1、中考英語復(fù)習(xí)方案 語法部分,第一篇 詞法 三、 形容詞、副詞 主備人：馬靜 李素云,知識(shí)概要 表示人或事物的屬性或特征的詞叫形容詞。形容詞修飾名詞，一般放在所修飾的名詞之前；若修飾不定代詞，則需后置。副詞用以修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞和其他副詞，還可修飾全句,說明時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、程度、方式等概念。英語中形容詞與副詞有原級(jí)、比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)之分。,形容詞、副詞比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)一覽表,難點(diǎn)鏈接,1.形容詞的用法 形容詞修飾名詞，說明事物或人的性質(zhì)或特征。通常，可將形容詞分成性質(zhì)形容詞和敘述形容詞兩類，其位置不一定都放在名詞前面。1)直接說明事物的性質(zhì)或特征的形容詞是性質(zhì)形容詞，它有級(jí)的變化，可以用程度副詞修飾，在句

2、中可作定語、表語和賓語補(bǔ)足語。例如： Our country is a beautiful country. （作定語） The fish went bad. （作表語） We keep our classroom clean and tidy. （作賓語補(bǔ)足語） 2)敘述形容詞只能作表語，所以又稱為表語形容詞。這類形容詞沒有級(jí)的變化，也不可用程度副詞修飾。大多數(shù)以a開頭的形容詞都屬于這一類。例如：afraid 害怕的。 （錯(cuò)）He is an ill man.（對）The man is ill. （錯(cuò)）She is an afraid girl.（對）The girl is afraid.這

3、類詞還有： well，unwell，ill，faint，afraid，alike，alive，alone，asleep，awake 等。3）形容詞作定語修飾名詞時(shí)，要放在名詞的前邊。但是如果形容詞修飾something, anything, nothing, everything等不定代詞時(shí),形容詞要放在名詞后面。 例如： I have something important to tell you. Is there anything interesting in the film.,難點(diǎn)鏈接,4） 大部分形容詞加-ly可構(gòu)成副詞。但 friendly，deadly，lovely，lonel

4、y，lively 仍為形容詞。如： (錯(cuò)） She sang lovely.（錯(cuò)） He spoke to me very friendly. （對）Her singing was lovely.（對）He spoke to me in a very friendly way. 有些以-ly 結(jié)尾既為形容詞，也為副詞。 daily，weekly，monthly，yearly，earlyThe Times is a daily paper. The Times is published daily. 5） 用形容詞表示類別和整體 a.某些形容詞加上定冠詞可以泛指一類人，與謂語動(dòng)詞的復(fù)數(shù)連接。如：

5、the dead，the living，the rich，the poor，the blind，the hungryThe poor are losing hope.b.有關(guān)國家和民族的形容詞加上定冠詞指這個(gè)民族的整體，與動(dòng)詞的復(fù)數(shù)連用。 the British，the English，the French，the Chinese. The English have wonderful sense of humor.,難點(diǎn)鏈接,6)多個(gè)形容詞修飾名詞的順序 多個(gè)形容詞修飾名詞時(shí)，其順序?yàn)椋合薅ㄔ~-數(shù)詞-描繪詞-(大小，長短，形狀，新舊，顏色) -出處-材料性質(zhì)，類別-名詞。如：a small

6、round table， a tall gray building， a dirty old brown shirt，a famous German medical school， an expensive Japanese sports car，限定詞+數(shù)量詞（序數(shù)詞在前，基數(shù)詞在后）+性狀形容詞+大小、長短、高低等形體。如： those three beautiful large square 新舊+顏色+國籍+材料+名詞。如： an old brown wood table,難點(diǎn)鏈接,2.副詞的基本用法 副詞主要用來修飾動(dòng)詞，形容詞，副詞或其他結(jié)構(gòu)。1）副詞的位置（1） 在動(dòng)詞之前。（2

7、） 在be動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞之后。（3）有多個(gè)助動(dòng)詞時(shí)，副詞一般放在第一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞后。注意：a. 大多數(shù)方式副詞位于句尾，但賓語過長，副詞可以提前，以使句子平衡。如： We could see very clearly a strange light ahead of us.b. 方式副詞well，badly，hard等只放在句尾。如：He speaks English well.2）副詞的排列順序：（1） 時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)副詞，小單位的在前，大單位在后。（2） 方式副詞，短的在前，長的在后，并用and或but等連詞連接。 Please write slowly and carefully.（3） 多個(gè)不同

