1、Discovering useful structures- The -ing form as the Subject and Object學(xué)習(xí)目標：熟悉掌握動名詞做主語賓語學(xué)習(xí)重難點：了解動名詞做主語賓語的形式用法并靈活運用學(xué)習(xí)方法：多讀例句，感受規(guī)律，掌握結(jié)構(gòu)，靈活應(yīng)用Task 1: Read the following sentences using the ing form as subject and object first and try to learn by yourself how to use it and in what context.1） Reading is an

2、 art. 讀書是一種藝術(shù)。2） Working in these conditions is not a pleasure but a suffer. 在這種工作條件下工作不是一件愉快的事而是一件痛苦的事。3）They went on walking and never stopped talking.他們繼續(xù)走，說個不停。4）I found it pleasant walking along the seashore.在海灘上走真是樂事。5）Mark often attempts to escape being fined whenever he breaks traffic regula

3、tions. 每當馬克違反交通規(guī)則時，他常常企圖逃避罰款的處分。6）Would you mind turning down your radio a little, please? 您介意把音響調(diào)低一點兒嗎？7）The squirrel was lucky that it just missed being caught. 這只松鼠很幸運沒有被捉到。8）Her job is washing,cleaning and taking care of the children. 她的工作是洗衣服，打掃和照顧孩子。9）They run into constant discrimination in t

4、rying to find a job or friend.在尋找工作和結(jié)交朋友方面，他們不斷地受到歧視10）Living in digs means having one room in someones house.寄居的意思是在別人的家里借住一間房間。v-ing形式做主語賓語定義：動名詞是由動詞+ing變化而來，它仍保留著動詞的某些特征，具有動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化，但沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化。用以表達名詞所不能表達的較為復(fù)雜的意念。動名詞的名詞特征表現(xiàn)在它可在句子中當名詞來用，作主語、賓語、表語、定語。它也可以被副詞修飾或者支配賓語。作用：動名詞具有名詞的性質(zhì)，因此在句中可以作主語、表語、賓語

5、、定語等。動名詞的形式：(其否定形式是在v-ing前面加not)主動形式被動形式一般式doingbeing done完成式having donehaving been done1動名詞的一般式所表示的動作通常是一般性動作，即不是明確地發(fā)生在過去、現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼膭幼鳎蛘呤潜硎九c謂語動詞所表示的動作同時發(fā)生的動作。we are very interested in collecting stamps.我們對集郵很感興趣。His coming will be of great help to us. 他來對我們大有幫助。2動名詞的完成式所表示的動作或狀態(tài)在謂語動詞之前完成或結(jié)束。He regrets

6、 not having taken part in the work. 他后悔沒有參加這項工作。We were praised for having finished the work ahead of time.我們因提前完成了這項工作而受到了表揚。3動名詞的否定式是在v-ing前面加not。he hated himself for not having work hard. 他悔恨自己沒有用功。he felt sorry for not having done the work well. 他為沒有把工作做好感到難過。4動名詞的被動式：當動名詞的邏輯主語是行為承受者時，用被動語態(tài)。如：i

7、like being given harder work. 我喜歡接受難點的工作。she is proud of being admitted into the university. 她為被大學(xué)錄取而感到自豪。the meeting was put off without his having been consulted. 會議延期并未和他商量。5邏輯主語：由于非謂語動詞在語法上是不能做句子的謂語的，也就是說在語法上它們是沒有主語的。但是在形式上，非謂語動詞仍然是表示一個動作，所以在邏輯上仍然有一個動作的執(zhí)行者或承受者。非謂語動詞動作的執(zhí)行者或承受者和非謂語在邏輯上存在著主謂關(guān)系或動賓關(guān)系

8、，但不能直接作非謂語動詞的主語，因此叫邏輯主語。一、動名詞作主語動名詞作主語往往表示經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性的動作。動名詞作主語時，謂語動詞要用單數(shù)。Reading is an art. 讀書是一種藝術(shù)。Climbing mountains is really fun. 爬山真是有趣。1直接位于句首做主語。Swimming is a good sport in summer.2. 用 it 作形式主語，把動名詞(真正主語)置于句尾作后置主語。動名詞做主語時，不太常用 it 作先行主語，多見于某些形容詞及名詞之后。常見的能用于這種結(jié)構(gòu)的形容詞有：better，wonderful，enjoyable，int

9、eresting，foolish，difficult，useless，senseless，worthwhile等。常用這種結(jié)構(gòu)的句型有：it is no use.，it is no good.，it is fun.，it is a waste of time.等句型中。例如：It is no use telling him not to worry.It is no use/good/a waste of time talking about that.注意：important，essential，necessary 等形容詞不能用于上述結(jié)構(gòu)。3. 用于“there be”結(jié)構(gòu)中。例如：The

10、re is no saying when hell come.很難說他何時回來。4. 用于布告形式的省略結(jié)構(gòu)中。例如：No smoking ( =no smoking is allowed (here) ). （禁止吸煙）No parking. （禁止停車）5. 動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作主語當動名詞有自己的邏輯主語時，?？梢栽谇懊婕由弦粋€名詞或代詞的所有格，構(gòu)成動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)(這時，名詞或代詞的所有格做動名詞的邏輯主語)。動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)也可以在句中作主語。例如：Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us.動名詞作主語與動詞不定式作主語

