)間agofor時(shí)間段; since two weeks ago=for two weeks; I have kept the library book for a week.= I have kept the library book since a week ago. (2)since + 時(shí)間點(diǎn)for時(shí)間段 since 2000=for years (3) since+從句(常用一般過去時(shí)) The Gree

11、ns have lived in Beijing since they moved to Beijing from Paris (4)It is /has been +一段時(shí)間 + since 從句. 自從某事發(fā)生已有一段時(shí)間了. It is /has been two years since my brother joined the army.,一、用for和since填空。,_three hours _three oclock _two days _yesterday afternoon _I came here _last Sunday,_a week _a long time _19

12、97 _two weeks _three years ago _ last month,for,since,for,since,since,since,for,for,since,for,since,since,用for和since填空,They have been learning Chinese _ they came to China. 2. I havent seen her _ a long time. 3. He has been living here _ 2001. 4. She has been doing her homework _ two hours. 5. Its 5

13、 years _ we left school. 6. How long has Mary been a teacher? _ two years ago.,Have a try,since,for,since,for,since,Since,三、非延續(xù)性動詞與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 短暫性動詞在肯定句、疑問句中不能與時(shí)間段連用，這些動詞是：become, begin, buy, borrow, arrive, come, die, fall, finish, get to know, go, join, leave, marry等。為了表述這種意思，我們常用相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動詞have，keep等來代替非延

14、續(xù)性動詞。 他入黨五年了。He joined the Party five years ago . He has been in the Party for five years. He has been a Party member for five years. it is five years since he joined the Party 電影開始五分鐘了。 The film began five minutes ago. The film has been on for five minutes. It is five minutes since the film began,常

15、見瞬間動詞和延續(xù)性動詞的轉(zhuǎn)變,第一類：動詞 be + adj. die finish open / close fall ill /asleep marry sb/get married to 第二類：動詞 be + adv. start / begin leave join,be dead,be away from,be in / be a member of,be open / closed,be on,be over,be ill / asleep,be married to,第三類：動詞 另一個(gè)動詞 buy borrow get/begin to延續(xù)性v. become put on

16、eg.,keep,have,be,延續(xù)性v.,wear,His father died 2 years ago. The football match began at 9:00a.m. The twins joined the army when they were 18 years old. My teacher left Nanjing 3 days ago.,His father has been dead for 2 years/since two years.,The football match has been on since 9:00 a.m.,The twins have

17、 been soldiers/ in the army、members of the army since they were 18years old.,My teacher has been away from Nanjing for 3 days/since 3 days ago.,巧記瞬間性動詞的轉(zhuǎn)換 “開始離去借來還， 出生入死買到家， 穿衣入睡要感冒， 開開關(guān)關(guān)變結(jié)束?！?結(jié)束性動詞轉(zhuǎn)換為以下延續(xù)性動詞或者表示可以延續(xù)的狀態(tài)的短語 arrive at / in sp / get to / reach sp / come / go / move to sp be in sp / at

18、school / at home / on the farm / be here / be there He got to Beijing five minutes ago.He Beijing for . 2) I moved to the USA in 2008. I the USA since . 3) I went home yesterday. I home for . 4)They came here last week. They _ here since _. come to / go back to / return to be back to go out be out H

19、e came out two years ago.He _ for _. 2) We return to Beijing yesterday.We _ _ to Beijing since _. become be I became a teacher in 2000. I _ a teacher for_. 2) The river became dirty last year. The river _ _ dirty for _ _. close be closed open be open The shop closed two hours ago. The shop _ _ for _

20、. 2) The door opened at six in the morning. The door _ _ _ for six hours., get up be up; die be dead; leave sp. be away from sp.fall asleep / get tot sleep be asleep; finish / end be over;marry be married;1) I got up two hours ago.I _ _ _since _.2) He left Shanghai just now.He _ _ _ Shanghai for fiv

21、e minutes.3) My grandpa died in 2002.My grandpa _ _ _for _ _.4) The meeting finished at six.The meeting _ _ _ for six hours.5) I got to sleep two hours ago .I _ _ _ since _ _.6) They married in 1990. They _ _ _since _. start / begin to do sth. do sth. ;begin be on1) I began to teach at this school i

22、n 1995. I _ _ at this school since _.2) The film began two minutes ago. The film _ _ _ for _ _., borrow keep; lose not have ;buy have ;put on wearcatch / get a cold have a cold; get to know know1) They borrowed it last week. They _it since _.2) I bought a pen two hours ago. I _a pen for _.3) I got t

