1、 考博寫作強化部分一、強化部分和基礎階段的差別是什么 1. 思路體系固定化 2. 加強真題的演練 3. 選詞成句思路的建立 4. 加大體裁、例證的背誦力度 5. 合理排列復習進度并加大練習 二、思維體系固定化 （一）還有哪些體裁沒有涉及 1. 教育/就業(yè)/成功 2. 電訊（英特網、手機、微博、網上教育） 3. 環(huán)保 4. 家庭關系/溝通/代溝/養(yǎng)老 5. 娛樂/炫富/明星代言 6. 發(fā)展（太空/高鐵/國防/房價/農民工貢獻）和文化 7. 科技和藝術 （二）寫作的基本流程是否清楚？ 1. 是否建立了立場清晰的意識？ 例子：以下這篇作文能得多少分？ In my view, a focal soci

2、al point, that is, friendship and communication is indispensable.（錯誤 1） To begin with, it is not only beneficial for advance of a nation, but also essential for development of a person. （錯誤 2）What is more, it （錯誤 3）can teach people treat others with sympathy, sincerity and love. Still, it can help p

3、eople obtain more opportunities in the competition and achieve themselves in the prospective career. Last but not the least, it will certainly exert positive influence on sustainable development of society.（合作） 再看這段： China has rapidly developing in recent years. （錯誤 3） According to the economic data

4、s by the government, our country has changed stronger than before. （錯誤 4） So with it followed there are a phenomenon called “China hot” in many other countries.（錯誤 5）that is, foreigners like to travel in China, wearing traditional Chinese costume, eating Chinese diet, even learning Chinese and Beiji

5、ng Opera. However, is that the picture tells us? Certainly not.（錯誤 6）The American girl is not only wearing a traditional Chinese costume but expressing Chinese traditional cultural sign. Furthermore, this picture above does convey a truth that the national culture is international culture,（ 錯 誤 7）an

6、d that is easily to understand. 2. 萬能思維框架是否建立？ 1）十大“”詞組 重要：become increasingly important/is of the utmost importance/plays an important part 喜歡：become increasingly aware of the position of/be in preference for 重視：give more priority to、注意：pay attention to its position of/its threat of 影響：The influenc

7、e ofis essentially positive/negative/adverse/beneficial 利弊：The benefits ofoutweigh the so-called disadvantages. 解決問題：solve many practical problems/帶來益處：益處：benefit tremendously from/gain numerous material benefit from 反對：object to/withstand/倡導：advocate/encourage/promote/propose 有害：threaten to do more

8、 harm than good/turn a blind eye to 物質 金錢 責任 愛心 方便 作息 娛樂 健康 安全 溝通 素質成功 違法犯罪 文化 發(fā)展 環(huán)保 三、鎖詞成句思想的初步建立 1. 常見話題的思維線： 1） 養(yǎng)老愛心：物質-金錢-責任-愛心 2） 身心健康：占用時間-熬夜-生活顛倒-亞健康 3） 網絡問題：方便-效率-溝通-互動-安全 4） 教育人生觀：知識-能力-技能-素質-機會-發(fā)展-成功 5） 文明文化：歷史-智慧-傳統(tǒng)-遺產-成就-形象-文明 6） 環(huán)保話題：利潤-缺乏自律-不負責-政府缺乏管制 2. 鎖到核心字后，盡量回歸到五種英文句型： 1） (a/an/th

9、e)名詞+動詞+名詞+方法+（at/on/in）地點+(at/on/in)時間2） 名詞 （look/seem/appear/remain）+形容詞+地點+時間 上述句型的變形：名詞(is filled with/is full of)+派生名詞 3） There (lie/live/stand/exist/remain/emerge/happen to./used to) 4） 被動語態(tài)：名詞-be-過去分詞 5） It is 形容詞+for somebody to do something. 變形 It is crucial (essential) that something be do

10、ne. 四、加大素材背誦力度 五、合理安排復習背誦順序1）先準備通用性強的 2） 再準備通用性弱的 3） 最后看偏題怪題 第二部分：真題演練和講解真題話題 1：養(yǎng)老-愛心 思維線：物質-金錢-責任-愛心 Write a composition in the title “Benefits of Volunteering” Is it worthwhile to work as a volunteer？People might vary in their views, but as I can see it, there do exist many benefits in the matter

