1、Direct speech,直接引語和間接引語, 二. 用自己的話加以轉(zhuǎn)述, 這叫間接引語 (Indirect speech).,that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句 Jane said that she was very fond of traveling.,whether/if 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句 John asked Mary if that was her umbrella.,wh-詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句 John asked Mary when she would return him the book.,一、如何變?nèi)朔Q： 口訣：一隨主。二隨賓，第三不變。,“一隨主”是指在直接引語變間接引語時(shí)，如果從句中的

2、主語是第一人稱或被第一人稱所修飾。從句中的人稱要按照主句中主語的人稱變化如： Shesaid.Mybrotherwantstogo shoppingwithme.” Shesaidherbrother wantedtogo shoppingwithher.,“二隨賓”是指直接引語變間接引語時(shí)，若從句中的主語及賓語是第二人稱或被第二人你所修飾。從句中的人稱要跟引號(hào)外的主句的賓語一致。如果引號(hào)外的主句沒有賓語。也可以用第一人稱，如：,HesaidtoKate.Howisyoursisternow?” HeaskedKatehowhersisterwasthen。,“第三人稱不更新”是指直接引語變間

3、接引語時(shí)。如果從句中的主語及賓語是第三人稱或被第三人稱所修飾從句中的人稱一般不需要變化如：,Mr.Smithsaid, “Jackisagoodboy.” MrSmithsaidthat Jackwasagoodboy.,由直接引語轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)殚g接引語,下列代詞、形容詞、副詞、動(dòng)詞等可能要變化,that those then Before/earlier that day the next/following day,in two days time the day before the night before two days before/earlier go there,直接引語變間接引語時(shí)

4、, 時(shí)態(tài)要發(fā)生變化:,一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) 一般將來時(shí) 一般過去時(shí),一般過去時(shí) 過去完成時(shí) 過去進(jìn)行時(shí) 過去將來時(shí) 過去完成時(shí),二、如何變時(shí)態(tài)： 直接引語在改為間接引語時(shí)、時(shí)態(tài)需要做相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。1) 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般過去時(shí)態(tài)； She said: “ I am a student. ” She said (that) she was a student. 2)一般將來時(shí)過去將來時(shí) Shesaid, Hewillgotoseehisfriend.” Shesaidhewouldgotoseehisfriend。 Tom said, “ I am going to play baske

5、tball tomorrow.” Tom said he was going to play basketball tomorrow. 3) 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)； She said ,“I am reading a book.” She said she was reading a book.,由直接引語轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)殚g接引語,下列情況時(shí)態(tài)不變:,1. 不變的真理 The teacher said to the students, “Water freezes when the temperature falls below 0.” The teacher told the students tha

6、t water freezes when the temperature falls below 0.,2. 經(jīng)常的習(xí)慣： He said to the doctor, “I smoke two packs every day.” He told the doctor that he smokes two packs every day.,3. 歷史事件： The teacher said, “World War ended in 1945.” The teacher said that World War ended in 1945.,4. 部分情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,如must, ought to, u

7、sed to, had better等： She said to me: “You must hurry up.” She told me that I must hurry up.,Exercise,1. “I never eat meat.” he said. He said that _ never _ meat. 2. “Ive found my wallet.” he said to me. He _ me that he _ _ _ wallet. 3. “I took it home with me.” she said. She said that _ _ _ it home

8、with her. 4. The teacher said, “The sun rises in the east and goes down in the west.” The teacher said that the sun _ in the east and _ down in the west. 5. “I met her yesterday.” he said to me. He _ me that he _ met the day _. 6. “You must come here before five.” he said. He said that I _ to go _ b

9、efore five. 7. “I bought the house 10 years ago.” he said. He said that he _ bought the house 10 years _.,he,ate,told,had,Found,his,she,had,taken,rise,goes,told,had,before,had,before,had,there,8. “Did you see her last week?” he said. He _ _ I had seen her the week _. 9. He said, “You can sit here, J

10、im.” He _ Jim that he _ sit there 10. He asked, “How did you find it, mother?” He asked her mother _ _ _ found it. 11. “Where have you been these days?” he asked. He asked me _ _ _been _ days. 12. “Do you know where she lives?” he asked. He asked _ _ knew where she _. 13. “Stop making so much noise,

11、 children.” he said. He _ the children _ _ making so much noise. 14. “Dont tell him the news.” she said. She told me _ _ him the news. 15. “Are you interested in this?” he said. He _ _ I was interested in _.,if,asked,told,before,she,could,where,how,had,I,had,those,lived,I,if,stop,to,told,to,not,aske

12、d,tell,if,that,1. “I like reading adventure stories,” said John. John said that he liked reading adventure stories. 2. “I dont like computers,” Sarah said to her friend. Sarah told her friend that she didnt like computers.,Exercise I,3. “Ann, have you seen my blue notebook?” Peter asked. Peter asked

13、 Ann if she had seen his blue notebook. 4. “How can you do that?” Mary said to Ann. Mary asked Ann how she could do that. 5. “What difference does it make?” Peter asked Jim. Peter asked Jim what difference it made.,1. Jack said to me, “You look worried today.” Jack told me that _ worried _. A. he lo

14、okstoday B. you looktoday C. we lookedthat day D. I lookedthat day,Exercise II,2. We said to her, “Theyre walking through the street now.” We told her that _ through the street _. A. we were walkingthen B. you are walkingnow C .they were walkingthen D. they walkingnow,3. Mr Black said, “I have walke

15、d a long way this week.” Mr Black said that _ a long way _. A. I had walkedlast week B. he had walkedthat week C. I walkedlast week D. he has walkedthis week,4. The man thought, “I shall take it back tomorrow.” The man thought that _ take it back _. A. I shalltomorrow B. I shallthe next day C. he sh

16、ouldtomorrow D. he would the next day,5. They said to us, “Are you afraid to leave this house ?” They asked us _ afraid to leave _ house. A. that were wethis B. that we werethat C. if were we this D. if we werethat,6. Jane said, “What did he hear about a week ago?” Jane asked _ about _. A. that he h

17、earda week ago B. what he had heardthe week before C. what he had herd a week ago D. if he heardthe week ago,7. She asked, “Whose house will he break into next time ?” She asked whose house _ break into _. A. will henext time B. would hethe next time C. he wouldthe next time D. he willnext time,8. Jack said to her, “Where do you spend your holidays?” Jack asked her where _ holidays. A. she spent her B. you spend your C. she spend her D. you spent your,9. Black asked me, “ Why havent you left here yet?”