1、主從復(fù)合句,名詞性從句 定語從句 狀語從句,復(fù)合句的種類,主語從句 賓語從句 表語從句 同位語從句,時間狀語從句,地點狀語從句,原因狀語從句,目的狀語從句,結(jié)果狀語從句,條件狀語從句,讓步狀語從句,比較狀語從句,方式狀語從句,構(gòu)成從句的三大核心要素,連接詞,語序,時態(tài),陳述性,一致性（兼顧主句時態(tài)）,唯一性（重點）,名詞性從句的連接詞,名詞性從句包括主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。其關(guān)聯(lián)詞有連詞 that, if, whether；連接代詞 what, who, which等和 連接副詞 when, where, why, how等。,名詞性從句類型判斷,V（謂語動詞）,主語從句,V

2、（謂語動詞）,賓語從句,L.V（聯(lián)系動詞）,表語從句,N（名詞）,同位語從句,定語語從句,為保持句子平衡， that 引導(dǎo)主語從句時，常用it作形式主語而把真正的主語從句后置。主要有以下幾種情況：, It is +n. ( a pity / a shame / a fact / no wonder ,etc )+ that-clause It is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. It is no wonder that he is not hungry; he has been eatin

3、g sweets all day. It is +adj. ( certain / likely / probable / true , etc.) + that-clause It is probable that he told her everything. It is true that the scientist will give us a lecture next week., It is +p.p. (said / reported /believed ,etc. )+that-clause It is reported that China has sent another

4、man-made satellite into orbit. It +v. (seems / happened, etc. )+that-clause It seems that Alice is not coming to the party at all. It happened that I was out that day. 其他情況: It doesnt matter whether he will come or not. It makes no difference where we had the meeting. It suddenly occurred to me that

5、 she had forgotten to lock the door.,1.You know that I am a teacher of English. 2. That I am a teacher of English is known to you all . 3. It is known to you all that I am a teacher of English. 4. The fact that I am a teacher of English is known to you all. 5. I am worried about whether you can do w

6、ell in the exam. 6. What I am worried about is whether you can do well in the exam.,that I am a teacher of English,That I am a teacher of English,that I am a teacher of English,whether you can do well in the exam.,Object Clause,Subject Clause,Subject Clause,Predicative Clause,Appositive Clause,that

7、I am a teacher of English,whether you can do well in the exam.,Object Clause,判斷下列從句的類型,Subject Clause,What I am worried about,1. 1989 These photographs will show you . A. what does our village look like B. what our village looks like C. how does our village look like D. how our village looks like 2.

8、 1992Word has come some American guests will come for a visit to our school next week. what B. that C. whether D. when 3. 2004全國卷I I like _ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright. A. this B. that C. it D. one,名詞性從句高考題賞析,4. 1995 is a fact that English is being accepted as an international

9、 language A.There B. This C. That D. It 5. 1996 we cant get seems better than we have. 6. 1999 I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week. Is that you had a few days off? A. why B. when C. what D. where 7. 04湖南卷I think Father would like to know_Ive been up to so far, so I decide to send him a quic

10、k note. A. which B. why C. what D. how,What , what B. What, that C. That ,that D. That , what,8.2001 A computer can only do _ you have instructed it to do. A. how B. after C. what D. when 9.2004全國卷IYou are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is _ I disagree. 10. 2005浙江卷Danby left word wit

11、h my secretary _ he would call again in the afternoon. A. who B. that C. as D. which 11. 04天津卷A modern city has been set up in_ was a wasteland ten years ago. A. what B. which C. that D. where 12. 04上海卷 After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth,_our astronauts desire to do is walk in space. A

12、. where B. what C. that D. how,why B. where C. what D. how,定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞,定語從句只用that不用which的幾種情況,that指物時一般可以和which換用，但在下列幾種情況下只用that不用which： 先行詞為all, anything, everything, nothing, something等；如: We are ready to do something that is of some help to others. 先行詞被all, only, no, some, any, every, each, few, li

13、ttle等修飾時；如： I have read all the books (that) you gave me. 先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級等修飾時；如： The first lesson (that) Mr Green gave us will never be forgotten.,如果有兩個或兩個以上分別表示人和物的先行詞時；如： We know nothing about the doctors and hospitals (that) you are talking about. 當(dāng)主句是以who或which開頭的疑問句時;如 Who is that boy that was h

14、ere just now? 當(dāng)引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作表語時。如； China isnt the country that it used to be.,定語從句不能使用that的情況,定語從句中介詞置于關(guān)系代詞之前時，指人用whom，指物用which。如： Do you know the man to whom he is speaking? This is the house in which I lived last year. 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句不能用that。如： Mr Smith has two sons, both of whom worked abroad. Beijing , wh

15、ich is the capital of our country, has changed a lot . They arrived at a farm house, in front of which sat a boy of seventeen.,注意：如何判斷介詞,The girl _ which he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him. He is the man _ whom I think you can depend .,1、看定語從句中動詞與介詞的搭配,for,on,2、看定語從句中形容詞與介詞