23、o know him last year. I _ him since _.4) I put on my glasses three years ago. I _ my glasses for _.have / has gone to have been inHe has gone to Beijing.He _ Beijing for two days. join the league / the Party / the army be a league member /a Party member / a soldier be a member of the league / the Pa

24、rty be in the league / the Party / the army1) He joined the league in 2002.He _ a _ for two years.He _ a _ the _ for two years.He _ the league for two years.2) My brother joined the army two years ago.My brother _a _ for _ _.My brother _ in _ for two years.,注意點(diǎn)四：have been in, have been to 與have gone

25、 to 的用法 1、have (has) been in 表示“在某地（多長時(shí)間）”，現(xiàn)在仍在那里。常與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用。例如： Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for three days. 布朗來上海已經(jīng)有三天了。 They have been in Canada for five years. 他們到加拿大有五年了。 2、have( has)been to表示“曾經(jīng)去過某地”，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在那里了?？膳cjust, ever, never等連用，例如： I have just been to the post office. 我剛才去郵局了。 Mary h

26、as never been to the Great Wall. 瑪麗從未去過長城。 Have you ever been to Hangzhou before? 你以前曾經(jīng)去過杭州嗎？ Have (has) been to 后面可接次數(shù)，表示去過某地幾次。例如： They have been to that village several times. 他們?nèi)ミ^那個(gè)村莊好幾次了。 3、have (has) gone to 意為“到某地去了”，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中。總之，說話時(shí)該人不在現(xiàn)場，例如： -Where is Tom? -He has gone to the bookshop

27、. 他到書店去了。 Jack Johnson has gone to London. 杰克.約翰遜到倫敦去了。,have /has been to和have / has gone to 的用法區(qū)別,1 “ Have /has been to+地名 ”表示曾經(jīng)去過某地，說話時(shí)已經(jīng)回到說話地點(diǎn)， 常與once 、twice、ever、never 等時(shí)間連用。 2 “have / has gone to +地名 ”表示去某地了，現(xiàn)在沒有回答，人不在說話地點(diǎn)。 巧記： been to ，gone to 意不同，兩者用法要記清； have been to + 地名，曾經(jīng)到過某地行； have gone

28、to + 地點(diǎn)，到某地去了一走遠(yuǎn)。,用have /has been to和have / has gone to填空 Hi，Lucy， you ever Beijing？ No，I . What about your sister，Lily？ Oh，she Chengdu， she will come back next week. Ok，thanks. Youre welcome.,have been to,havent,has gone to,用法四,用have / has been to / in, have gone to及go的各種形式填空.1) Where is Jack He _

29、his country.2) David _ the park just now.3) John _ England since he came back.4) How long _ they _ this village 5) The Smiths _ Beijing for years.6) _ ying for years.6) _ you ever _ America - Yes, I _ there many times.7) I _ this school since three years ago.8) Where is Jim He _ the farm.9) When_ he

30、 _ He _ an hour ago.10) Would you like to _ to the zoo with me -Yes, but I _ there before.11) Where _ you _ now - I _ to the zoo.12) He often _ swimming.13) _ you _ there last year 14) _ they often _ skating in winter,試一試，用所給詞的正確形式填空 1 I （live）here since I was ten years old. 2 I （live）here in 1998.

31、- you your breakfast？-Yes，I have. -When you it？- 30 minutes ago.,注意現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的幾個(gè)特殊方面： （一）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的區(qū)別,have lived,lived,Have,had,did,have,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動作對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響或結(jié)果，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是現(xiàn)在的情況。所以它不能和表示過去時(shí)間狀語連用；而一般過去時(shí)只單純表示過去的動作或狀態(tài)，和現(xiàn)在不發(fā)生關(guān)系，可以和表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用。 一）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的句型轉(zhuǎn)換 eg：I have studied English for three years

32、-I studied English three years ago -It is three years since I studied English,注意點(diǎn)一： 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的用法比較 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過去的動作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在甚至?xí)^續(xù)下去或表示過去的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響；一般過去時(shí)表示動作發(fā)生的時(shí)間在過去?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)屬于現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)范圍，因此，不能和表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用。 如：yesterday, last night, two weeks ago等 試比較： The plane has arrived . 飛機(jī)已經(jīng)來了。（說明現(xiàn)在的情況：飛機(jī)在這兒） The plane arr

