1、現(xiàn)在分詞,朗讀下列詞組或句子，判斷劃線部分做什么句子 成分？做該成分的是什么詞？ 1) coming week 2) The girl standing there is my sister. 3) The news is shocking. 4) Soon they could see the steam rising from the wet clothes. 5) Working hard, you will succeed.,定語,定語,表語,賓語補足語,狀語,單個分詞作定語時，通常放在所修飾的名詞之_。表示現(xiàn)在分詞的動作_進行，分詞和所修飾的名詞是邏輯上的_關(guān)系。,a sleepin

2、g baby a dancing girl,正在,前,1 現(xiàn)在分詞作定語：,主動,= A baby who is sleeping,= A girl who is dancing,現(xiàn)在分詞作定語時，一般可轉(zhuǎn)換為定語從句。,The girl reading there is my sister. His brother, working as a doctor, lives in Beijing.,分詞短語作定語時，放在所修飾的名詞之_。所修飾的名詞是現(xiàn)在分詞的_主語，分詞和邏輯主語之間是_關(guān)系。此時相當于一個_從句。,后,邏輯,主動,定語,= The girl who is reading t

3、here is my sister.,= His brother, who works as a doctor lives in Beijing.,The girl reading there is my sister.,His brother, working as a doctor, lives in Beijing.,現(xiàn)在分詞作定語，要注意現(xiàn)在分詞所表示的動作發(fā)生的時間。 一般說來，主要有下列兩種情況： 1）表示正在進行的動作（變?yōu)槎ㄕZ從句時要用進行時態(tài)）。例如： Did you see the girl dancing with your brother. Did you see th

4、e girl who is dancing with your brother. The comrades working in the countryside will be back tomorrow. The comrades who are working in the countryside will be back tomorrow.,2) 表示經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性動作或現(xiàn)在（當時）的狀態(tài)（變?yōu)槎ㄕZ從句時多用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)或一般過去時態(tài)）。 We lived in a room facing the south. We lived in a room which/that faced th

5、e south. The factory making these pens is a small one. The factory which/that makes these pens is a small one.,1. 在空中飛舞的樹葉 2. 一個行人 3. 一張笑臉 4. 中國是一個發(fā)展中國家。 _,Translation:,_ _ _,a walking man,falling leaves,China is a developing country.,a smiling face,完成句子。,1.有人在校門口等你。 Theres someone _ _ you at the sc

6、hool gate.,waiting for,2.他們住在一間面向大街的房子。 They live in a house _ the street.,facing,句型轉(zhuǎn)換。,2. The wallet which is lying on the ground is mine.,Two days later I received a letter _.,1. The people who are sitting beside us are all teachers.,3. Two days later I received a letter which offered me the job.,

7、The people _ are all teachers.,The wallet _ is mine.,offering me the job,sitting beside us,lying on the ground,The news is shocking. The book is very interesting.,2. 現(xiàn)在分詞作表語。,表示主語的某種性質(zhì)和特征，相當于_詞，通常修飾_，譯為“_”。,形容,物,令人的,常作表語的現(xiàn)在分詞有: surprising, astonishing, amazing, shocking, interesting, amusing, entert

8、aining, tiring, boring, disturbing, moving, touching, encouraging, inspiring, confusing, disappointing 等。,I heard Tom singing in his room.,賓,賓補,主,謂,3. 現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補。,_是現(xiàn)在分詞的邏輯主語。分詞和邏輯主語之間是_關(guān)系，而且表示動作_。它主要用于兩類動詞后。,邏輯主語,賓語,主動,正在進行,1) I saw him crossing the street. 2) The teacher caught him cheating in the ex

9、am. 3) I heard Tom singing in his room. 4) Can you smell anything burning? 5) I felt the house shaking.,第一類動詞：_動詞(表示感覺和心理狀態(tài)的動詞)，常見的有：,記憶的方法：V + sb. doing sth. e.g. see sb. doing sth. “看見某人正在做某事”,感官,see, watch, look at, notice, observe, find, catch; hear, listen to; smell; feel,1) The boss had the wo

