1、chapter 7 a new newspaper一、教學(xué)內(nèi)容：chapter 7 a new newspaper二、具體過程：（一）虛擬語氣的用法 虛擬語氣是一種特殊的動(dòng)詞形式，用來表示說話人所說的話并不是事實(shí)，而是一種假設(shè)、愿望、懷疑或推測。 用以表示虛擬條件的虛擬語氣 用if條件從句表示的虛擬條件，是虛擬條件最普通的方式。 虛擬現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，其if 從句的謂語形式用動(dòng)詞的過去式(be 一般用were)，主句用would/ should/ could/ might +動(dòng)詞原形，例如：if i were in your position i would marry her.

2、 虛擬過去時(shí)是表示與過去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，if 從句的謂語形式用過去完成時(shí)即had過去分詞，主句用would / should / could / might + have +過去分詞，例如：if it had not rained so hard yesterday we could have played tennis. 大多數(shù)的虛擬條件句屬于上面三種情況中的一種，但并不排除存在于條件和結(jié)果中，一個(gè)和現(xiàn)在情況相反，另一個(gè)和過去情況相反，例如：if you had followed what the doctor said, you would not have been so painful

3、 now. 這個(gè)句子在高中出現(xiàn)頻率頗高。 但是，如果結(jié)果用了虛擬語氣，而條件卻用陳述語氣，這種用法是錯(cuò)誤的。1) 虛擬語氣用在簡單句中，表示祝愿，命令。 may you be happy. 祝你幸福。 may you have a good time. 祝愿你玩得痛快may the friendship between us last long. 祝愿我們的友情天長地久。 have a good journey! 祝愿你旅途愉快！ you go out！ 你出去！ 2) 虛擬語氣用在賓語從句中。動(dòng)詞 wish, suggest, order, insist, propose 等詞后面的賓語從句

4、表示的是一種虛擬語氣， 賓語從句中的動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作表示的只是一種愿望，要求。 i wish she would be on my side. 我希望她能站在我這一邊。 i wish i could help him. 我希望我能幫助他。 he insisted that all of us should be there on time by any means. 他堅(jiān)持要我們大家想盡辦法按時(shí)去那兒。 動(dòng)詞 demand, suggest, order, insist, propose 后面的從句中，“should” 可以省略。 the teacher suggested that we (shou

5、ld) clean the blackboard after class. 老師建議我們課后把黑板擦了。 he ordered that the students wash the clothes every week by themselves. 他要求學(xué)生每周都要自己洗衣服。 3) 虛擬語氣用在主語從句中。在句型 “it is important (necessary, strange, natural) that . . . . ” 中，that 后面的從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞用： should + 動(dòng)詞原形 its necessary that we should have a walk no

6、w. 我們有必要出去散散步。 its natural that she should do so. 她這樣做是很自然的。 its important that we should take good care of the patient. 重要的是我們要照顧好病人。 4) 虛擬語氣用在狀語從句中。 虛擬語氣多用于表示條件的狀語從句和表示結(jié)果的主句中。在表示與事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣時(shí)，動(dòng)詞有三種時(shí)態(tài)形式，即現(xiàn)在，過去和將來。 與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的： 條件從句 結(jié)果從句 if i (we, you, he, they)+ 動(dòng)詞過去式, if i (he, she) were. . . i (we) sh

7、ould + 動(dòng)詞原形。 he (you, they) would + 動(dòng)詞原形。 與過去事實(shí)相反的： 條件從句 結(jié)果從句 if i(we, you, he, they)+ had + 過去分詞 i(we)should + have+ 過去分詞。he (you, they) would + have + 過去分詞。 if i were you, i should buy it. 如果我是你，我就買了它。 if i had time, i would study french. 如果我有時(shí)間，我會學(xué)習(xí)法語的。 if she knew english, she would not ask me f

8、or help. 如果她懂英語的話，她不會找我?guī)兔Φ摹?if you had got up earlier, you could have caught the train. 如果你早一點(diǎn)起床，就會趕上火車的。 if it were fine tomorrow, i would go shopping. 如果明天天氣好，我就去買東西。 有關(guān)虛擬語氣的幾個(gè)問題： 1) 有時(shí)if引導(dǎo)的狀語從句可以省略 if，而把從句中的動(dòng)詞 were, had 或 should 移到主語前面。 were she younger, she would do it. 如果她年輕點(diǎn)， 她就會干的。 had he kno

9、wn her address, he would had gone to visit her. 如果他知道她的地址，他會去看她的。 2) 有時(shí)表示虛擬語氣的條件從句或者主句都可以省略，而只剩下一個(gè)主句或者一個(gè)條件從句。 i could help you. 我本來可以幫助你。 if i had time. 我要有時(shí)間該多好啊。 she should have come to the party. 她應(yīng)該來參加聚會。 if he had much more money. 如果他有更多的錢。 3) 虛擬語氣中，條件從句的動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作可以和主句的動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作時(shí)態(tài)不一致。 if they had studied