8、副詞排列：程度+地點(diǎn)+方式+時(shí)間副詞。注意：副詞very 可以修飾形容詞，但不能修飾動(dòng)詞。改錯(cuò)：(錯(cuò))I very like English.(對)I like English very much.注意：副詞enough要放在形容詞的后面，形容詞enough放在名詞前后都可。如： I dont know him well enough.There is enough food for everyone to eat.There is food enough for everyone to eat.,難點(diǎn)鏈接,3) 副詞在句中可作狀語,表語和定語。 He studies very hard. （

9、作狀語） Life here is full of joy. （作定語） When will you be back? （作表語） 副詞按其用途和含義可分為下面五類： （1)時(shí)間副詞 時(shí)間副詞通常用來表示動(dòng)作的時(shí)間。常見的時(shí)間副詞有：now today, tomorrow, yesterday, before, late, early, never, seldom, sometimes, often, usually, always等。例如： He often comes to school late. What are we going to do tomorrow? He is never

10、 been to Beijing. （2)地點(diǎn)副詞 地點(diǎn)副詞通常用來表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的地點(diǎn)。常見的地點(diǎn)副詞有：here, there, inside, outside, home, upstairs, downstairs, anywhere, everywhere, nowhere, somewhere, down, up, off, on, in, out等。例如： I met an old friend of mine on my way home. He went upstairs. Put down your name here.,（3)方式副詞 方式副詞一般都是回答“怎樣的？”這類問題

11、的，其中絕大部分都是由一個(gè)形容詞加詞尾-ly構(gòu)成的, 有少數(shù)方式副詞不帶詞尾-ly, 它們與形容詞同形。常見的方式副詞有： badly, bravely, carefully, proudly, suddenly, successfully, angrily, happily, slowly, warmly, well, fast, slow, quick, hard, alone, high, straight, wide等。例如： The old man walked home slowly. Please listen to the teacher carefully. The bird

12、s are flying high. He runs very fast. （4)程度副詞 程度副詞多數(shù)用來修飾形容詞和副詞，有少數(shù)用來修飾動(dòng)詞或介詞短語。常見的程度副詞有：much, (a) little, a bit, very, so, too, enough, quite, rather, greatly, completely, nearly, almost, deeply, hardly, partly等。例如： Her pronunciation is very good. She sings quite well. I can hardly agree with you. （5

13、)疑問副詞 疑問副詞是用來引導(dǎo)特殊疑問句的副詞。常見的疑問副詞有：how, when, where, why等。例如： How are you getting along with your studies? Where were you yesterday? Why did you do that?,難點(diǎn)鏈接,難點(diǎn)鏈接,4)部分常用副詞的用法 (1) very, much 這兩個(gè)副詞都可表示“很”，但用法不同。very用來修飾形容詞和副詞的原級(jí)，而much用來修飾形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)。例如： She is a very nice girl. Im feeling much better no

14、w. much可以修飾動(dòng)詞，而very則不能。例如： I dont like the idea much. They did not talk much. (2) too, either 這兩個(gè)副詞都表示“也”，但too用于肯定句，either用于否定句。例如： She can dance, and I can dance, too. I havent read the book and my brother hasnt either. 3) already, yet already一般用于語肯定句，yet一般用于否定句。例如： He has already left. Have you he

15、ard from him yet? He hasnt answered yet. 4) so, neither（nor) so和neither都可用于倒裝句， 但so表示肯定，neither(nor)表示否定。 例如： My brother likes football and so do I. My brother doesnt like dancing and neither do I.,難點(diǎn)鏈接,3. 形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的用法 (1) 兩個(gè)人或事物的比較時(shí)（不一定每一方只有一個(gè)人或一個(gè)事物），用比較 級(jí)。 Our teacher is taller than we are. T