10、rkers working the whole night. 2) You shouldnt keep your lights burning in the day. 3) The stone was too heavy to move, so I left it lying on the ground.,第二類動詞：_動詞(表示指使意義的動詞)，常見的有：,使役,記憶的方法：V + sb. doing sth. e.g. have sb. doing sth. “使/讓某人一直做某事”,have, keep, leave, ,I saw a little girl _ in the stre

11、et yesterday.,Translation:,crying,You shouldnt keep them _.,waiting,1.昨天，我在街上看到一個小女孩在哭。,2.你千萬別讓他們等。,4現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語。 現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語時，可作時間、條件、結(jié)果、原因和伴隨狀語，表示正在進行的或主動的動作。 注意: 作時間、條件、原因、讓步狀語時一般位于句首， 且與后面用逗號隔開，能轉(zhuǎn)換為一個相應(yīng)的狀語從句; 而作結(jié)果、方式、伴隨狀語時一般位于句尾。 分詞作狀語時，它的邏輯主語（即分詞動作的發(fā)出者）一般要與句中的主語保持一致這個是重點,是考試和高考的常考點,大家必須記住,）現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語,表時間。

12、 可以轉(zhuǎn)化為一個由when/ while等引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句。 eg. Walking in the street, I saw him. = When/While I was walking in the street, I saw him. 當我在街上走時，我看到他了 當要表達正在進行的動作時我們可以在分詞前面加上whenwhile，那么上面的例句就可以改寫為When/While walking in the street, I saw him.（其實有的時候也可以理解為時間狀語從句中的省略但是，不是時時成立的）,）現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語，表原因。可以轉(zhuǎn)化為一個由as, because等引導(dǎo)的原因

13、狀語從句。 e.g. Being ill, she stayed at home. = As she was ill, she stayed at home. 3）現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語，表條件?？梢赞D(zhuǎn)化為一個由if/unless等引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句。 e.g. Working hard, you will succeed. = If you work hard, you will succeed.,）現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語，表讓步?？梢赞D(zhuǎn)化為一個由though/although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句. e.g. Having failed many times, he didnt lose heart. =Th

14、ough he had failed many times, he didnt lose heart. ）現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語，表結(jié)果, 可以轉(zhuǎn)化為一個并列句 e.g. His friend died, leaving Tom a lot of money. = His friend died, and he left Tom a lot of money.,）現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語，表方式。 e.g. Please answer the question using another way. ）現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語，表伴隨。可以轉(zhuǎn)化為一個并列句 e.g. He sat there reading a newsp

15、aper. He sat there and he was reading a newspaper. 注意：分詞在句子中作狀語，使用何種分詞，要取決于分詞與句子主語的關(guān)系：主謂關(guān)系用現(xiàn)在分詞，動賓或被動關(guān)系用過去分詞。 .,現(xiàn)在分詞（The Present Participle） 一. 現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成:doing 二、現(xiàn)在分詞的兩個基本特點。 在時間上表示動作正在進行。 例如： a developing country. 一個發(fā)展中的國 boiling water 沸水 the rising sun 冉冉升起的太陽。 (試比較： a developed country 一個發(fā)達國家， boile

16、d water 開水，the risen sun 升起的太陽),2. 在語態(tài)上表示主動。 例如： the ruling class 統(tǒng)治階級 the exploiting class 剝削階級。 （試比較： the ruled class 被統(tǒng)治階級， the exploited class 被剝削階級）,三、現(xiàn)在分詞的語法功能 1) coming week 2）running water 3) a sleeping child 4) flying fish 5) working people 6) a running boy= A boy who is running 7) The girl

17、 standing there is my sister.,現(xiàn)在分詞作定語 單個分詞作定語時放在所修飾名詞之前，而分詞短語作定語時放在所修飾名詞之后，并且被修飾的名詞與現(xiàn)在分詞之間在邏輯上存在著主謂關(guān)系。現(xiàn)在分詞作定語時，一般可轉(zhuǎn)換為定語從句。,現(xiàn)在分詞作定語，要注意現(xiàn)在分詞所表示的動作發(fā)生的時間。 一般說來，主要有下列兩種情況： 1）表示正在進行的動作（變?yōu)槎ㄕZ從句時要用進行時態(tài)）。例如： Did you see the girl dancing with your brother Did you see the girl who is dancing with your brother.,

