版權(quán)說明:本文檔由用戶提供并上傳,收益歸屬內(nèi)容提供方,若內(nèi)容存在侵權(quán),請進(jìn)行舉報或認(rèn)領(lǐng)
文檔簡介
1、.高一語法專題:名詞性從句在句子中起 名詞 作用的從句叫名詞性從句。名詞性從句的功能相當(dāng)于名詞詞組,它在復(fù)合句中能擔(dān)任主語、賓語、表語、同位語,因此根據(jù)它在句中不同的語法功能,名詞性從句又可分為 主語從句 、賓語從句 、表語從句 、同位語從句 。引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的詞叫做連接詞,包括:1.連詞 (在名詞性從句中只起連接作用,不作成分)2.連接代詞 (在名詞性從句中作主語、賓語或表語)3.連接副詞 (在名詞性從句中作狀語)所有的名詞性從句的語序都是陳述句語序。I 主語從句 :是在主句中作主語的從句。它由連接詞引導(dǎo),通常位于謂語動詞之前。連接詞:1. 連詞:在從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分,常見的引導(dǎo)主語從句的
2、連詞有that , whether 。That he got the first prize excited him much.他獲得一等獎一事使他非常興奮。It is doubtful whether we can get there on time.我們能否按時到達(dá)那兒還不確定。1) that 引導(dǎo)的主語從句:在從句中不作任何成分,也沒有實際意義。一般情況下 that 不可省略。That light travels in straight lines is known to all.眾所周知,光沿直線傳播。That you dont like him is none of my busin
3、ess.你不喜歡他不關(guān)我的事。2) whether 引導(dǎo)的主語從句:常置于句首,表示“是否”之意; if 一般不引導(dǎo)主語從句。Whether he can finish his task on time is of greatimportance.他是否能按時完成任務(wù)非常重要。Whether you can succeed or not depends on howhard you work at it.你能否成功取決于你努力的程度。2. 連接代詞:在從句中起名詞或代詞的作用,常作從句的主語、賓語、表語或定語,有具體意義且不能省略。常見的連接代詞有who , whom , whose, wha
4、t , which ,whoever , whomever , whatever , whichever 。What we should do with the problem is undecided.我們?nèi)绾翁幚磉@個問題還未作出決定。 (what 引導(dǎo)主語從句,不表疑問意義) Whom the letter was from is still unknown. 這封信是誰郵寄的還不清楚。3. 連接副詞:在從句中起副詞的作用,常作從句的狀語,表示時間、地點、原因、方式等。常見的連接副詞有 when , where , how , why , whenever , wherever , how
5、ever 等。 Why he did that wasnt quite clear.他為什么做那件事還不十分清楚。Where we can look up his address is still a problem.我們在哪兒可以查他的地址還是個難題。注意: it 代替主語從句作形式主語that 從句作主語通常用it 作形式主語,而將that 從句置于句末。常見的 it 替代主語從句的句式主要有以下幾種:1) It +系動詞+ 形容詞+ that 從句It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure.很清楚,整個計劃注
6、定要失敗。It is likely that there will be a snowstorm tomorrow.明天很可能會有一場暴風(fēng)雪。2) It +系動詞+ 名詞+ that 從句常見的用于此結(jié)構(gòu)的名詞有: a pity(遺憾), a shame(遺憾,恥辱) , a fact (事實), an honor(榮耀), a wonder(奇跡), no wonder (難怪), good news (好消息)等。Its no wonder that youve achieved so much success.難怪你已取得了如此大的成功。Its a pity that you didnt
7、 attend their wedding.你沒有參加他們的婚禮真是遺憾。3) It +系動詞+ 動詞的過去分詞+ that 從句It is said that no passengers were injured in the accident.據(jù)說在那次意外事故中沒有乘客受傷。It is announced that the plan has been successfully carried out.據(jù)宣布計劃已被順利實施。4) It +特殊動詞 + that 從句常用于這種結(jié)構(gòu)的動詞有: seem(看上去), appear(顯得), happen(碰巧),matter(關(guān)系重大), t
