1、.一般過(guò)去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)區(qū)別專(zhuān)題與練習(xí)一現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)1. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)是由助動(dòng)詞have (has)+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞 構(gòu)成。助動(dòng)詞說(shuō)明該謂語(yǔ)是屬于現(xiàn)在時(shí)范圍。它和主語(yǔ)的人稱(chēng)、數(shù)要保持一致。過(guò)去分詞是主要的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，說(shuō)明句子的意義。2. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去某時(shí)發(fā)生的行為對(duì)主語(yǔ)目前產(chǎn)生的影響。即用過(guò)去發(fā)生的某個(gè)行為來(lái)說(shuō)明現(xiàn)在的某種情況。We are good friends.現(xiàn)(在的情況）I knew him in 1997.（過(guò)去的動(dòng)作）We have known each other since 1997.（現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)把過(guò)去的動(dòng)作和現(xiàn)在聯(lián)系起來(lái)并著眼于現(xiàn)在）（1）表

2、示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去某個(gè)不確定的時(shí)間，但對(duì)現(xiàn)在留下了某種影響和結(jié)果。常被 just、already、 yet 等副詞修飾。 如：-Have you had lunch yet?-Yes, I have. Ive just had it.你（已經(jīng)）吃午飯了嗎？我剛剛吃過(guò)。（現(xiàn)在我不餓了）（2）表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻開(kāi)始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。這個(gè)動(dòng)作可能剛停止，可能仍然在進(jìn)行。常帶有 for 和 since 等表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)。如： He has taught here since 1981他自 1981 年就在這兒教書(shū)。（可能還要繼續(xù)教）I havent seen her for four ye

3、ars.我有四年沒(méi)見(jiàn)到她了。（3）表示說(shuō)話前發(fā)生過(guò)一次或多次的動(dòng)作，現(xiàn)在成為一種經(jīng)驗(yàn)，一般譯為漢語(yǔ)“過(guò)”，常帶有 twice, ever,.never, three times等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。如： I have been to Beijing twice.我去過(guò)北京二次。3.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)（ 1）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)屬于現(xiàn)在時(shí)范圍，故不能和過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。如： yesterday,last Sunday,in1990,three years ago等。但是，在強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作產(chǎn)生的后果和影響時(shí)，可以和一些表示不確定的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。a. 用副詞 already 和 yet。 already 一般用于肯定句中

4、， yet 一般用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句中。如： We have already finished our homework我.們已完成作業(yè)了。They havent finished their homework yet.他們還沒(méi)有完成作業(yè)。b.用 ever 和 never。多用于否定或疑問(wèn)句中，表示“曾經(jīng) ”或 “從未 ”等。如： -Have you ever been to the Great Wall?你曾經(jīng)去過(guò)長(zhǎng)城嗎？-I have never been to the Great Wall我.從未去過(guò)長(zhǎng)城。c.用表示到說(shuō)話為止的過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，如 just, before, up to no

5、w, the past few years等。例如： I have seen her before, but I can not remember where.我以前見(jiàn)過(guò)她，但記不起在哪里見(jiàn)過(guò)。He has been there three times the last few days.近幾天他去過(guò)那里三次了。d.用包括 “現(xiàn)在 ”在內(nèi)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，如： now, today, this morning (month, year, term)等。例如： -Have you met him today? -No, I havent.今天你見(jiàn)過(guò)他嗎？我沒(méi)有。How many times have

6、you been there this year?今年你去過(guò)那里多少次？（2）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可以和帶有since 或 for 等表示 “一段時(shí)間 ”的狀語(yǔ)連用 ,表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)從某一時(shí)刻開(kāi)始，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。如：I havent seen him for two years.但是，像 come, arrive,.buy 等 止性 不能與表示“一段 ”的狀 用。要用，必 改 “ be（在） ”等延 性 來(lái)表述。 一下由非延 性 到延 性 的 ：arrive be herebegin(start)be ondiebe deadcome back be backleavebe awayfall ill(

7、sick,asleep) be ill(sick,asleep)get up be upgo outbe outfinishbe overput onwear 或 be onopenbe openjoinbe in 或 be a member of closebe closedgo to school be a studentborrowkeepbuyhavecatch(a cold) have(acold)get to know knowbegin to study studycome to work work 等如： He has been a soldier for three year

8、s他.參 三年了。His father has been dead for two years他.父 去世二年了。The film has been on for ten minutes電.影已開(kāi)始十分 了。We have studied English for three years.我 （開(kāi)始）學(xué)英 已三年了。4.幾點(diǎn)注意事 （ 1）have been(to)與 have gone( to)的區(qū) ：have been(to)表示 “去 某地（ 在已 回來(lái)了） ”，可用于各人稱(chēng)； have gone(to)表示 “去某地了（ 某人不在當(dāng)?shù)兀?”，常用于第三人稱(chēng)，前者可與 once ,neve

9、r, several times等 用，后者 不能。如：They have been to Beijing twice.他 去 北京兩次。He has gone to Beijing . 他去北京了。（2）如 表示一段 ，或 一段 ， 有since 一 ，也不必用完成 。如： It is two years since his father died.=His father has been dead for two years他.父 去世已有兩年了。.（3）終止性動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的否定式，已變成一種可以延續(xù)的狀態(tài)，因此可以和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。如： I havent left here s

10、ince 1997自.從 1997 年以來(lái)，我一直沒(méi)有離開(kāi)過(guò)這兒。(4) 表示行為或狀態(tài)從過(guò)去一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在時(shí)，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，要加表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，常用 for一段時(shí)間 , since時(shí)間點(diǎn)。I have lived here since my childhood我.從小就一直住在這里。I have lived here for 10 years. 我在這已經(jīng)住了 10 年了。(5) 在提問(wèn)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)通常用 how long How long have you lived here?注意：在表示某一行為狀態(tài)持續(xù)多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間時(shí)，根據(jù)終止時(shí)間的不同，時(shí)態(tài)使用是不一樣的。如：I li