18、The comrades working in the countryside will be back tomorrow. The comrades who are working in the countryside will be back tomorrow. 2) 表示經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性動作或現(xiàn)在（當時）的狀態(tài)（變?yōu)槎ㄕZ從句時多用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)或一般過去時態(tài)）。 We lived in a room facing the south. We lived in a room which/that faced the south. The factory making these pens is

19、 a small one. The factory which/that makes these pens is a small one.,其他情況一般不宜用現(xiàn)在分詞短語作定語。下列句子中的定語從句都不宜換為分詞短語。如： 1) The man who came this morning is his father. 2) The students who have handed in their exercise-books can go home now. 3) Is there anyone who can drive a car?,注意：分詞的完成式不可作定語 注意：在messagel

20、ettersignnewsnotice等詞后要用現(xiàn)在分詞作定語，不用過去分詞，這是考試的易錯點。 注意：某些現(xiàn)在分詞作定語時已不再表示動作，已經(jīng)從分詞變?yōu)榱诵稳菰~詞性 eg. an interesting story an exciting match這些也可以屬于現(xiàn)在分詞作定語，但是不能轉(zhuǎn)化為相應(yīng)的定語從句，但是可以有三級變化（原級比較級最高級）和被某些副詞如very修飾。,2. 現(xiàn)在分詞作表語 現(xiàn)在分詞作表語表示主語的性質(zhì)、特征。 例：1) The story is interesting. 2) The news is disappointing. ?，F(xiàn)在分詞作表語，常見的有：excit

21、ing , interesting, disappointing, discouraging, encouraging, puzzling, missing, surprising, confusing, amusing. charming, astonishing, shocking, inviting等。這些現(xiàn)在分詞幾乎變成形容詞，?？捎胿ery 來修飾，常譯作“令人的”， 而且主語多為物。 分詞作表語通?？醋餍稳菰~來用。,現(xiàn)在分詞作表語表示主語的性質(zhì)，主語多為物；過去分詞作表語表示主語的感受或狀態(tài)，主語多為人。 例如: 1） The film “Pearl Harbor” is real

22、ly exciting. I am excited about it. 2） His response to the question was quite disappointing. I felt disappointed at his response.,3. 現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補足語 賓語與賓補之間在邏輯上存在著主謂關(guān)系(即賓語是現(xiàn)在分詞動作的發(fā)出/執(zhí)行者),且表示動作正在進行。 現(xiàn)在分詞常用在下列動詞后面作賓語補足語 感官動詞：seehearwatchfeelnoticeobservekeepfindlisten tolook at 使役動詞：have, get, make, let等例如

23、： 1) Soon they could see the steam rising from the wet clothes. 2) They found the missing boys playing near the river. 3) I saw him dancing now. 4) Dont have the students studying all day.,4現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語時，可作時間、條件、結(jié)果、原因和伴隨狀語，表示正在進行的或主動的動作。 注意: 作時間、條件、原因、讓步狀語時要位于句首， 且與后面用逗號隔開，能轉(zhuǎn)換為一個相應(yīng)的狀語從句; 作結(jié)果、方式、伴隨狀語時要一般位

24、于句尾。 分詞作狀語時的邏輯主語（即分詞動作的發(fā)出者）一般要與句中主語保持一致這個是重點,是考試和高考的常考點,大家必須記住,）現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語,表時間。 可以轉(zhuǎn)化為一個由when/ while/as/ after/before/till/until等引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句。 eg. Walking in the street, I saw him. = When/While (I was) walking in the street, I saw him. 當我在街上走時，我看到他了 當要表達正在進行的動作時我們可以在分詞前面加上whenwhile，那么上面的例句就可以改寫為When/While