11、of volunteering, as can be seen in the following paragraphs. 做一名志愿者是否值得呢？人們的看法也許各異，但是在我看來，在志愿活動中的確存在很多好處,如下段所示。 Volunteering plays a key role in a civilized society, and one of the benefits is that it solves many practical problems for the disadvantaged groups. For one thing, the participants of thi

12、s activity can provide the refugees with some daily necessities such as food and clothes, especially when disasters happen. For another thing, children in remote regions can receive proper education for the improvement of their qualities, thanks to volunteering. In this way, social responsibility is

13、 truly performed in this process, with moral obligation fulfilled. To conclude, benefits of volunteering are best shown in the social level: people in difficult situations can receive material support and spiritual comfort. 志愿活動在文明社會起到重要作用，好處之一是為弱勢群體解決了實際問題。一方面， 當發(fā)生的時候，這個活動的參與者為難民們帶來重要的生活必需品，如食品和衣服。

14、另一方面，由于志愿活動，邊緣地區(qū)的兒童可以得到教育以改善他們的素質。社會責任在志愿活動的過程中得到履行，道德義務得以維護，這種情況下，志愿活動的益處在社會層面上得處于得到最好的反映：處在困難境地的人們可以得到物質支持和精神安慰。 Some readers might point out that volunteers might take up much time and energy, or earn little money. This statement does contain an element of truth. But it is still significant for t

15、hem to participate in this social activity, because their efforts bring love and care to other people. Meanwhile, a sense of harmony can be achieved in a society. All these cannot be measured by money and time, but are indispensable for a society calling for peace and equality. 志愿者也許會占用時間和精力，不會掙到很多錢

16、。但是參加這種社會活動依然很有意義。因為他們的努力為他人帶來了愛和關心，同時在社會上形成和諧之感。這不能用金錢和時間衡量，但是對于呼喚和平平等的社會卻不可缺少。 To sum up, the influence of volunteering is essentially beneficial: it is one of the most important solutions, on the basis of unselfish devotion, for many socialproblems. This point of view might be traditional, but is

17、 rational and justified.總之，志愿活動的影響從本質上是積極的：它以個人奉獻為基礎，是諸多社會問題最為重要的一個解決之道。這種觀點也許有些傳統(tǒng)，但是卻理性而合理。亮點句摘抄： 1. For the sake of love, many warm-hearted social members provide food, clothes and money to the people in some disaster regions 2. donate ones blood to a dying patient 獻血 3. financially support a chil

18、d to further his education.資助失學兒童 4. raise donations for the disaster-stricken regions 為災區(qū)集資 5. The good deed might be misunderstood for malignance, or taken advantage of （善意舉動也許會被誤解為惡意，或者被人加以利用） 6. It is not proper to adopt an attitude of indifference towards other people 不要對他人持以冷漠的態(tài)度 7. In this wa

19、y, those sufferers can be rescued from danger(hazards)可以被從困境中被8. Love endows people with optimism, courage, and faith.愛心賦予人類樂觀、勇氣和信念 9. It is a symbol of cohesive force, which tremendously strengthens mutual support among different social groups 10. It consolidates social stability, which is an indi

20、spensable part of a harmonious society（增強互助、增強社會凝聚、和諧社會） 11. People in difficult situations can experience joy, comfort and love, and then relieve their suffering, sadness and pain.處在困難中的人可以體會快樂、安慰和愛，消除痛苦、悲傷和疼痛。 12. For youngsters, happiness might mean modern life style, but for old people, it is a

21、felt experience that philosophers call pleasure. 幸福也許是一種生活方式， 但是對于老人，它是一種真切的感受，哲學家們稱為愛。 is not irritable and resentful; it does not envy or boast. To sum up, love bears 14. As I can see it, love is patient and kind; love is not arrogant or rude; love 13. Love is not vague and abstract, but visible a