11、的比較動詞不定式和動名詞都可以用作主語。在意義上相近。但動名詞多用來表示泛指或抽象動作，不定式多用來表示特指或具體動作。比較：Smoking is not good for health.It is not good for you to smoke so much.注意：1) 在口語中，用動名詞作主語位于句首的較不定式多見。2) 當句子中的主語和表語都是非限定動詞時，要遵循前后一致的原則，主語和表語在形式上要求統(tǒng)一：Seeing is believing.To see is to believe.二、動名詞作賓語1某些動詞后只能用動名詞作賓語，不能用不定式。常見的此類動詞有：admit, a

12、ppreciate, excuse, stand, advise, allow, permit, avoid, consider, enjoy, finish, give up, cannot help, imagine, include, keep, understand, keep on, mind, report, risk, miss, put off, delay, practise, resist, suggest, depend on, think about, set about, succeed in, worry about, burst out, insist on, c

13、ant help, feel like, be used to, get used to, devoteto, look forward to, pay attention to, get down to, escape 等。i have finished writing the book.i suggest going to the park on sunday.2在allow, advise, forbid, permit后直接跟動名詞作賓語，如果有名詞或代詞作賓語，則構(gòu)成“ allowadviseforbidpermit 名詞代詞不定式（賓語補足語）”之形式。如：we dont allo

14、w smoking herewe dont allow anybody to smoke here3動詞need, require, want意為“需要”時，后跟動名詞的主動式或不定式的被動式作賓語，意義沒有區(qū)別。如：The window needs cleaning. = the window needs to be cleanedYour hair needs cutting. = your hair needs to be cut.4在begin, continue, love, like, hate, prefer, intend, start 后用動名詞和用不定式作賓語均可，意義沒有

15、多大區(qū)別。In spite of my efforts the baby continuedto cry / crying.盡管我盡力哄這個嬰兒，但他還是哭個不停。5動詞forget, go on, mean, regret, remember, stop, try, be used to, cant help后跟動名詞和跟不定式區(qū)別較大，須注意: forget, regret, remember后跟動名詞，動名詞表示已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動作；后跟不定式表示將要發(fā)生的動作。go on doing 繼續(xù)做原來做的事go on to do 接著做另一件事mean doing 意味著要做某事mean to d

16、o 想要做某事stop doing 停止做某事stop to do 停下來（別的事）開始做某事try doing 試著做某事try to do 努力做某事be used to doing 習(xí)慣于做某事be used to do 被用來做某事cant help doing 禁不住做某事cant help to do 不能幫助做某事Task 2: Try to use what you have learnt and check whether you have mastered it 用所給詞的正確形式填空1. Can you imagine yourself _ (stay) in a lon

17、ely island? 2. I cant understand your _ (laugh) at that poor child. 3. She didnt mind_ (work) overtime. 4. We are looking forward to Marys_ (come). 5. She was praised for _ (save) the life of the child. 6. She ought to be praised instead of _ (criticize).7. Is there any possibility of our _ (win) th

18、e championship? 8.He came to the party without _ (invite).9. They thought there is no trouble _ (tell) their favorite brand from other brands.10. Some birds finally reach home by accidentally _ (come) across landmarks which they recognize. 11. Millions of pounds have been spent _ (improve) the free

19、state education system in Britain. 單項選擇1. _the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragementAThe president will attend BThe president to attendC. The president attended DThe presidents attending2. In some parts of London，missing a bus means _for another hourA. waiting Bto wait Cwait Dto be

20、 waiting3. I really appreciate _to relax with you on this nice islandAto have had time Bhaving time Cto have time Dto having time5One learns a language by making mistakes and _themAcorrect Bcorrecting Ccorrect Dto correct6Mr. Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to _some schools for poor child

21、renAset up Bsetting up Chave set up Dhaving set up7Tony was very unhappy for _ to the partyAhaving not been invited Bnot having invitedChaving not invited Dnot having been invited8You were brave enough to raise objections at the meetingWell, now I regret _thatAto do Bto be doing Cto have done Dhavin

22、g done9She didnt remember _him beforeAhaving met Bhave met Cto meet Dto having met10The library needs_，but itll have to wait until SundayAcleaning Bbe cleaned Cclean Dbeing cleaned11. All the staff in our company are considering _ to the city centre for the fashion show. A. to go B. going C. to have

23、 gone D. having gone12. Can I smoke here?Sorry. We dont allow _ here. A. people smoking B. people smoke C. to smoke D. smoking13. Its hard to imagine _ anywhere else but here.A. live B. to live C. living D. to living14. The light in the office is still on.Oh, I forgot _.A. turning it off B. turn it off C. to turn it off D. having turned it off15. What do you think of the book?Oh, excellent. It s worth _ a second time.A. to read B. to be read C. reading D. being read16. This sentence needs _.A. a improvem