1、現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞的區(qū)別,臨 高 中 學 賴曉菁 2013年6月20日,現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞的區(qū)別主要表現(xiàn)在語態(tài)和時間兩個方面 一、語態(tài)的區(qū)別： 1及物動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞在語態(tài)上的區(qū)別：現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動，過去分詞表示被動。例如： surprising / surprised exciting / excited moving / moved interesting / interested frightening / frightened,現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞的區(qū)別, The result of the test is disappointing 考試成績令人失望。 He felt disa

2、ppointed in the result of the test. 他對考試成績感到失望。,2不及物動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞：在語態(tài)上，不及物動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞沒有區(qū)別，因為它們都表示主動意義。它們的區(qū)別主要表現(xiàn)在時間方面。例如:,falling leaves 正在下落的樹葉 fallen leaves 落在地上的樹葉、 the changing world 正在改變的世界 the changed world 已經發(fā)生改變的世界,二、時間的區(qū)別：一般地講，現(xiàn)在分詞表示動作正在進行，過去分詞表示動作已經完成。例如：,The house being built over there is

3、 a shop 那里正在建造的房子是一家商 店。（正在進行） The house built over there is a shop 那里已建好的房子是一家商店。（已經完成） The questions discussed just now are quite easy，but those being discussed are very difficult 剛討論的問題相當容易，但正在討論的問題卻很難 （前者表示已經完成，后者表示正在進行。）,developing country 發(fā)展中國家 developed country 發(fā)達國家 boiling water 正在沸騰的水 boile

4、d water 開水 a retired worker 退休工人 an escaped prisoner 逃犯 returned students 歸國留學生 the exploded bomb 爆炸過的炸彈,現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞用法區(qū)別,1.分詞作定語 分詞作定語時，單個的分詞通常放在被修飾的名詞之前，分詞短語一般置于所修飾的中心詞后面?，F(xiàn)在分詞修飾的是發(fā)出該動作的名詞(與名詞有主謂關系)，過去分詞修飾承受該動作的名詞(與名詞是動賓關系)。,E.g. This is really an exhausting day to all of us! We can see the part of th

5、e moon lighted by sunlight. The young sitting between my sister and my brother is my cousin Jack.,2.分詞作表語分詞作表語通常看作形容詞來用?，F(xiàn)在分詞表示主語的性質，而且主語多為物；過去分詞表示主語的心理感受或狀態(tài)，主語多為人。,The film “Harry Potter” is really exciting, and I am excited about it. His response to the question was quite disappointing. I really fe

6、lt disappointed at his response.,3.分詞作賓語補足語,現(xiàn)在分詞在see, watch, hear, observe, notice, feel, find, glimpse, glance等感官動詞和look at, listen to等短語動詞以及have, keep, get, catch, leave, set, start, send等使役動詞后面與名詞和代詞構成復合賓語，作賓語補語的成分。,例如 1、On the top of the hill, we could see smoke rising from the chimneys in the v

7、illage. 2、The boy sat beside the railway line and watched the trains roaring by. 3、We should not leave him wondering what he should do. 4、I am sorry to have kept you waiting for such a long time. 5、I caught him doing something else in class.,過去分詞可以在allow, ask, consider, desire, expect, feel, find, g

8、et, have, hear, imagine, keep, like, make, observe, order, permit, prefer, remember, request, require, see, urge等動詞等后面作賓語補足語。例如 1、I expected you well prepared for the examination. 2、You should keep her informed of what is going on here.,注意：在動詞see, hear, feel, watch, notice，perceive，observe, listen t

9、o, look at后既可用現(xiàn)在分詞做補語,也可用（不帶to的）不定式做補語。用現(xiàn)在分詞表示動作正在進行,用不定式表示的動作的全過程已經完成。,例如 I saw Mr. White get off a bus. I saw Mr. White looking into a shop window. Do you hear someone knocking at the door? Yes, I did. I heard him knock three times.,4.分詞作狀語,分詞在句子中作狀語，可以表示時間、條件、原因、結果（補充說明）、讓步、伴隨等。分詞做狀語時，它的邏輯主語與句子的主

10、語一致。作狀語的分詞相當于一個狀語從句。例如 Hearing the news, they all jumped with joy. =（When they are hearing the news） Using what you know of word stems and word formations, you can make a guess at the meaning of a new word. =（when you are using）,1、The students went out of the classroom, laughing and talking. 2、Accom

11、panied by his friend, he went to the railway station. 3、Given better attention, the plants could grow better. 4、He looked tired and depressed, visibly disturbed by the news of his mothers illness.,分詞在句子中作狀語，使用何種分詞，要取決于分詞與句子主語的關系：主謂關系用現(xiàn)在分詞，動賓或被動關系用過去分詞。,Eg. Not having enough hands, we turned to them

12、for help. (we dont have enough hands) Taught by mistakes, we have become wiser (we are taught/teach us),習題精選-分詞用法: 1.The boy went to the ball, like a pretty girl. A. dressing B. wearing C. wore D. dressed 2. Theplanisheard_sowellthatwedonthavetomakeanychanges. A.todesign B.designing C.designed D.des

13、ign 3. The film was made on a true old story. A. base B. to be based C. based D. basing,D,C,C,不及物動詞表示動作的完成,4. When ,the museum will be open to the public next year. A. completed B. completing C. being completed D. to be completed 5. to his research, he almost forgot everything. A. Devoting B. Devote

14、d C. To devote D. Devote,A,B,6._niceanddelicious,thefriedchic-kenwassoonsoldout. A.Tasted B.Beingtasted C.Tasting D. Totaste 7. on his novel, he didnt notice the teacher coming. A. Fixed B. Fixing C. Fix D. To fix 8._thedistancewastoolongandthetimewasshort,wedecidednottodrivetoFlorida. A.Discovering

15、 B.Todiscover C.Tohavediscovered D.Discovered,C,A,A,9. such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river. A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. To suffer D. Suffered 10. the past, our life is becoming much better. A. Comparing with B. Be compared with C. To compare with D. Comp

16、ared with 11. The boy was last seen near the East Lake. A. playing B. play C. played D. to play,A,D,A,12.Tom was very unhappy for to the party. A. having not been invited B. not having invited C. having not invited D. not having been invited 13.When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door “Sorry to miss you; will call later.” A. read B. reads C. reading D. to read,D,C,14._thatitwa