22、nd concrete. 愛不是虛幻和抽象的， 而是具體而可視的。 all things, believes all things, and endures all things.它是一種看得到摸得到 的感覺。在我看來，愛是善良和耐心；它不嫉妒不張揚。愛是不輕易動怒和憎恨。愛包容一切，承受一切，忍受一切。 15. Sincere love is like the bright sunshine that dispels solitude. Sincere love is a gentle rain, blessing the givers and receivers.真摯的愛是明媚的陽光驅走寂

23、寞，真摯的愛是溫柔之雨，祝福著給予的人和得到的人。 換寫題目：Benefits of volunteers during the Olympics 話題 2：沉溺網絡與身心健康身心健康話題 What is the one thing you have learned from doing sports which applies to all aspects of your life? Please use examples to illustrate your points. （2013 年中科院考題） 思維線：占用時間-生活顛倒-亞健康-影響生活效率-好習慣-自我調整范文： What is

24、 the thing one can learn from doing sports? People might vary in their views, but as I can see it, this kind of activity is of great importance for one s physical health, which is exactly the element applying for all aspects of human life, as can be seen in the following paragraphs. 一個人可以從體育運動中獲得什么？

25、人們的看法可能各有差異，但是在我看來，這種活動對于身體健康大有好處，這恰恰是適用于人類生活方方面面的要素，如下段所示。 Theres no denying that the influence of doing sports is essentially beneficial, particularly for ones solid physical health. For one thing, working hard to make both ends meet, many people spend much time on their jobs. For another thing, t

26、hey often stay up late until the midnight, with their daily life totally upside down.As a result, it is indispensable for them to participate in some sports activitiesfor the improvement of their physical conditions. For example, jogging and swimmingcan relieve their pressure, a solution for many su

27、b-health problems. In this way,physical activities bring an ideal physical condition to most people, accompaniedwith great improvement of efficiency.體育運動的影響從本質上是積極的，尤其是針對人們的身體健康而言。很多人為了收支相抵，不得不努力工作，并為此占用大量時間和精力。另一方面，他們不得不熬夜很晚，日常生活經常完全顛倒。因此參加體育活動，改進健康狀況就是不可避免的。例如，慢跑和游泳可以緩解壓力，解決很多亞健康問題。這種情況 育活動為多數人帶來理

28、想的健康狀況，同時伴隨著效率的改進。 Sports activities might take up some leisure time, and it means that many people might reduce their working hours to earn money. But it is worthwhile for most people to do some exercises, because physical health cannot be measured by monetary reward. Without healthy conditions, it

29、 is totally unrealistic to work properly, let alone increase personal income. 體育活動也許會占用一些業(yè)余時間，同時意味著很多人可能壓縮掙錢的工作小時數。但是對于很多人而言，進行體育運動依然是值得的，因為身體健康不能用金錢回報衡量，沒有健康的狀況，正常工作是不現實的，更不用提增加個人收入。 To sum up, it brings people good health to do physical exercises. This conclusion sounds traditional, but applies to

30、 all aspects of peoples lives. 總之，進行體育鍛煉為人們帶來了良好的健康狀態(tài)。這種結論聽起來傳統(tǒng)，但是適用于人類生活的方方面面。 健康話題的精彩亮點句型： 1. In this way, it is possible for them to have some sub-health symptoms such as headache, dizziness and dim eyesight 亞健康、頭疼、視力下降 2. Due to work pressure, many people reach their physical limit, thus encount

31、er sudden physical and mental collapse, or more worse, sudden death（接近生理極限、出現亞健康、突然、猝死) 3. In this issue, a healthy and balanced life style is needed. Apart from sticking on line, we can take part in many sports activities such as jogging, swimming and playing basket ball.需要維持健康平衡的生活 4. These activi

32、ties give people a lot of fun and a kind of pastime：這些活動給 人們帶來樂趣和消遣。 5. improve mental health（保持健康） 6. relieve their pressure from intense social competition（減壓） 7. Under no circumstances shall we think that Internet can solve our practical problems. It is important that netizens give up their bad h

33、abits, otherwise how could it possible that they return to their studies or have face-to-face interaction with others?（網絡不萬能，消除壞習慣，保持傳統(tǒng)的溝通方式） 8. It is noted that youngsters form a good habit, or they will live a double life. Self-adjustment is also needed, which bring them back to a normal living pa