10、 hard, they could do it easily now. 如果他們以前努力學(xué)習(xí)的話，現(xiàn)在干的就會容易些。 if he had not taken my advice, he wouldnt do it much better like this. 如果他不聽取我的建議，他就不會干得這樣好。（二）狀語從句由從句擔(dān)任的狀語，在句子中可修飾謂語（或其它動(dòng)詞）、形容詞、副詞或是整個(gè)句子，它可以用來表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、目的、結(jié)果、條件、方式、比較、讓步等。狀語從句是一較大的語法項(xiàng)目，也是近幾年高考題中常見的一個(gè)重要試點(diǎn)。高考中已考查了時(shí)間、讓步、地點(diǎn)、條件、目的等狀語從句，這些從句仍是今

11、后高考的熱點(diǎn)，應(yīng)作充分準(zhǔn)備。同時(shí)對方式狀語從句也應(yīng)引起重視。1. 時(shí)間狀語從句表示時(shí)間的狀語從句可由when, as, while, whenever, after, before, till (until), since, once, as soon as (或the moment ), by the time, no sooner than, hardly (scarcely) when, every time等引導(dǎo)。e. g. : when i came into the office, the teachers were having a meeting. he started as

12、soon as he received the news. once you see him, you will never forget him. no sooner had i gone to bed than i went to sleep. 2. 原因狀語從句原因狀語從句是表示原因或理由的，引導(dǎo)這類從句的最常用的連詞是because, since, as , now that（既然）等，for 表示因果關(guān)系時(shí)（它引導(dǎo)的不是從句）為并列連詞，語氣不如because強(qiáng)。e. g. he is disappointed because he didnt get the position. a

13、s it is raining, i will not go out. now that you mention it, i do remember. 3. 地點(diǎn)狀語從句引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語從句的連詞是where 和wherever等。e. g. sit wherever you like. make a mark where you have a question. 4. 目的狀語從句引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句最常用的詞（組）是so, so that（從句謂語常有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞）, in order that, in case（以防，以免）等。e. g. speak clearly, so that they ma

14、y understand you. she has bought the book in order that she could follow the tv lessons. he left early in case he should miss the train. 5. 結(jié)果狀語從句結(jié)果狀語從句是表示事態(tài)結(jié)果的從句，通常主句是原因，從句是結(jié)果。由so that （從句謂語一般沒有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞）, so that, such that等引導(dǎo)。 e. g. she was ill, so that she didnt attend the meeting. he was so excited

15、that he could not say a word. she is such a good teacher that everyone admires her. 6. 條件狀語從句條件狀語從句分真實(shí)性（有可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的事情）與非真實(shí)性（條件與事實(shí)相反或者在說話者看來不大可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的事情）條件句。引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句的詞（組）主要有if, unless, so (as) long as, on condition that, so (as) far as, if only ( = if )。注意：條件從句中的if 不能用whether替換。e. g. if he is not in the offi

16、ce, he must be out for lunch. you may borrow the book so long as you keep it clean. so far as i know（據(jù)我所知）, he will be away for three months. you can go swimming on condition that ( = if ) you dont go too far away from the river bank. if he had come a few minutes earlier, he could have seen her. 7.

17、讓步狀語從句讓步狀語從句可由although, though, as, even if (though), however, whatever, whether or, no matter who (when, what, ) 等引導(dǎo)。注意：as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句一般是倒裝的。e. g. though he is a child, he knows a lot. child as he is, he knows a lot. whatever ( = no matter what ) you say, ill never change my mind. 8. 方式狀語從句來方式狀語從句常由as

18、, as if (though), the way, rather than等引導(dǎo)。e. g. you must do the exercise as i show you. he acted as if nothing had happened. 9. 比較狀語從句比較狀語從句常用than, so (as) as, the more the more等引導(dǎo)。e. g. i have made a lot more mistakes than you havehe smokes cigarettes as expensive as he can afford. the busier he is

19、, the happier he feels. 10. 使用狀語從句時(shí)要注意的幾個(gè)問題（1）在時(shí)間和條件（有時(shí)也在方式、讓步等）從句中，主句是一般將來時(shí)，從句通常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來。e. g. well go outing if it doesnt rain tomorrow. ill write to you as soon as i get to shanghai. （2）有些時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、條件、方式或讓步從句，如果從句的主語與主句的主語一致（或不一致，是it），從句的謂語又包含動(dòng)詞be ，就可省略從句中的“主語 + be”部分。e. g. when (he was) still a bo

20、y of ten, he had to work day and night. if (you are) asked you may come in. if (it is) necessary ill explain to you again. （3）注意區(qū)分不同從句：引導(dǎo)的是什么從句，不僅要根據(jù)連詞，還要根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)和句意來判別。以where為例，能引導(dǎo)多種從句。e. g. you are to find it where you left it. （地點(diǎn)狀語從句）tell me the address where he lives. （定語從句，句中有先行詞）i dont know where he came from. （賓語從句）where he has gone is not known yet. （主語從句）this place is where they once hid. （表語從句）（三）agree的用法 agree后面接介詞比較復(fù)雜，常見用法有： （1）涉及討論的題目用about。 they never agree abou