1、虛擬語(yǔ)氣,后退時(shí)態(tài) 類別的虛擬語(yǔ)氣,1.if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句,If + 主 + did(were), 主+would/should/could/might +動(dòng)詞原形,If I were you, I would try it again.,If he were free, he would go with you.,1. 如果我是你，我會(huì)再試一次。,2.如果他有空，他會(huì)與你一起去的。,3.如果我有一百萬(wàn)美元，我會(huì)買下這架飛機(jī)。,If I had one million dollars, I would buy the plane.,與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的虛擬條件句,If +主 +had done

2、sth, 主+would/should/could/might +動(dòng)詞完成式（have done）,If he had worked hard, he would have passed the examination.,1.如果他努力學(xué)的話，他就通過(guò)這次考試。,If he had been there, he could have seen the film,If I had married her, I would have been unhappy.,3.要是當(dāng)時(shí)我和她結(jié)了婚的話，那我是很不幸的。,2.如果他那時(shí)在那兒的話，他就能看到那部電影了。,與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的虛擬條件句,與將來(lái)事實(shí)相

3、反的虛擬條件句(通常有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)),If he came here tomorrow, I would tell him about it.,If he were to come here tomorrow, I would tell him.,1.如果他明天來(lái)的話,我會(huì)告訴他這件事.,2.如果他明天來(lái)的話,我會(huì)告訴他.,If + 主 + did(were to /should do), 主+would/should/ could/might +動(dòng)詞原形,在含有虛擬條件句的復(fù)合句中，逐句和從句的謂語(yǔ)都要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣?，F(xiàn)將虛擬條件句從句和主句的動(dòng)詞形式列表如下：,條件狀語(yǔ)的倒裝：,如果條件狀語(yǔ)中有w

4、ere, had, should時(shí), 可以倒裝成：Were / Should / Had +主+其他,Were I you, I would try it again.,Had he been there yesterday, he would have seen the film.,Should it snow tomorrow, we wouldnt go out.,If I were you, I would try it again.,If he had been there yesterday, he would have seen the film.,If it should sn

5、ow tomorrow, we wouldnt go out.,If you _tomorrow, you _ find the new manager working in the office.,A. should come; would B. would come; would C. will come; should D. comes; might,A,If the parents _at the hospital earlier after the accident, the child would have been saved.,A. arrives B. arrive C. h

6、ad arrived D. has arrived,C,I didnt see your sister at the meeting. If she _, she would have met my brother.,A. has come B. did come C. came D. had come,D,If my lawyer _here last Sunday, he _ me from going .,A. had been; would have prevented B. had been; would prevent C. were; would prevent D. were;

7、 would have prevented,A,If he _he _that food.,Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.,A. was warned; would not have taken B. had been warned; would not have taken C. would be warned; had not taken D. would have been warned; had not taken,B,If the doctor had come earlier, the poor child _.,A

8、. wouldnt be lying there for two hours B. wouldnt have laid there for two hours C. wouldnt have lied there for two hours D. wouldnt have lain there for two hours,D,If you had told me in advance, I _him at the airport.,A. would meet B. would had meet C. would have met D. would have meet,C,If there we

9、re nor subjunctive mood, English _ much easier.,A. Will be B. would have been C. could have been D. would be,D,_the exam, he would have attend a college.,A. If he passed B. Had he passed C. Were he passed D. If he should pass,B,_five minutes earlier, you could have seen them off.,A. If you should ar

10、rive B. If you arrive C. Had you arrived D. Should you arrive,C,_it rain tomorrow, we should have to put off the visit to the Science Museum.,A. Were B. should C. would D. will,B,2. wish引導(dǎo)的虛擬句,I wish I remembered the address.,我要是記得地址就好了。（真可惜我忘了）,I wish he had not left.,要是他沒有離開這里就好了。（他已離開）,I wish it

11、would rain tomorrow.,要是明天下雨就好了。（說(shuō)話人以預(yù)料明天不會(huì)下雨）,wish + that clause,did/were,had done,would / might /would do,wish后面的賓語(yǔ)從句要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,I dont know him. But I wish I _ him. Beethoven went blind and deaf. We all wish he _ been blind and deaf. People cant fly to the moon even in the future. But human being has a

12、lways wished that they _ fly into the universe one day.,knew,hadnt,could,后退時(shí)態(tài): Wish“但愿，要是多好”,“ Have you visited the Science Museum?” “ No, but I really wish I _.”,A. had B. did C. have D. will,A,I didnt go to the party, but I do wish I _there.,A. was B. were C. had been D. went,C,I wish I _ you yest

13、erday.,A. see B. did see C. had seen D. were to see,C,The picture exhibition bored me to death. I wish I _to it.,A. hadnt gone B. havent gone C. didnt go D. could not have gone,A,How I wish I _that! Everybody present was angry with me.,A. didnt go B. hadnt done C. wouldnt do D. wasnt doing,B,-He is

14、a brave man. -Yes, I wish I _his courage.,A. Have B. had C. will have D. would have,B,Tom can take his car apart and put it back together again. I certainly wish he _me how.,A. teaches B. will teach C. has taught D. would teach,D,How I wish I _such a good chance before.,A. didnt see B. hadnt missed