16、he boys in her class are taller than the boys in your class. (2) most 同形容詞連用而不用 the,表示 極,很,非常, 十分。 Its most dangerous to be here. 在這兒太危險(xiǎn)。 (3) The+形容詞比較級(jí)., the+形容詞比較級(jí).表示 越. 就越.。 The more you study, the more you know. (4) 形容詞比較級(jí) + and + 形容詞比較級(jí) , 表示 越來越. 。 Its getting hotter and hotter. (5) 主語+謂語(系動(dòng)詞)+

17、as+形容詞原形+as+從句。表示兩者對比相同。 This box is as big as mine. (6) the + 形容詞 表示某種人。 He always helps the poor. (7) 形容詞和副詞最高級(jí)用于三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上的人和物進(jìn)行比較。 Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in China.,（8）as + 形容詞或副詞原級(jí) + as的用法 A.在否定句或疑問句中可用so as。He cannot run so/as fast as you.B.當(dāng)as as 中間有名詞時(shí)采用以下格式。as +形容詞+ a +單數(shù)名詞+as， a

18、s + many/much +名詞+as.如：This is as good an example as the other is.I can carry as much paper as you can.C.用表示倍數(shù)的詞或其他程度副詞做修飾語時(shí)，放在as的前面。This room is twice as big as that one.Your room is the same size as mine.D.倍數(shù)+ as + adj. + as倍數(shù)+ the+名詞 + ofThis bridge is three times as long as that one.This bridge

19、is three times the length of that one.Your room is twice as large as mine.Your room is twice the size of mine. E. 為了避免重復(fù)，當(dāng)比較連詞前后的主語說的是同一類事物時(shí)，后面的主語要用代詞that或those代替。如： They lights in your room are as bright as those in mine. The population of Indian is not so large as that of China.,難點(diǎn)鏈接,例題解析,1 I thin

20、k Chinese is than maths. . interesting B.more interestingC. most interesting D. the most interesting 答案 B. 析 在有than作比較的句子中應(yīng)用形容詞的比較級(jí)。 2 - What does Lucy like better, singing or dancing? - Singing. of course. Shes known to it. A. be good at B. be good for C. be bad at D. be bad for 答案 A. 析 be good at為

21、固定搭配，意為擅長作某事。初中英語中有些這樣的固定用法應(yīng)記牢，而不能似是而非。如：be good at, be bad at, be poor in, be week in, be fit for 3The Huang He River is one of in China. A. The long river B. the longest riverC. the longest rivers D. the longer river 答案 C. 析 在one of + 定冠詞+最高級(jí)之后的名詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 4 The girl was afraid she threw her bag awa

22、y. A. so, that B. too, to C. too, that D. enough, to 答案 A. 析 sothat為如此怎樣以至于如何，此句意思是：小女孩如此害怕以至于扔下包跑掉了。而tooto的意思為如何如何，以至于不能作某事。但to的后面是動(dòng)詞原形，而不是從句。,例題解析,5 It was yesterday than today. A. hot B. hoter C. hotter D. the hottest 答案 C. 析 用than表達(dá)比較的句中應(yīng)用比較級(jí) 。 6 Which subject do you like , English Chinese or ma

23、ths? A. best B. well C. better D. good 答案 A. 析 在兩者之間應(yīng)用比較級(jí)，而在三者之間或三者以上用最高級(jí)。 7 None of the students watched it . A. careful enough B. enough carefully C. carefully enough D. enough careful 答案 C. 析 首先應(yīng)判定是選用用來修飾名詞的形容詞還是用來修飾動(dòng)詞的副詞。這里是修飾watch這一動(dòng)詞，應(yīng)選用副詞。當(dāng)enough用來修飾副詞或形容詞時(shí)應(yīng)放于被修飾的形容詞或副詞之后。 8 she eats, shell b

24、e. A. Morefat B. The morefatterC. Morethe fatter D. The morethe fatter 答案 D. 析 the+比較級(jí)表示越來越本句應(yīng)譯為：她吃得越多，她就會(huì)越胖。,例題解析,9 I dont think English is Chinese. A. as important as B. not important as C. not so important D. important as 答案 A. 析 think+賓語從句時(shí)，應(yīng)采用否定主句的形式，如：中文講，我認(rèn)為你不對，英文應(yīng)為：我不認(rèn)為你對。 I dont think you a