16、的搭配,He referred me to some reference books _ which I am not very familiar. Dolphins might be trained to cooperate with fishermen and help them by finding or even catching fish, _ all of which activities dolphins are expert.,with,in,3、根據(jù)先行詞判斷，所用的介詞與先行詞 搭配,The rate _ which wild animals are being destr

17、oyed has increased. This is our classroom, _ which there is a teachers desk.,at,in the front of,The committee consists of 20 members, 5 of _ are women. The book contains 50 poems, most of _ were written in 1930s. There are two left, one of _ is almost finished, and the other of _ is not quite. I hav

18、e a sentence, the meaning of _ I dont understand.,whom,which,which,which,which,名詞/代詞/數(shù)詞+ of +which/whom,一.定語從句與同位語從句,1.When ,where,why在定從和同從中的應(yīng)用 1) we havent yet settled the question_we are going to spend our summer vacation on 1st Oct. A.when B.where C.that D.which,2) Ill never forget the day _ I j

19、oined the League. A. when B.that C.in which D. which,3) The reason_he moved to the USA is not clear to me. A.why B.that C.when D.which,4) We havent found out the problem_the computer was out of order. A.why B.that C.which D.whether,5) Is this the reason_at the meeting for his being absent from his w

20、ork? A.why he explained B.he explained C.when he expained D.how he explained,小結(jié):相同點:when,where,why在定從中和同從中均充當(dāng)狀語成分 不同點：when,where,why在定從中有相應(yīng)的先行詞，可表示為介詞關(guān)系代詞；而在同從中無相應(yīng)先行詞，不可表示為介關(guān)系代,That在定從與同從中的區(qū)別 用A:that B:which 填空,1) we all have heard the news_ our team won. 2) we dont believe the news_ he told us yest

21、erday.,A,B/A,3) the police ruled out (排除 ) the possibility _ Justin told them. 4)The police ruled out the possibility_ Jutin was taken away by the aliens. 5) The news_ you told me yesterday was true. 6) The news_ the president will visit our school spread quickly.,B/A,A,B/A,A,用A:that B:which 填空,小結(jié):定

22、語從句與先行詞是修飾關(guān)系,關(guān)系代詞thatwhich在從句中做主,賓，表等成分,從句成分不完整;同位語從句與被解釋詞是解釋說明關(guān)系,連接詞that在句中不作成分,從句成分完整.,二.定從與主從,賓從和表從 1.定從與主從 翻譯:不論誰在公共場所隨意吐痰都該被罰 翻譯:無論他做什么都不會對我有什么影響.,a.Whoever spits in public should be punished.,b.Anyone who spits in public should ,a.Whatever he does makes no difference to me.,b.Anything that he

23、does makes no ,小結(jié):whoever=anyone who; whatever=anything that 判斷正誤: a.Who breaks the law will be punished b.Whoever breaks the law will be punished.( c.Who robbed the bank is not clear. d.Whoever robbed the bank is not clear. 小結(jié):時態(tài)與意義判斷.,.(誤),正),(正),(誤),1）As is known to us all, paper was first made i

24、n China. (定從) 2) It is known to us all that paper was first made in China.（主從） 3) What is known to us all is that paper was first made in China.（表從） 4) We all know that paper was first made in China.（賓從）,小結(jié):定語從句與主賓表從句在特定情況下可以表示相同的意思。,填空： 1) He told us all _ had happened 10 years ago. A. that B. what

25、 C. which 2)He has told us all _ he experienced abroad. A. which B. what C. how D. when 小結(jié) :what = something that all that = what 練習(xí)： Our hometown is no longer _ she was 20 years ago. A That B. which C. where D. what,2) It seems to us that no reason _ he gave us for his absense is believable. that B

26、. what C. why D. which 3) The art center is _ used to be a factory, _millions of tractors were made. what, where B. where, where C. what, which D. where, which,總結(jié)： 用什么樣的關(guān)系詞或連接詞，均要在從句中分析查找。關(guān)系詞和連接詞存在某種轉(zhuǎn)化關(guān)系： What= all that / something that Whatever= anything that Whoever = anyone who 2. 高考考查的趨勢是多種復(fù)合句的融

27、合，而非單一句法的考查。,3. 定語從句與名詞性從句的本質(zhì)區(qū)別： 定從多存在被修飾的先行詞，且先行詞（或關(guān)系詞）在從句中作成分；名從沒有先行詞，名從中的連接詞除了that 、whether 外，均在從句中作成分。,狀語從句,狀語從句按意義和作用可分為： 時間狀從、地點狀從、原因狀從 目的狀從、結(jié)果狀從、方式狀從、 讓步狀從、條件狀從、比較狀從等九種。 狀語從句放在主句之前常用逗號隔開； 放在主句之后不用逗號。,狀語從句的引導(dǎo)詞,1.時間狀從：,2.地點狀從：,3.原因狀從：,8.讓步狀從,when, as, while, as soon as, while, before, after, si

28、nce , till, until ，the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the instant, immediately , no sooner than, hardly when, scarcely when,where ，wherever, anywhere,everywhere,because, since, as, now that,4.目的狀從：,5.結(jié)果狀從：,6.方式狀從：,狀語從句的引導(dǎo)詞,so that, in order that （for fear that， in the hope that, for the purpose that）,so that, such th