34、ttern. In this way, they can keep a balance between the virtual world and the real one （養(yǎng)成好習慣，學會自控，保持平衡。）換寫話題： 復習基礎段的作文：Should children play on-line games? 話題 3：網絡： Comment on the Development of Internet. （北京大學考題） Currently, a discussion is taking place in the general public, that is, how to comment

35、 on the development of Internet. Some social researchers hold the opinion that its influence is essentially beneficial, though not without side effects. Personally, I think this remark is justified, as can be seen in the following paragraphs. 近來在公眾中出現了一種討論，即如何評價互聯(lián)網的發(fā)展？有些社會研究者指出，其影響本質來說是有益的，但是也并非沒有副作

36、用。我同意這種說法。 Nowadays, Internet plays a key role in almost every aspect of human life. For one thing, thanks to its invention, net users can enjoy great convenience and efficiency, especially in the process of shopping, job application or information collection. For another thing, these people can cha

37、t with their friends via E-mails,message service and blogs, three most important functions of Internet. As a result,with a wealth of up-to-date information obtained, person-to-person communicationcan be greatly improved. The conclusion is that Internet strengthens human interaction, reducing the geo

38、graphical and psychological distance among people in different regions. 因特網在人類生活的各個方面都起到重要作用，一方面，由于此項發(fā)明，網民們在購物、求職和信息搜集時享有大量便利和效率。另一方面，人們可以通過因特網的三大功能有效溝通， 即電子信箱、信息服務和博客。因此，伴隨著大量信息的獲得，人機互動得以促進， 其結論是因特網增強了人機互動，縮短了不同地區(qū)間人民在地理上和心理上的距離感。 Some readers might point out that there exist some problems during th

39、e development of Internet. Such a remark does contain an element of truth: One of them is an invasion of privacy: it is possible that net users leak their personal information such as their telephone numbers, on-line account numbers and their passwords. In this way, it is likely that they fall prey

40、to financial fraud and deceptive activities. Even though such situations are less common, they do exist in the development of Internet. 在因特網的發(fā)展中也存在一些問題。其中之一是隱私泄露，網民很有可能將自己的個人信息泄露出去，如電話號碼、網上賬戶以及。這種情況下，他們就很容易成為詐騙和欺 騙活動的受害者。即使這種情況不是很常見，但是它們在因特網的發(fā)展中的確存在。 To sum up, despite some side-effects, the influen

41、ce of Internet is far reaching and positive. It solves many practical problems for many citizens, hence an indispensable part in the social life of human beings. This statement might be traditional, but it turns out to be realistic and rational in current social setting. 總之，盡管有一些問題，因特網的發(fā)展本質上是深遠的而積極的

42、。它解決市民們的實際問題，并因此成為人類社會生活不可缺少的一個部分。這種說法有些傳統(tǒng)，但是卻是現實而理性的。 網絡話題的亮點句1. they have an easy access to MSN, QQ, microblogs, Wi-Fi as well as WeChat 接觸到 MSN, QQ，微博、無線網和微信 2. The information source thus becomes increasingly direct, open and easy. 3. not only exchange their personal ideas, but also lift the maj

43、or barriers(Mutual understanding can be improved, along with an enlarged friend circle and extensive information sources 4. Internet is built on shared values: It is the glue that keeps a society together 因特網像膠水一樣，把整個社會粘接在一起 5. But to acknowledge only the positive influence would be short sighted. T

44、he other side is that youngsters become increasingly alienated, and then adopted an attitude of indifference towards their classmates, friends or even parents 疏遠、日益冷漠 6. In this situation, some psychological problems would probably arise 出現心理問題 7. A feeling of being isolated become increasingly stro

45、ng 隔離感強烈 8. Indulged in a virtual world, these youngsters become solitary, and their relationship with other family members is more or less weakened.家庭關系淡漠 9. Convenience is what we gain from all of this technology, but a personal touch is one of the things we lose.便利是我們從這種技術中得到的，而人際接觸卻是我們所失去的 10. I