8、urn out (結(jié)果), occur to sb. (某人突然想起)等。It seems to me that he objects to the plan.在我看來,他好像反對這個計劃。It happened that I met an old friend on the street yesterday.昨天我碰巧在街上遇見了一位老朋友。II 賓語從句 :在主句中起 賓語 作用的從句稱為賓語從句。賓語從句可分為動詞的賓語從句、介詞的賓語從句和形容詞的賓語從句。1. 連詞 that, if/ whether引導(dǎo)的賓語從句引導(dǎo)賓語從句時,that, whether/if都只起連接作用,在從句
9、中不作任何成分。that 無實義,在句子中可以省略;wether/if意為“是否” ,不可省略。He said (that) he couldnt finish his work before dusk.他說黃昏之前他完不成任務(wù)。Nobody knows whether/ if he likes school or not.沒有人知道他是否喜歡上學(xué)。注意: whether/ if 都意為“是否” 。一般情況下,它們可以互換,口語中常用if ,但在以下情況中,只能用whether :1)與 or not 緊接連用時。如:.Let me know whether or not you can co
10、me.請讓我知道你是否能來。2)作介詞的賓語從句時。如:We are interested in whether you will attend the meeting.我們對你是否會參加會議感興趣。3)引導(dǎo)主語從句、表語從句與同位語從句時4)在動詞不定式前時。如:I don tknow whether to go.2. 連接代詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句who, whom, what, which, whomever, whoever, whatever, whichever等引導(dǎo)賓語從句,并且在賓語從句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語、表語、定語等成分, 每個連接代詞都有自己特定的意義,一般不省略。Do you kn
11、ow who is in charge of the company?你知道誰負(fù)責(zé)這家公司嗎?(作主語)Can you tell me which boy is your son?你能告訴我哪個是你兒子嗎?(作定語)What do you think his job is?你認(rèn)為他是干什么工作的?(作表語)3. 連接副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句when, where, why, how, whenever, wherever, however 等引導(dǎo)賓語從句,并且在賓語從句中充當(dāng)狀語,表示時間、地點、原因、方式等。(有時 how much, how many 等也可引導(dǎo)賓語從句。每個連接副詞都有自己特定
12、的意義,一般不省略。 )The police asked me how the accident happened.警察問我事故是怎么發(fā)生的。(方式狀語)I dont know when we will meet again.我不知道我們何時才能再見面。(時間狀語)Do you know where Mr. Brown lives?你知道布朗先生住在哪兒嗎?(地點狀語)使用賓語從句的注意事項1. 賓語從句的語序 :在賓語從句中 要用陳述句語序 。He asked me when we could set out the next day.他問我第二天什么時候可以出發(fā)。Did you find
13、out where she lost her car?你查出她在哪里丟的車了嗎?2. 賓語從句的時態(tài) : 1)如果主句的謂語是一般現(xiàn)在時,其賓語從句的時態(tài)可以是任何適當(dāng)?shù)臅r態(tài)。She says (that) she works from Monday to Friday.她說她周一至周五上班。(從句時一般現(xiàn)在時)She says (that) she will leave a message on his desk.她說要在桌子上留個便條。(從句是一般將來時)She says (that) she has never been to Mount Emei.她說她從來沒有去過峨眉山。(從句是現(xiàn)在
14、完成時)2)如果主句的謂語是一般過去時,其賓語從句的時態(tài)一般要用適當(dāng)?shù)?過去時態(tài)(客觀真理、事實除外)He said there were no classes yesterday afternoon.他說昨天下午沒有課。 (從句是一般過去時)He said that he was going to take care of the baby.他說他會去照看這個嬰兒。He said that they were having a meeting at that time.他說他們那時正在開會。(從句是過去進(jìn)行時)3)當(dāng)賓語從句是表達(dá)客觀真理和規(guī)律的句子時,其時態(tài)仍用一般現(xiàn)在時。The teac