25、re right. 所以不能選答案B。而C、D均為不正確的表達(dá)法。 10 Miss Gao is a good English teacher. The students in her class English. A. are interested in B. are interesting in C. are interested at D. are interesting to 答案 A. 析 過去分詞常用來修飾人，而現(xiàn)在分詞常用來修飾物，如：an interesting book， 實(shí)際上過去分詞含有被動(dòng)之意，如：interested 其含意是被所吸引，感動(dòng)。而interesting

26、則為使人感興趣的，如：an interesting man 一個(gè)有趣、風(fēng)趣的人。11 The twins are together most of the time. So they never feel . A. alone B. lonely C. happily D. friendly 答案 B. 析 alone意為獨(dú)自的，一個(gè)人的，它只能作表語不能作定語。I am not alone in doing such a thing.而lonely 意為寂寞的，孤單的，如：The old man felt lonely. 要體會(huì)兩個(gè)詞的區(qū)別，如：The old man lived alone

27、, but he didnt feel lonely.,例題解析,12 What a cough! You seem ill. A. terrible, terribly B. terribly, terribleC. terrible, terrible D. terribly, terribly 答案 A. 析 terrible是形容詞，而terribly是副詞，第一個(gè)空是修飾名詞的，所以應(yīng)填入形容詞。第二個(gè)空ill是形容詞，這里terribly 是用來修飾ill的。 13 The two friends were pleased to see each other that they f

28、orgot everything. A. so B. too C. very D. much 答案 A. 析 這里用的是sothat的固定搭配。 14 Which is , Li Leis box or Han Meimeis box? A. heavy B. heavier C. more heavier D. the heaviest 答案 B. 析 兩者之間用比較級(jí)，三者或以上用最高級(jí)。 15 You dont like the same colours and I dont like them, . A. too B. also C. either D. neither 答案 C. 析

29、 在否定句中也應(yīng)用either, 而不要用too，因too用于肯定句中。,例題解析,16 Jim is at all his lessons. And Im sure hell do very in the exams. A. well, good B. good, well C. well, well D. good, good 答案 B. 析 good為形容詞，如：He is good. 他是個(gè)好人。而well作為身體狀況的好壞講時(shí)是形容詞，如：He is well為他身體不錯(cuò)，而作為其他意思時(shí)為副詞，如：He speaks English well. 17 You look than b

30、efore， why? A. more thin B. more thinner C. much more thin D. much thinner 答案 D. 析 多音節(jié)形容詞才用more或most加形容詞來表示其比較級(jí)或最高級(jí)，而thin的比較級(jí)為thinner。 18 Lets go out for supper now. Im very . A. hungry B. angry C. tired D. thirsty 答案 A. 析 hungry-餓，angry-生氣，tired-緊，疲勞，thirsty-口渴。要注意名詞的詞義。19 - Can you understand me?

31、- Sorry, I can understand you. A. hardly B. almost C. even D. ever 答案 A. 析 hardly為一否定詞，用在句中時(shí)應(yīng)被看作是否定句。在答語中Sorry決定了其意為聽不明白，所以只能選 hardly。,例題解析,20 do you write to your penfriend? About twice a month. A. How often B. How soon C. How much D. How long 答案 A. 析 how often用來提問某一動(dòng)作經(jīng)多久就要發(fā)生一次，也就是提問發(fā)生的頻率。how soon是

32、問從現(xiàn)在起還有多久。 21 Changjiang River is river in China A. long B. longer C. longest D. the longest 答案 D. 22 Ill work I can. A. so hardly as B. so hard as C. as hardly as D. as hard as 答案 D. 析 hard可用作形容詞和副詞，如：The desk was made of hard wood 又如：It is raining hard。 而 hardly 是副詞，其詞義是幾乎不，如：Hardly did I sleep la

33、st night. 我昨晚幾乎沒有睡覺。而且hardly用于句首時(shí)要采用倒裝語序。asas即可以用于肯定句，也可以用于否定句，但soas則只能用于否定句中。,例題解析,23 It is very to listen to him. A. interested B. interesting C. interested in D. interest 答案 B. 析 interest作為名詞有兩個(gè)詞義，興趣，銀行中所講的利息。而其形容詞 interesting是使人感興趣的，而interested是感興趣的如：He is interested in English. 24 Things are wo

