1、Unit 2 Working the land Part Grammar 動名詞作主語和賓語一、【學習目標】1.熟練掌握動詞-ing形式的構成和作用；2.熟悉動詞-ing形式的基本用法。二、【自主預習】 Read the text and find out the sentences that use ing forms as either the subject or objectSubject: 1. _2. _3. _Object of verb: _Object of preposition:1. _2. _3. _三、【自主預習】 (請大家認真閱讀以下內(nèi)容)定義：動名詞是動詞的一種非

2、限定形式，兼有動詞和名詞的特征，它可以帶賓語，也能被狀語修飾。動名詞接賓語或狀語構成動名詞短語。動名詞有時態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化。基本形式：由動詞原形家詞尾+-ing構成，與現(xiàn)在分詞形式相同。動名詞已經(jīng)名詞化了，而現(xiàn)在分詞常表示動作或狀態(tài)。如：a sleeping chair 躺/睡椅（動名詞，表用途） a sleeping child 正在睡覺的孩子（現(xiàn)在分詞，表狀態(tài)）一般式完成式主動式(not) doing(not) having done被動式(not) being done(not) having been done一、動名詞作主語1） 直接位于句首做主語。 Reading is an art

3、. 讀書是一種藝術。 Working in these conditions is not a pleasure but a suffering. 在這種工作條件下工作不是一件愉快的事而是一件痛苦的事。注意：動名詞做主語時，謂語動詞為單數(shù)2）用 it 作形式主語，把動名詞(真實主語)置于句尾作后置主語。It is no use/no good crying over spilt milk. 覆水難收It is a waste of time persuading such a person to join us. 勸說這樣的人加入是浪費時間。這種用法在習慣句型中常用，常用句型：It is +

4、no use/no good/useless/senseless/fun/enjoyable/tiring/interesting/foolish/nice/a waste of time/a pleasure + v.ing 注意：important，essential，necessary 等形容詞后面不用動名詞（常用不定式）。 3） 用于“There be”結構中。 There is no saying when hell come. 很難說他何時回來。There is no joking about such matters. 對這種事情不是開玩笑。常用句型：There is no +

5、v.ing = It is impossible to do 注意：在“There be”句型中，只能用動名詞，而不能用不定式作主語。4） 用于布告形式的省略結構中。 No smoking ( =No smoking is allowed (here) ). 禁止吸煙。 No parking. 禁止停車。5） 動名詞的復合結構作主語 當動名詞有自己的邏輯主語時，?？梢栽谇懊婕由弦粋€物主代詞或名詞所有格，構成動名詞的復合結構。動名詞的復合結構也可以在句中作主語。例如： Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us. 他們前來幫忙對我們來

6、說是極大的鼓舞。Lao Lis going there wont be of much help. 老李去不會有多大幫助。二、動名詞作賓語（1）作動詞的賓語*某些動詞后出現(xiàn)非限定性動詞時只能用動名詞作賓語，不能用不定式。常見的此類動詞有：advise, suggest, allow, permit, avoid, consider, enjoy, finish, cannot help, imagine, include, keep, keep on, mind, miss, delay, practise, resist, postpone(推遲)，deny(否認), appreciate

7、(欣賞，感激), escape, excuse, pardon, cant stand, put off, give up等。如：Would you mind opening the window? 把窗戶打開好嗎？She suggested going to the Great Wall for the spring outing. 她建議去長城春游。Seeing the picture, he couldnt help laughing. 看了這幅畫，他禁不住大笑起來。Mark often attempts to escape being fined whenever he breaks

8、traffic regulations. 每當馬克違反交通規(guī)則時，他常常企圖逃避罰款的處分。*在下面這種結構中也可以用動名詞（短語）做賓語：find/think/consider + it（形式賓語） + no use/no good/useless + v.ing（真正賓語）.I found it pleasant walking along the seashore. 在海灘上走真是樂事。Do you consider it any good trying again? 你認為再試一次有好處嗎？*形容詞worth后也可接動名詞，作為復合謂語的賓語。The music is well wor

9、th listening to more than once. 這種曲子很值得多聽幾遍。（2）作介詞的賓語*能接動名詞的短語有：think of/about, dream of/about, hear of, prevent/keep/stopfrom, depend on, set about, succeed (in), worry about, burst out, insist on, be/get used to, devoteto, look forward to, pay attention to, get down to, be good at, do well in, be

10、fond of, be interested in, be tired of, be afraid of, spend(in), feel like, preferto, instead of, in case of等等。We are thinking of making a new plan for the next term. 我們正考慮為下學期制定新計劃。Shall we have a rest or get down to doing our work? 我們休息呢還是開始干活？Ann has been looking forward to coming to China for a

11、long time. 安好久以來就盼望著來中國。*在下面的結構中，介詞in?？墒÷裕海?）S + have + trouble/difficulty/problems/fun/a struggle/ a good time/a hard time + (in) +V-ing（2）S + spend time/money + (in) +V-ing（3）S + be busy + (in) +V-ing（4）S + lose no time + (in) +V-ing （立即 ）We are busy (in) preparing for the coming sports meet. Do y

12、ou have any difficulty (in) understanding spoken English? 四、【合作探究】 I. 請在五分鐘以內(nèi)完成下面十個單選題，加油！1. Mark often attempts to escape _ whenever he breaks traffic regulations.A. having been fined B. to have been fined C. to be fined D. being fined2. I really appreciate _ to help me, but I am sure that I can ma

13、nage by myself.A. you to offer B. that you offer C. your offering D. that you are offering3. The thief took away the womans wallet without_.A. being seen B. seeing C. him seeing D. seeing him4. No one can avoid _ by advertisements.A. to be influenced B. being influenced C. influencing D. having infl

14、uenced5. They are considering _ before the prices go up.A. of buying the house B. with buying the house C. buying the house D. to buy the house6. If I had remembered _ the door, the things would not have been stolen.A. to lock B. locking C. to have locked D. having locked7. My transistor radio isnt

15、working. It _.A. need repairing B. needs to repair C. needs repairing D. need to be repaired8. It is no use _ me not to worry.A. you tell B. your telling C. for you to have told D. having told9. He is very busy _ his papers. He is far too busy _ callers.A. to write; to receive B. writing; to receive

16、 C. writing; receiving D. to write; for receiving10. The suspect at last admitted _ stolen goods but denied _ them.A. receiving; selling B. to receive; to sellC. to receiving; to selling D. to have received; to have soldII. 完成句子（熟能生巧哦?。?. is not a good habit.（careless）粗心不是一個好習慣。2. I dont remember . (meet)我記不得以前見過他。3. Thank you help. (trouble)謝謝你費力幫忙。4. ; doing is another.說是說，做是做。5. We are looking forward to .(see) 我們盼望再次見到你。6. It