15、her told us that nothing is difficult if we put our heart into it.老師告訴我們,世上無難事,只怕有心人。He said that light travels much faster than sound.他說光比聲傳播得快。解題技巧 : 1. 動詞 find, feel, think, consider, make, believe, guess, suppose, assume 等后有賓語補(bǔ)足語時,則要用it 作形式賓語 ,而將 that 賓語從句后置。I think it necessary that we take ple
16、nty of boiled water every day.我認(rèn)為每天多喝開水是有必要的。I have made it a rule that I keep diaries.我每天寫日記成了慣例。2. hate, like, take, owe, have, take for granted等表示“喜歡;痛恨;認(rèn)為”的動詞或動詞短語和see to 表示“注意,留意”后有賓語補(bǔ)足語時,要用it 作形式賓語而將賓語從句后置。I hate it when they talk with their mouth full of food.我討厭他們含著滿嘴食物說話。When you start the
17、engine, you must see to it that the car is in neutral.啟動發(fā)動機(jī)時,一定要使汽車的離合器處于空擋位置。3. 介詞后 的賓語從句。She is always thinking of how she can do more for others.她總想著如何才能為別人做得更多。We are talking about whether we admit students into our club.我們正討論是否讓學(xué)生加入我們的俱樂部。4. 賓語從句的 否定轉(zhuǎn)移 。將 think, believe, suppose, expect, fancy,
18、 imagine 等動詞后面賓語從句的否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中,即主句的謂語用否定式,而從句的謂語用肯定式。I dont think I know you.我想我并不認(rèn)識你。I dont believe he will come.我相信他不回來。注意: 反意疑問句 的主語一般與賓語從句的主語保持一致,附加問句用肯定形式。(主語是第一人稱且為一般現(xiàn)在時)I dont suppose thats his fault, is it?我認(rèn)為這不是他的過錯,是不是?5. 賓語從句中的 特殊疑問形式 (又稱雙重疑問句)在某些賓語從句中,賓語從句的連接代詞或連接副詞常被移到主句之前,.構(gòu)成特殊疑問形式,其構(gòu)成為:
19、Wh-/ How do you + vt. +賓語從句的其他部分?常見的用于此結(jié)構(gòu)的動詞有 think, believe, consider, suppose, imagine, expect, guess, say等。What do you think we will do next?你認(rèn)為我們下一步該怎么辦?Who do you guess will be our new headmaster?你猜誰會是我們的新校長?6. 賓語從句中引導(dǎo)詞 that 不可省略的情況一般情況下,賓語從句中的引導(dǎo)詞that 可省略,但下列情況下一般不省略 that:1)介詞 except, but, besi
20、des 等后跟 that 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句時。 The American stood quite still, except that his lips moved slightly.那個美國人站著一動不動,只是嘴唇還微微在動。2) that 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句和主句之間有插入語時。I think, first of all, that we must believe in ourselves.我認(rèn)為,尤其重要的是,我們必須對自己有信心。He said, in his opinion, that Lei Feng was a good example of serving the people he
21、art and soul.他說,在他看來,雷鋒是一個全心全意為人民服務(wù)的好榜樣。3)賓語從句為主從復(fù)合句且從句位于主句之前時。He said that if he came back early, he could come for the meeting.他說如果回來的早的話,他會來參加會議的。Mary said that, as she was not well, she could not get the highest score in the midterm exam.瑪麗說,因為身體不好,她無法在期中考試中得最高分。4)當(dāng) it 作形式賓語,that 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句后置時。We h