15、C. met D. have got,B,I wish the rain _stop.,A. will B. would C. may D. can,B,3. would rather 引導(dǎo)的虛擬句,后退時(shí)態(tài)： would rather (寧愿) 后接從句,也可用虛擬,敘述現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)的事情, 從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去式。 如: 現(xiàn)在我寧愿你在這呆著。 我寧愿他明天來(lái)。 2) 敘述過(guò)去的事情時(shí), 從句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。如: 我寧愿他昨天來(lái)過(guò)。,I would rather you stayed here.,I would rather he came tomorrow.,I would rather

16、he had come yesterday.,4.as if / as though引導(dǎo)的虛擬句子,后退時(shí)態(tài) as if / as though 引導(dǎo)的方式狀語(yǔ)從句,He talks as if he had been to the moon.,He talked as if he were Napoleon.,He talked as if he would go to the moon.,When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _.,A. breaks B. has broken C. were brok

17、en D. had been broken,C,The actor is 58 years old. But he acts as if he _ a young man.,A. is B. will be C. am D. were,D,The clouds are getting darker and darker. It looks as if it _rain.,A. is going to B. will C. was going to D. would,A,She sings as if she _a boy.,A. is B. was C. were D. are,C,We fe

18、lt as if we _each other for years.,A. knew B. were knowing C. had known D. have knowing,C,5 if only引導(dǎo)虛擬句子,后退時(shí)態(tài)： if only + 從句 (從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣）,我要是只鳥該多好啊。 要是他昨天來(lái)拜訪我們就好了。 他要是明天能來(lái)就好了。,If only he could come tomorrow.,If only I were a bird.,If only he had visited us yesterday.,1. 在正式文體中, 有時(shí)可以把虛擬條件句中的連詞if省略, 而將we

19、re, had, should等動(dòng)詞提前到主語(yǔ)前面, 形成倒裝。 現(xiàn)在她要是再年輕點(diǎn), 就會(huì)做這件事的。 如果當(dāng)時(shí)他知道她的地址, 他會(huì)去看她的。 如果真發(fā)生這樣的事, 你怎么辦呢？,注意,Were she younger, she would do it.,Had he known her address, he would have gone to visit her.,Should it happen, what would you do?,If I hadnt had your help yesterday, I wouldnt have done it well. If I were

20、 not to see him tomorrow， I wouldnt be happy.,Had I not had your help yesterday, I wouldnt have done it well.,Were I not to see him tomorrow， I wouldnt be happy.,2. If 的條件句可以和with , without, but for 短語(yǔ)互換. What would you do with a million dollars We would not have finished the word on time without yo

21、ur help But for the rain, we would have finished the work,(=if you had a million dollars?),(=if you had not helped us),(=If it had not been for the rain),3. 含蓄條件句:有時(shí)虛擬語(yǔ)氣中不是總出現(xiàn)if條件句,而是通過(guò)其他手段來(lái)代替條件句.,Eg. I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have taken part in the sports meet.,Eg. I would have given y

22、ou more help, but I was too busy at that time.,4. 錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件虛擬語(yǔ)氣： 如果你當(dāng)初聽了醫(yī)生的話，身體現(xiàn)在就好了。 要不是我上學(xué)時(shí)花很多時(shí)間練習(xí)說(shuō)英語(yǔ)，現(xiàn)在我就不可能說(shuō)得這么好。,If you had listened to the doctor, you would be all right now.,If I hadnt spent much time practising speaking English at school, I wouldnt be able to speak it so well now.,If I had allo

23、wed my son to go camping, he would be staying with his friends at the moment.,Practice 1. If Tom had not been badly hurt in a car accident, _last months marathon race. A. she would have taken part in B. she would take part in C. she might take part in D. she must have taken part in,2. What would hav

24、e happened_, as far as the river bank? A. Bob had walked farther B. if Bob should walk farther C. had Bob walked farther D. if Bob walked farther,3. If only I _ as young as you are! A. being B. am C. be D. were 4. If only I _ my watch! A. hadnt lost B. havent lost C. didnt lose D. dont lose,5. _I be

25、 free tomorrow, I could go with you. A. Could B. Should C. Might D. Must 6. If it were not for the fact that you _ ill, I would ask you to do this right now. A. were B. had been C. are D. be,Should 類別的虛擬語(yǔ)氣,suggest, order, demand, propose, command, request, desire, insist, require etc.引導(dǎo)的賓 語(yǔ)從句要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，

26、以(should) + v原的形 式出現(xiàn)。,We all suggest that he ( should ) finish his homework first.,The captain commanded that all the sailors ( should ) get down to work at once.,Its suggested ( ordered, demanded, proposed, commanded, requested, desired, insisted, required ) that 后面的主語(yǔ)從句中要使用 虛擬語(yǔ)氣，也以 ( should )+ v原.

27、的形式出 現(xiàn)。,Its ordered that only German ( should ) be taught at schools in Alsas and Lorin.,Its requested that all the students ( should ) wear school uniforms at school.,以上這些動(dòng)詞的名詞形式后面的表語(yǔ)從句 和同位語(yǔ)從句中也要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，也應(yīng)以 (should) + v原. 的形式出現(xiàn)。,My suggestion is that you ( should ) go home first before coming here.,His request that his cost ( should ) be paid by the hour is completely reasonable.,(1) I suggested that he （should） attend the meeting