34、rse than I thought. A. more B. few C. very D. much 答案 D. 析 只有much可以修飾比較級(jí)。 25 It is one oclock, but her father hasnt come back . A. already B. still C. too D. yet 答案 D. 析 完成時(shí)的否定句尾要用yet， 而already則用于肯定句。 26 Comrade Chen is older than I. A. very B. more C. much D. quite 答案 C. 析 只有much可以修飾比較級(jí)?？梢孕揎棻容^級(jí)的詞還有

35、much, far, even a little, by far等。,例題解析,27 She did her homework . A. carefully B. careful C. care D. careless 答案 A. 析 這里應(yīng)填入副詞，而careless是由care加less后輟得來的，less意為沒有，是否定之意，如：careless-不小心，homeless-無家可歸。而carefully為副詞。 28 They cant answer the question in Japanese; we cant answer it, . A. also B. too C. eith

36、er D. neither 答案 C. 29 - How are your parents? - They are very , thank you. A. good B. kind C. well D. happy 答案 C. 析 由問句得知其詢問的是身體如何，所以well作為身體狀況不錯(cuò)時(shí)應(yīng)視為形容詞。 30 Peter runs in our class. A. the fast B. faster C. fastest D. most fast 答案 C. 析 副詞的最高級(jí)前可以加定冠詞，也可以不加定冠詞。,課時(shí)訓(xùn)練,單項(xiàng)填空 1There are many young trees o

37、n sides of the road. A. every B. each C. both D. all 2- Its so cold today. - Yes, its than it was yesterday. A. more cold B. more colder C. much colder D. cold 3Little Tom has friends, so he often plays alone. A. more B. a little C. many D. few 4She isnt so at maths as you are. A. well B. good C. be

38、tter D. best 5Peter writes of the three. A. better B. best C. good D. well 6He is enough to carry the heavy box. A. stronger B. much stronger C. strong D. the strongest 7I bought exercise-books with money. A. a few; a few B. a few; a little C. a little; a few D. a little; a little 8The box is heavy

39、for the girl carry. A. too; to B. to; too C. so; that D. no; to 9The ice in the lake is about one meter . Its strong enough to skate on. A. long B. high C. thick D. wide,C,C,D,B,B,B,C,A,C,課時(shí)訓(xùn)練,10Wu Lin ran faster than the other boys in the sports meeting. A. so B. much C. very D. too 11. Jone looks

40、so _ today because she has got an “A” in her maths test. A. happy B. happily C. angry D. angrily 12. The smile on my fathers face showed that he was _ with me. A. sad B. pleased C. angry D. sorry 13. -Mum, could you buy me a dress like this? -Certainly, we can buy _ one than this, but _ this. A. a b

41、etter; better than B. a worse; as good as C. a cheaper; as good as D. a more important; good as 14. -This digital camera is really cheap! -The _ the better. Im short of money, you see. A. cheap B. cheaper C. expensive D. more expensive 15. If you want to learn English well, you must use it as _ as p

42、ossible. A. often B. long C. hard D. soon 16. Paul has _ friends except me, and sometimes he feels lonely. A. many B. some C. few D. more 17. English people _ use Mr. Before a mans first name. A. never B. usually C. often D. sometimes,B,A,B,C,B,C,A,A,18. -One more satellite was sent up into space in

43、 China in May. -Right. The government spoke _ that. A. highly for B. high of C. well of D. highly of 19. -Remember this, children. _ careful you are, _ mistakes you will make. -We know, Miss Gao. A. The more; the more B. The fewer; the more C. The more; the fewer D. The less; the less 20. I have _ t

44、o do today. A. anything important B. something important C. important nothing D. important something 21.Which is_ season in Beijing? I think its autumn. A.good B.better C.best D.the best 22.It is_today than yesterday.Shall we go swimming this afternoon? A.the hottest B.hot C.hottest D.hotter ,課時(shí)訓(xùn)練,D,C,B