22、ave made it clear that we will learn to deal with various difficult problems.我們已經(jīng)表明,我們將學(xué)會處理各種難題。We took it for granted that they would accept the proposal.我們想當(dāng)然地以為他們會接受這個建議的。5)有多個 that 引導(dǎo)的從句時,第一個 that 可以省略,而其他的 that 常不可省略。I think (that) it will clear up this afternoon and that they will come to say
23、goodbye to us.我認(rèn)為今天下午天會放晴,他們會來向我們告別的。6)當(dāng) when, who, what, where, why, how 等引導(dǎo)的從句與 that 引導(dǎo)的從句作主句謂語動詞的并列賓語時。I know what the time is and that the wind remains low.我知道現(xiàn)在是什么時候,且風(fēng)依然不大。Im sure where he lives and that he is living a happy life.我非常清楚他住在什么地方,而且他生活得很幸福。.賓語從句用法小結(jié):一是關(guān)鍵引導(dǎo)詞,不同句子詞相異:陳述句子用that;一般疑問是
24、否(if, whether )替;特殊問句更好辦,引導(dǎo)還用疑問詞。二是時態(tài)常變化,主句不同從句異:主句若為現(xiàn)在時,從句時態(tài)應(yīng)看意;主句若為過去時,從句時態(tài)向前移。三是語序要記清,從句永保陳述句。III表語從句表語從句是在主句中作表語的從句,常跟在be, look, seem 等系動詞后。常見的引導(dǎo)表語從句的連接詞有that, whether; 連接代詞who, whom, whose, which, what,whoever, whomever, whichever, whatever;連接副詞when, where, how, why 引導(dǎo)。1. that, whether引導(dǎo)的表語從句th
25、at, whether 引導(dǎo)表語從句時只起連接作用,不作任何成分;that 無實義, whether 意為“是否” 。The fact is that we should depend on ourselves.事實是我們應(yīng)該依靠自己。The question is whether we can reduce the cost of the project.問題是我們能否降低這項工程的開支。注意:當(dāng)主語為表示 “計劃、建議、命令、要求、主張” 等的名詞時,其表語從句謂語動詞應(yīng)用 “ (should+) 動詞原形” 。My suggestion is that we (should) have
26、a discussion about this matter instead of just laying it aside.我提議我們應(yīng)當(dāng)討論一下這個問題,而不應(yīng)把它放在一邊。The doctors advice is that you (should) lie in bed for a few days.醫(yī)生建議你臥床休息幾天。2. wh-詞和 because 引導(dǎo)的表語從句wh- 詞包括連接代詞who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever,和連接副詞when, where, why, wherever, whene
27、ver 等,此類詞大多表示疑問意義,偶爾表示陳述意義。because引導(dǎo)的表語從句表示陳述意義。The question is how we can persuade him to go.問題是我們?nèi)绾尾拍苷f服他去。That was where we camped last time.那就是上次我們野營的地方。3. as, as if, as though 引導(dǎo)的表語從句此類表語從句常跟在特定動詞后面,如seem, appear, look, taste, sound, feel 等。It sounds as if someone is knocking at the back door.聽上
28、去好像有人在敲門。You look just as you looked 10 years ago.你看上去和十年前完全一樣。I feel as though the house is shaking.我感到好像房子在晃動。4. reason 作主語時的表語從句reason 作主語時,其表語從句需用that 引導(dǎo),一般不用why 或 because引導(dǎo)。(但 reason 的定語從句常由why 引起).The reason why he didnt pass the exam was that he was too careless.他沒有通過考試的原因是他太粗心了。( why 引導(dǎo)定語從句,