33、ived a quarter ago. 飛機(jī)是一刻中以前來的。（強(qiáng)調(diào)動作發(fā)生的時(shí)間在過去） I have taught here for fifteen years. 我在這兒已經(jīng)教了十五年。（表示十五年前的動作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，還可能會繼續(xù)。） I taught here for a year. 我過去在這兒教過一年。（表示“我“現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在這兒任教了）,1.A：你收集貝殼有多長時(shí)間了？ B:自從我上中學(xué)以來。 A：How long _ you _ _ shells? B：_ I _ to middle school. 2.我滑冰已有五個(gè)小時(shí)了。 I _ _ _ _ 5 hours. 3.A:

34、這是你首次參加滑冰馬拉松嗎?B:不,去年我參加過。 A: Was this your _ _ _? B: No，I _ in a _ last year. 4.A:你什么時(shí)候得到第一雙溜冰鞋？ B: 3年前。 A: When did you _ your first _ _ _? B: Three years ago. 5. A:他游泳有多長時(shí)間了？ B: 他已游了半小時(shí)了。 A: How long _ he _ _ ? B: He _ _ _ _ half an hour.,have been collecting,Since went,have been skating for,first

35、 skating marathon,skated marathon,get pair of skates,has been swimming,has been swimming for,6. 你上網(wǎng)多久了? 7. 我上網(wǎng)三小時(shí)了。 8. 你什么時(shí)候開始集郵的？ 9. 我五年前開始集郵的。 10. 他收集貝殼十年了。,How long have you been surfing the Internet?,Ive been surfing the Internet for three hours.,When did you start collecting stamps?,I started c

36、ollecting stamps five years ago.,He has been collecting shells for ten years.,11、他一直在這條街住了近20年了。 12、我打掃房間已經(jīng)掃了3個(gè)小時(shí)了。 13、自從4歲起我就一直學(xué)英語。 14、你六點(diǎn)起就一直在給他講電話？ 15、雨下多久了？,I have been cleaning the room for three hours.,He has been living in the street for about 20 years.,Ive been studying English since I was 4

37、 years old.,Have you been talking with him on the phone since 6:00 p.m.?,How long has it been raining?,1.Shes _ (live) here ever since she was ten.2.Both of them _ (be) in Hongkong for ten days.3.Both of them _ (come) to Hongkong ten days ago.4. Half an hour _ (pass) since the train _ (leave).5. Mar

38、y_(lose) her pen. _ you _(see) it here and there 6. _ you _ (find) your watch yet 7. -Are you thirsty -No I _just _ (have) some orange.8. We - already _ (return) the book.9. _ they _ (build) a new school in the village 10. I _(not finish) my homework . Can you help me 11. My father _ (read) the nove

39、l twice.12. I _ (buy) a book just now.13. I _ (lost ) my watch yesterday.14. My father _ (read) this book since yesterday,句型轉(zhuǎn)換。 1、He has never surfed, ?（改成反意疑問句） 2、They have been here since 2000. (對劃線部分提問) -have they been here? 3、The old man _ last year. He for a year. (die) 4、This factory opened tw

40、enty years ago.(同義句轉(zhuǎn)換) This factory _ _ for twenty years. 5、Miss Gao left an hour ago. (同義句轉(zhuǎn)換) Miss Gao _ _ _ _ an hour ago. 6、Her mother has been a Party member for three years .（同義句） Her mother _ the Party three years _ . 7、The Green Family moved to France two years ago. (同義句轉(zhuǎn)換) _ two years _ the

41、Green family moved to France. 8、The bus has arrived here. It arrived ten minutes ago. (把兩個(gè)句子合并成一個(gè)句子) _,1 His father died two years ago. His father _ _ _ for two years. 2. He has been in the army for three years. _ _ three years since he _ the army. 3. I began to study at this school five years ago.

42、I _ _ at this school _ five years. 4. Have you ever visited Beijing? Have you ever _ _ _ ? 5. I am a teacher. I became a teacher five years ago. I _ _ _ _ for five years. I _ _ _ _ _ five years ago. 6. I bought the car five years ago. I _ _ the car for five years. 7. I have borrowed a new book from the school library. I _ _ a new book from the school library for two days. 8. The boy has come back. The boy _ _ _ for an hour. 9. The film has begun. The film _ _ _ _ five minutes. 10. The man in a hat has left. The man in a hat _ _ _ _ half an