1、Word formation,bus-driver = bus + driver downtown = down + town newspaper = news + paper cowboy = cow + boy,Observation 1,Can you find something in common? Can you find out more similar examples?,Conclusion,Word-formation (1) Some English words are made by joining two words together, sometimes with

2、a hyphen “-” or two. This is called Compounding(合成).,hard-working peace-loving state-owned well-known sightseeing bloodthirsty bank account brain drain,I need some water. Please water the flowers,2. The classroom is very clean. Please clean the classroom.,3. Give me a hand ,will you? Please hand in

3、your paper after class.,Observation 2,the part of Speech,Word-formation (2) Some English words are made by changing the Part of Speech of a word you know. This is called Conversion (轉(zhuǎn)化) .,Conclusion 2,常見的轉(zhuǎn)化形式兩種： 動(dòng)詞 - 名詞 名詞 - 動(dòng)詞,動(dòng)詞-名詞 stop vt. 停止 - n.車站 love vt. 愛 - n. 愛 watch vt. 觀看 - n. 手表 record v

4、t. 錄音 - n. 紀(jì)錄 comb vt. 梳理(頭發(fā)) - n. 梳子 abuse vt. 辱罵 - n. 辱罵,名詞 - 動(dòng)詞 hand n. 手-vt. 上交 seat n. 座位-vt. 坐 nurse n. 護(hù)士-vt. 護(hù)理 oil n. 油 -vt. 上油 time n. 時(shí)間-vt. 定時(shí),測(cè)時(shí) shoulder n. 肩膀-vt. 肩負(fù),mine n. 礦山-vt. 開礦 barbecue n. 燒烤-vt. 在烤架上烤 ship n. 船 - vt. 用船裝運(yùn) finance n. 金融- vt. 為提供資金 stain n. 污點(diǎn),污跡 - vt. 玷污，污染 draf

5、t n. 草稿 - vt. 起草 head n. 頭 - v. 前進(jìn) transport n. 運(yùn)輸 - vt. 運(yùn)輸,weak,weakness,strong,strength,beautiful,beauty,digestive,digestion,balanced,balance,amazing,amazement,Observation 3,Conclusion,Word-formation (3) Some English words are made by changing the form of a word you know adding some letters to the

6、 beginning or the end of a word. This is called Derivation (派生) .,派生 : 是通過在詞根上加前綴或者后綴構(gòu)成一個(gè)新詞。,happy - unhappy develop - development,前綴一般只引起意思上的變化而不造成詞類的變化，只有少數(shù)能引起詞類的變化。,mis- 錯(cuò)誤的 + understand v. 理解 - misunderstand v. 誤解,en + large adj. 大的 - enlarge v. 擴(kuò)大,后綴一般只引起詞性上的變化而不造成意思的變化。,care v. 照料 - careful ad

7、j. 細(xì)心的 work v. 工作 - worker n. 工人,1)表示否定的前綴： un -unfair, unhappy non -nonsmoker (常用在n. adj. adv. 前) in -inactive, inhuman, indirect (常用在adj.前) dis - disagree, disappear im - impolite, impossible (用在b,p,m 開頭的詞前) il-illegal ir-irreal, irregular,常 見 的 前 綴,2).表示錯(cuò)誤或失當(dāng)?shù)那熬Y: mis misjudge, mislead(誤導(dǎo)) 3).表示向背

8、的前綴: pro-(親，支持) pro-Chinese pro-American anti-（阻止，抗） antiwar, anti-Japanese war,(4).表示程度、大小的前綴 super- superstar, supermarket, superman, superpower over- overcook, overeat, overuse mini- minibus, miniskirt, mini-car under- underground, semi-(半，部分) semicircle, semiskilled,(5).表示時(shí)間的前綴 pre- prewar post-

9、 postwar fore-(前，預(yù)先) foretell, foresee, weather forecast,1.動(dòng)詞變名詞： -ation satisfaction, education, realization -ment development, movement, disappointment,常見的后綴,-al arrival, refusal -ee trainee, employee -er teacher, worker -or visitor, sailor,2.形容詞變名詞 -ness happiness, meanness, carelessness -ity abi

10、lity, possibility -ism Marxism, criticism,3.名詞變形容詞： -y windy, rainy, sandy -ish foolish, feverish -some handsome, troublesome -ous dangerous, humorous -ful helpful, careful, peaceful,4. 名詞、形容詞變動(dòng)詞： -ify beautify, simplify -ize realize -en quicken, widen, sharpen,4. 截短 : 是指用截頭取尾的方法構(gòu)成新詞。 telephone - phone influenza - flu. 流行性感冒,5. 縮