29、 the reason是先行詞; that 引導(dǎo)表語從句, the reason 作主語)The reason for the car accident is that the driver was drunk.這次交通事故是司機(jī)酒后駕駛導(dǎo)致的。( that 引導(dǎo)表語從句, the reason 用作主語)IV 同位語從句同位語從句是用以解釋說明某一名詞內(nèi)容的從句,所以它總是跟在某一個名詞的后面。該名詞被稱作先行詞。1. 同位語從句的連接詞: that, whether, why, who, where, how, when 等。that, whether 不作成分, that 無實際意義,
30、whether 表示“是否” ;其他連接詞具有實義,同時在同位語從句中作一定成分。(引導(dǎo)同位語從句的連接詞一般都不省略)We have proof that this man committed the crime.我們有證據(jù)證明是這個人犯的罪。I have no idea why she quit her present job.我不知道她為什么辭職。2. 可跟同位語從句的名詞: advice 建議belief 信念,相信doubt 懷疑explanation 解釋fact 事實fear 害怕feeling 感覺hope 希望idea 想法,主意news 消息possibility 可能性t
31、hought 想法wish 愿望question 問題promise 答應(yīng),諾言reply 答復(fù)suggestion 建議order 命令problem 問題I have no idea when they will be back and settle down.我不知道他們什么時候回答定居。He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not.他必須回答他是否同意這樣一個問題。The problem why the earth is becoming warmer and warmer is still under discussion.地球為什么變得越來越暖這一問題仍在討論之中。There is a feeling in me that well never know what a UFO is.我內(nèi)心有種感受,我們將永遠(yuǎn)不知道UFO 是什么。3. 同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別:1)先行詞不同:同位語從句的先行詞常是一些具有具體信息內(nèi)容或一定內(nèi)涵的名詞,如idea, fact, news, hope, belief, suggestion, proposal, word, thought, doubt,truth, pos
溫馨提示
- 1. 本站所有資源如無特殊說明,都需要本地電腦安裝OFFICE2007和PDF閱讀器。圖紙軟件為CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.壓縮文件請下載最新的WinRAR軟件解壓。
- 2. 本站的文檔不包含任何第三方提供的附件圖紙等,如果需要附件,請聯(lián)系上傳者。文件的所有權(quán)益歸上傳用戶所有。
- 3. 本站RAR壓縮包中若帶圖紙,網(wǎng)頁內(nèi)容里面會有圖紙預(yù)覽,若沒有圖紙預(yù)覽就沒有圖紙。
- 4. 未經(jīng)權(quán)益所有人同意不得將文件中的內(nèi)容挪作商業(yè)或盈利用途。
- 5. 人人文庫網(wǎng)僅提供信息存儲空間,僅對用戶上傳內(nèi)容的表現(xiàn)方式做保護(hù)處理,對用戶上傳分享的文檔內(nèi)容本身不做任何修改或編輯,并不能對任何下載內(nèi)容負(fù)責(zé)。
- 6. 下載文件中如有侵權(quán)或不適當(dāng)內(nèi)容,請與我們聯(lián)系,我們立即糾正。
- 7. 本站不保證下載資源的準(zhǔn)確性、安全性和完整性, 同時也不承擔(dān)用戶因使用這些下載資源對自己和他人造成任何形式的傷害或損失。
最新文檔
- GB/T 14048.25-2025低壓開關(guān)設(shè)備和控制設(shè)備第9-2部分:電弧故障主動抑制系統(tǒng)基于光信號的內(nèi)部電弧探測和抑制設(shè)備
- 電力設(shè)施維護(hù)與檢修操作指南(標(biāo)準(zhǔn)版)
- 護(hù)理管理核心制度
- 公共交通乘客服務(wù)管理制度
- 超市員工休息及休假制度
- 2025年項目進(jìn)度控制與監(jiān)控規(guī)范
- 2026年玉樹州人民醫(yī)院合同制人員招聘備考題庫完整答案詳解
- 包頭市青山區(qū)教育系統(tǒng)2026年校園招聘備考題庫(內(nèi)蒙古師范大學(xué)考點)帶答案詳解
- 2026年聊城市市屬事業(yè)單位定向招聘隨軍未就業(yè)家屬備考題庫附答案詳解
- 養(yǎng)老院服務(wù)質(zhì)量監(jiān)督制度
- 邀約來訪活動策劃方案(3篇)
- 2025年煙臺理工學(xué)院馬克思主義基本原理概論期末考試筆試真題匯編
- 2025年保險理賠流程操作規(guī)范手冊
- 彩鋼瓦屋面施工組織方案
- 路燈勞務(wù)施工方案(3篇)
- 2026屆高考復(fù)習(xí)之鑒賞詩歌的語言 教學(xué)課件
- 七年級上冊文言文虛詞詳解匯編
- 2025年軍事理論知識考核試題及答案
- 2026屆云南省昆明市五華區(qū)數(shù)學(xué)高二第一學(xué)期期末考試試題含解析
- 部編版六年級語文期末復(fù)習(xí)易錯題專題練習(xí)
- 2025年深圳非高危安全管理員和企業(yè)負(fù)責(zé)人習(xí)題(有答案版)(1)1
評論
0/150
提交評論