11、ved here for a week last summer去.年夏天我在這里住了一周。I have lived here for a week by now. 到現(xiàn)在為止，我已經(jīng)在這里住了一周。I will live here for a week next year.明年我會(huì)在這里住一周。二、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用來(lái)表示之前已發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)， 其結(jié)果的確和現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系。 動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過(guò)去， 但它的影響現(xiàn)在還存在； 而一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去的事實(shí)， 不表示和現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系。I have just been to London. I went there last mon

12、th.我剛?cè)ミ^(guò)倫敦，是上個(gè)月去的。1. 過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或單純敘述過(guò)去的事情，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作；現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)為過(guò)去發(fā)生的，強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去的事情對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是影響。2. 過(guò)去時(shí)常與具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)通常與模糊的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，或無(wú)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) :.yesterday, last week，ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具體的 狀 共同的 狀 :this morning, tonight, this April, now, once，before, already, recently，lately 在完成 的 狀 for,

13、since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always,3. 在完成 可表示持 到 在的 作或狀 ， 一般是延 性的，如live, teach, learn,work, study, know. 去 常用的非持 性 有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。 例：I saw this film yesterday.（ 看的 作 生 了。 ）I have seen this film.（ 在的影響， 影的內(nèi)

14、容已 知道了。）Why did you get up so early?（ 起床的 作已 生 了。 ）Who hasnt handed in his paper?（ 有卷子，可能 不公平 爭(zhēng)。 ）She has returned from Paris.她已從巴黎回來(lái)了。She returned yesterday.她是昨天回來(lái)了。He has been in the League for three years.(在 內(nèi)的狀 可延 )He has been a League member for three years. (是 的狀 可持 )He joined the League three

15、 years ago.( 三年前入 ， joined 短 行 。 )I have finished my homework now.-Will somebody go and get Dr. White?-Hes already been sent for.句子中如有 去 的 副 （如yesterday, last, week, in 1960） ，不能使用 在完成 ，要用 去 。.（ ） Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.（ ） Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.三、

16、1. A. 用 already 或 yet1)Have they taken down the old pictures _ _? No, they havent_ _.2)Most of us have finished our compositions _.3) He said he hadnt visited the exhibition _ _. B.用 since 或 for1) We have learned five lessons _ _ _ the beginning of this term.2) Mrs Liao has been in hospital _ _ _las

17、t week.3)I have stayed at my aunt_ s_two weeks.C. 用 have gone或 have been1)Where are the boy students? They _ to the school factory.2)Is your father in? No, he _ to Shenzhen. _he ever _ there before ?Yes, he _ there several times3)He asked me if I_ to Hangzhou before.I told him that I wanted to go th

18、ere for a visit as I _ never _ _ to that city before.2. 填空1.Mother _me a new coat yesterday. I _ it on. It fits me well.A. had made have triedB. madehave triedC. has made triedD. madetried2 “He _to draw horses already”. “When ? ” “ Last year “A. learnedhas B. learned did C. has learnedhasD. has lear

19、ned did3.Tom _up into the tree. Look, he _ high up there !A. has got is B. has climbed was C. got was D. climbed is4._ you _ the text yet ? Yes, we _ it two hours ago.A. Did copydid B. Have copied haveC. Have copied didD. Did copy had5.“Why _ she _ angry ? ” “Because he _ at her just now .”.A. didge

20、t shoutedB. has got shoutedC. didget has shoutedD. has got has shouted6. _you _ the film before ? Where _ you _ it ?A. Have seendid seeB. Didseedid watchC. Have seenhaveseenD. Didseehaveseen7.You _ me waiting for two hours. I _ for you since five.A. keptwaitedB. have keptwaitedC. kepthave waitedD. h

21、ave kepthave waited8.Where _ John _ ? To the library. He _ there for an hour.A. hasbeenhas gone B. has gonehas beenC. did go wentD. did be went9._ the baby still _ ? No, it _ crying.A. Has cried has stoppedB. Iscrying stoppedC. Didcry stoppedD. Iscrying has stopped10. I _ the way. I _ here for quite

22、 many years.A. knew have livedB. knew liveC. know have livedD. know live11. _ you ever _ America ? Yes, I have.A. Have gone to B. Have gone inC. Have been toD. Have been in12. My brother _college for over three years.A. has gone toB. has been toC. has been in D. has been at13.He _ the Army by the en

23、d of 1989. He _ in the army since then.A. joined isB. has joined has beenC. had joined is D. had joined has been14. By the time I _ back they _ up ten satellites.A. camehave sentB. camehad sentC. comehave sentD. had come sent15. Jack _ over five lessons by seven oclock. Then he _ a rest.A. went took

24、B. went had takenC. had gone tookD. had gone had taken16. We _ out by that time that he _ a spy for a long time.A. had found had been B. had found was C. found had been D. found was.17.Before the news _ him, he _ to know about it.A. reacheshas gotB. reached had gotC. reached got D. had reachedgot18.

25、I _ him a second letter before I _ from him.A. wroteheard B. wrotehad heardC. had writtenheardD. have writtenhear19.People _ that the soldiers _ fighting.A. say had stopped B. said has stopped C. say stoppedD. saidhad stopped20.We _ in a good harvest because we _ enough rain.A. didnt get had hadB. got had hadC. had gothad hadD. got hadnt had21.They _ for five hours when they _ in New York.A. flewarrivedB. had flownhad arrivedC. flewhad arrivedD. had flownarrived22.She _ that it _ for two days by that d