25、walking in the street, I saw him.（其實有的時候也可以理解為時間狀語從句中的省略但是，不是時時成立的）,）現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語，表原因?？梢赞D(zhuǎn)化為一個由as, because等引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句。 e.g. Being ill, she stayed at home. = As she was ill, she stayed at home. 3）現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語，表條件。可以轉(zhuǎn)化為一個由if/unless等引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句。 e.g. Working hard, you will succeed. = If you work hard, you will succe

26、ed.,）現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語，表讓步?？梢赞D(zhuǎn)化為一個由though/although/as/while等引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句. e.g. Having failed many times, he didnt lose heart. =Though he had failed many times, he didnt lose heart. ）現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語，表結(jié)果, 可以轉(zhuǎn)化為一個并列句 e.g. His friend died, leaving him a lot of money. = His friend died, and left him a lot of money.,）現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語，

27、表方式。 e.g. Please answer the question using another way. ）現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語，表伴隨?？梢赞D(zhuǎn)化為一個并列句 e.g. He sat there, singing. He sat there and they sang.,1)_ ( hear) the good news, he jumped with joy. 2) _ (walk) in the street, I saw a friend of mine. 3) He sat at the table_ (read) China Daily. 4) _ （laugh）and _ (tal

28、k), they went into the room. 5) Please fill in this form, _ (give) your name, address, etc.,Hearing,Walking,reading,Laughing,talking,giving,6) _ ( see) from the top of the hill, the park looks very beautiful. 7) Once _ (publish), this dictionary will be very popular. 8) _ ( give ) more time, we coul

29、d do it much better. 9) _ ( pay) more attention, the child will be happier. 10) _ (choke) by heavy smoke, he could hardly breathe. .,Seen,published,Given,Paid,Choked,二.現(xiàn)在分詞的時態(tài)與語態(tài) 現(xiàn)在分詞的主動語態(tài)分為一般式（ doing）和完成式 （having done） 1. 現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式（ doing） 一般式所表示的動作與謂語動詞所表示的動作一般同時進行。如： 1) He hurried home, looking be

30、hind from time to time。 2) They went into the classroom, talking and laughing. 3) He sat there, reading the newspaper.,2. 現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式 （having done） 完成式所表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞所表示的動作之前。如： 1）Having lit a candle, she went out. 2）Having heard this, the woman astronaut expressed her satisfaction. 3) Having finished th

31、eir work, they had a rest.,現(xiàn)在分詞的語態(tài)： 現(xiàn)在分詞的被動語態(tài)也分為一般式（being done）和完成式(havingbeendone)兩種。 1. 現(xiàn)在分詞被動式的一般式（being done） 一般式表示一個被動動作正在進行或與謂語動詞表示的動作同時進行。（一般式多用作定語）如： 1) That building being repaired is our dormitory. 2) The large building being built will be a hospital. 3) I often watched the trucks being lo

32、aded with coal. 我常?？纯ㄜ囇b煤 4) Being asked to put on a performance, she refused. 有人邀請她表演一個節(jié)目，她拒絕了。,2. 現(xiàn)在分詞被動式的完成式(having beendone) 現(xiàn)在分詞被動式的完成式表示一個被動動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前。如： 1) Having been shown the labs, we were taken to see the library. 2) Having been asked to stay, I couldnt very well leave. 人家請我留下，我就不好離開了。 3)

33、 Having been given such a good chance, how could you let it slip away? 人家給了你這樣一個好機會，你怎么能輕易放過？,過去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞完成被動式的區(qū)別： 1. 及物動詞的過去分詞沒有完成式，它有“完成”和“被動”的含義，但卻沒有強調(diào)該動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞前。它有時可以用現(xiàn)在分詞完成被動式去替換。 eg: The bridge had been weakened by successive storms and was no longer safe .= Weakened by successive storms, the b

34、ridge was no longer safe. = Having been weakened by successive storms, the bridge was no longer safe. 這座橋接二連三地遭到暴風(fēng)雨的襲擊后，己經(jīng)不安全了。,2.現(xiàn)在分詞完成被動式：強調(diào)分詞表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前。（強調(diào)動作發(fā)生在先） eg: Having been warned about the bandits, he left his valuables at home。 當警告有強盜出沒時，他就把貴重物品留在家里。,_ (tell) many times, he still coul