46、nteraction with other people is still important: no one want to end up in his home, living solely a virtual world. 互動依然是重要的，沒有人愿意宅在家里， 生活在虛擬世界中。 11. After all, an on-line message to our friends is a symbol of convenience, but it need not replace communication. We might be overwhelmed with these new

47、gadgets, but as time goes on, we will return to real and personal interaction as well. In this sense, traditional means of communication will not vanish from our social life.發(fā)給朋友的信息也許是便利的標志，但是不能替代溝通。我們也許會 個含義上，傳統(tǒng)溝通方式不會從我們的社會生活中消失。 被這些新的技術工具淹沒，但是隨著時間的推移，我們仍會回歸真正的人際互動。從這 參考題目： 1. Write an essay about

48、200 words on the topic: China is not ready for E-education. （人民大學考題） 2. On-line Sharing Culture（2008 年考題：傳媒大學） 3. Suppose youve read an essay that states: Computer is playing an increasingly important role in education so that some scholars get the idea that there will be no need for schools someday

49、 Please write an article on the topic: Will Computer Replace Schools?（武漢大學） 話題 4：教育和擇業(yè)話題教育話題 Education is primarily a personal matter, it has little to do with school or college.(國防大學) Is education simply a personal matter? People might vary in their views, but as I can see it, schools seem to play

50、a more important role, as can be seen in the following paragraphs. 教育僅僅是個人的事情嗎？人們在這個問題上的看法也許有差異，但是在我看來，學校似乎起到了更大的作用，如下所示。 The influence of schools and colleges cannot be ignored in ones learning process. For one thing, they are the places where teachers provide theoretical knowledge for many people

51、without proper education. For another thing, colleges are higher academic institution where a learner to receive systematic training, particularly in the field of medical science, law studies and engineering. As a result, without educational system, individual qualities cannot be tremendously improv

52、ed on the basis of self-study, let alone acquire professional knowledge. To conclude, education is closely related to schools and colleges, rather than rely on individual efforts.在學習的過程中，學校的作用是不能忽視的。一方面,它們一種理想的場所，教師可以為沒有受過教育的人們提供理論知識，另一方面，大學是高等學術機構，學習者可以在這里接受系統(tǒng)訓練，尤其是醫(yī)學、法學和工程學。因此，沒有教育體系，僅憑借個人自學，總體素質難

53、以提高，更不用說強化學習能力。教育與學校緊密相連，而并非只依靠個人努力。 Some readers might point out that diligence and devotion cannot be ignored in ones learning. Without active participation, it would be difficult to achieve academic success. This statement does contain an element of truth: But it seems to ignore the other side of

54、 the issue, that is, some knowledge is highly professional, beyond the reach of personal efforts. Without formal education and extensive training, it is barely impossible to achieve academic achievement by simply independent learning. 有些讀者可能指出，勤奮和投入在學習中不能被忽略，沒有積極參與，很難取得學業(yè)的成功。這種說法的確有一定道理，但是忽略問題的另一方面，

55、有些知識高度職業(yè)化，遠非個人努力所及。沒有正規(guī)教育和廣泛訓練，只靠獨立學習，幾乎無法取得學習上的成功。 To sum up, despite individual efforts, the influence of schools and colleges is far reaching, especially in an age calling for professionalism and expertise. There exist some possibilities that a man achieve himself by learning without schools. But

56、 I would say that this phenomenon is less common in the modern society. This conclusion is rational, though sounds traditional and conservative. 總之，盡管不排除個人努力，在呼喚著職業(yè)精神和專業(yè)知識的時代，學校和大學的影響更深遠。也許存在一些可能性，一個人在沒有學校的情況下自學成才，但是我不得不承認， 這種顯現在當代社會不太普遍。這種結論是理性的，盡管聽起來有些傳統(tǒng)和保守。 1. acquire solid theoretical knowledge

57、得到理論知識 2. foster independent thinking, analyzing skills and problem solving abilities 培養(yǎng)獨立思考、分析能力和解決問題的能力 教育體裁的亮點句： improve overall qualities 增強總體素質With a college certificate, one can become more competitive in the market 有l(wèi)earn practical skills and professional knowledge 學會使用技能和職業(yè)知識 3. 4. 5. 了大學畢業(yè)證書，在市場上變得更有競爭力 6.obtain