1、閱讀理解之詞義猜測(cè)題,以例說(shuō)法,專(zhuān)題講座,命題分析,閱讀理解之詞義猜測(cè)題,技法指導(dǎo),閱讀中有生詞是難免的，而利用文章所提供的語(yǔ)境去推測(cè)生詞的意義是閱讀的必備技能之一。詞義猜測(cè)題是高考必考的題型，一般占閱讀理解總題量的10%左右。所猜詞匯可以是生詞，也可以是熟詞新義，還可以是人稱(chēng)代詞的指代內(nèi)容。,常見(jiàn)的命題方式： The phrase “.” could be replaced by _. The word “.” in the paragraph refers to _. What is the meaning of the underlined word in the paragraph？/

2、What does the underlined word mean? Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the phrase “.”？ Which of the following words can take the place of the word “.”？,詞義猜測(cè)題主要考查考生根據(jù)上下文推測(cè)詞義和語(yǔ)義的能力，突出考查對(duì)語(yǔ)境的分析和把握能力。常見(jiàn)的猜詞法有： (1)利用上下文語(yǔ)境。猜測(cè)任何詞義都離不開(kāi)上下文，所 以要借助上下文對(duì)需要猜測(cè)的詞或短語(yǔ)進(jìn)行合乎邏輯 的推測(cè)。 (2)利用定義或解釋性的線(xiàn)索。閱讀文章中的有些

3、生詞往 往在其后會(huì)有對(duì)該詞進(jìn)行解釋說(shuō)明的短語(yǔ)或句子，利 用它們猜詞義較容易。,(3)利用文章的邏輯關(guān)系答題。如并列、對(duì)比、因果、轉(zhuǎn) 折關(guān)系等。這些邏輯關(guān)系往往通過(guò)一些相應(yīng)的詞或短 語(yǔ)表達(dá)出來(lái)，如but, or, however, so, because等。 (4)利用構(gòu)詞法知識(shí)答題。熟記一些前綴、后綴所表達(dá)的 意思，不僅可以擴(kuò)大詞匯量，而且?guī)椭覀儾聹y(cè)詞義。,(2011浙江高考，A篇)One evening in February 2007, a student named Paula Ceely brought her car to a stop on a remote road in Wa

4、les. She got out to open a metal gate that blocked her path. Thats when she heard the whistle sounded by the driver of a train. Her Renault Clio was parked across a railway line. Seconds later, she watched the train drag her car almost a kilometre down the railway tracks.,Ceelys made the news becaus

5、e she blamed it on her GPS device (導(dǎo)航儀). She had never driven the route before. It was dark and raining heavily. Ceely was relying on her GPS, but it made no mention of the crossing. “I put my complete trust in the device and it led me right into the path of a speeding train，” she told the BBC.,near

6、 miss,Who is to blame here? Rick Stevenson, who tells Ceelys story in his book When Machines Fail Us, points the finger at the limitations of technology. We put our faith in digital devices, he says, but our digital helpers are too often not up to the job. They are filled with small problems. And it

7、s not just GPS devices: Stevenson takes us on a tour of digital disasters involving everything from mobile phones to wireless keyboards.,The problem with his argument in the book is that its not clear why he only focuses on digital technology, while there may be a number of other possible causes. A

8、mapmaker might have left the crossing off a paper map. Maybe we should blame Ceely for not paying attention. Perhaps the railway authorities are at fault for poor signalling system. Or maybe someone has studied the relative dangers and worked out that there really is something specific wrong with th

9、e GPS equipment. But Stevenson doesnt say.,Its a problem that runs through the book. In a section on cars, Stevenson gives an account of the advanced techniques that criminals use to defeat computerbased locking systems for cars. He offers two independent sets of figures on car theft; both show a sm

10、all rise in some parts of the country. He says that once again not all new locks have proved reliable. Perhaps, but maybe its also due to the shortage of policemen on the streets. Or changing social circumstances. Or some combination of these factors.,The game between humans and their smart devices

11、is amusing and complex. It is shaped by economics and psychology and the cultures we live in. Somewhere in the mix of those forces there may be a way for a wiser use of technology. If there is such a way, it should involve more than just an awareness of the shortcomings of our machines. After all, w

12、e have lived with them for thousands of years. They have probably been fooling us for just as long.,語(yǔ)篇解讀：隨著時(shí)代的發(fā)展，科技越來(lái)越先進(jìn)，人類(lèi)也越來(lái)越依賴(lài)科技，但有時(shí)候科技也會(huì)給人們帶來(lái)麻煩，文章中作者將會(huì)告訴我們什么呢？讓我們?nèi)チ私庖幌掳桑?41What did Paula Ceely think was the cause of her accident？ () AShe was not familiar with the road. BIt was dark and raining h

13、eavily then. CThe railway workers failed to give the signal. DHer GPS device didnt tell her about the crossing.,提示：推理判斷題。利用要訣3跳讀查找法與要訣5中的排除法相結(jié)合。,解析：從文章第二段she blamed it on her GPS device; Ceely was relying on her GPS, but it made no mention of the crossing. “I . train，” she told the BBC.可以看出，Ceely怪罪的

14、是這個(gè)導(dǎo)航儀沒(méi)有給她提示出這個(gè)鐵路道口的存在。,答案： D,42The phrase “near miss” (Paragraph 2) can best be replaced by _. Aclose hitBheavy loss Cnarrow escape Dbig mistake,提示：詞義猜測(cè)題。利用要訣8中的上下文暗示法。,解析：由上下文暗示可知，near miss是對(duì)第一段撞車(chē)事故的概括，相當(dāng)于narrow escape，表示“幸免于難”的意思。,答案： C,43Which of the following would Rick Stevenson most probably

15、agree with？ () AModern technology is what we cant live without. BDigital technology often falls short of our expectation. CDigital devices are more reliable than they used to be. DGPS error is not the only cause for Ceelys accident.,提示：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。利用要訣5正選法與排除法。,解析：從文章第三段可以看出，Rick Stevenson表明“技術(shù)是有局限性的”，數(shù)字技

16、術(shù)不一定能滿(mǎn)足人們的所有愿望。,答案：B,44In the writers opinion, Stevensons argument is_. Aonesided Breasonable Cpuzzling Dwellbased,提示：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。利用要訣7情感詞匯推斷法。,答案：A,解析：從第四段“The problem with his argument in the book is that its not clear why he only focuses on digital technology, while there may be a number of other possi

17、ble causes.”可以看出，作者指出Rick Stevenson的觀點(diǎn)是片面的。,45What is the real concern of the writer of this article？ () AThe major causes of traffic accidents and car thefts. BThe relationship between humans and technology. CThe shortcomings of digital devices we use. DThe human unawareness of technical problems.,提示：主旨大意題。利用要訣6演繹推理法和歸納推理法。,解析