35、dnt understand. _ (give) a satisfactory operation, the patient recovered from illness very quickly. 3) _ (give) a satisfactory operation, the doctor believed the patient would recover from his illness very soon.,Having been told,Having been given,Having given,3. 通常過去分詞可作定語使用，而現(xiàn)在分詞完成被動式卻不能用作定語。 eg:1)

36、 The computer centre, opened last year， is very popular among the students in this school. (MET 93) 去年開辦的計算機中心很受學(xué)生的歡迎。 (過去分詞既能表示被動又有完成的含義),2) The first textbooks written for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. (NMET94) 作為外語的英語教科書早在十六世紀就已經(jīng)出版了。 3) Most of the artists i

37、nvited to the party were from south America (MET 90) 應(yīng)邀參加舞會的大多數(shù)藝術(shù)家都來自南美。 4. 過去分詞可以用“連詞過去分詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語，其實質(zhì)就是狀語從句的省略，而現(xiàn)在分詞的完成被動式卻不能這樣用。 eg: 1) Once seen, it can never be forgotten. 目睹一眼，終生難忘。,2) If bitten by a snake, you should send for help and dont walk 要是你被蛇咬了，你應(yīng)當向別人求助而不要走。 3) When shot in the leg, he

38、continued to fire back with his gun. 雖腿部己遭槍擊，他人仍然繼續(xù)開槍還擊。 4) The room, although supposed to be kept locked, was often left open. 通常以為是鎖著的那個房間，其實經(jīng)常敞開著。,現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞的區(qū)別： 一、現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞主要的區(qū)別表現(xiàn)在時態(tài)和時間關(guān)系上。 1. 在時間上：現(xiàn)在分詞表示動作正在進行，而過去分詞所表示的動作往往已經(jīng)完成。例如： a developing country. 一個發(fā)展中的國家， boiling water 沸水， the rising sun

39、 冉冉升起的太陽。 而過去分詞所表示的動作往往已經(jīng)完成。例： developed country 一個發(fā)達國家， boiled water 開水， the risen sun 升起的太陽）,2. 在語態(tài)上: 現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動。例如： the ruling class 統(tǒng)治階級， the exploiting class 剝削階級。 而過去分詞則表示被動。例： the ruled class 被統(tǒng)治階級 the exploited class 被剝削階級,ThankYou!,）作時間狀語, 可以轉(zhuǎn)化為一個時間狀語從句。 eg. Walking in the street, I saw him.

40、= When/While I was walking in the street, I saw him. 當我在街上走時，我看到他了 當要表達正在進行的動作時我們可以在分詞前面加上whenwhile，那么上面的例句就可以改寫為When/While walking in the street, I saw him.（其實有的時候也可以理解為時間狀語從句中的省略但是，不是時時成立的） Walking in the street, I saw him. 翻譯成”當我在街上走時，我看到他了”而不可以翻譯為”當他在街上走時，他看到我了” （這個是因為”分詞作狀語時其邏輯主語一般要與句中主語保持一致”）,

41、但翻譯“當他在街上走時，我看到他了”應(yīng)該翻譯成When/While he was walking in the street, I saw him. 在這里在告訴大家另外的一個方法 He walking in the street, I saw him. 這是分詞的獨立主格形式,）現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語，表方式。 e.g. Please answer the question using another way. ）現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語，表伴隨。可以轉(zhuǎn)化為一個并列句 e.g. He sat there, singing. He sat there and they sang. 注意：分詞在句子中作狀語，使用

42、何種分詞，要取決于分詞與句子主語的關(guān)系：如果是主謂關(guān)系用現(xiàn)在分詞，如果是動賓或被動關(guān)系用過去分詞。 .,1. When he approached Ms Smith, he touched her shoulder and kissed her. _ _ Ms Smith, he touched her shoulder and kissed her.,Rewrite the following sentences.,When,approaching,2. The person who is translating the songs can speak seven languages. The person _ _ _ can speak seven languages.,translating,the,songs,3. The boy standing there is reading a book about body language. The boy _ _ _ there is reading a book about body language.,who,is,standing,4. Because he comes