高考英語常見的分隔現(xiàn)象 本文檔格式為 WORD,感謝你的閱讀。 在英語中，為了保持句子平衡或?yàn)榱耸咕渥咏Y(jié)構(gòu)緊湊等，在不影響語義表達(dá)的情況下在兩個(gè)相連的成分中間插入單詞、短語或句子等內(nèi)容。此種現(xiàn)象為分隔。分隔陷阱是高考命題者在單項(xiàng)填空題中的一個(gè)重要命題點(diǎn)，考生往往會(huì)在這方面出錯(cuò)，為了幫助考生繞過該陷阱，本文對(duì)該命題點(diǎn)進(jìn)行了總結(jié)與歸納。 一、考查定語從句與先行詞之間被其他成分分隔時(shí)關(guān)系詞的選擇。常見考查方式是在先行詞與定語從句之間插入另一個(gè)充 當(dāng)定語或狀語的短語或插入語或充當(dāng)主語的定語從句因?yàn)橹骶渲^語過短而置于句末。例如： 1. An ecosystem consists of the living and nonliving things in an area _ interact with one another. A. that B. where C. who D. what 2. After the flooding， people were suffering in that area， _ urgently needed clean water， medicine and shelter to survive. A. which B. who C. where D. what 3. She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students _ allows them to communicate freely with each other. A. which B. where C. what D. who 【解析】 1. A。題干的意思是：生態(tài)系統(tǒng)是由一個(gè)區(qū)域里相互作用的生物和非生物構(gòu)成的。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，_ interact with one another 是定語從句，修飾的先行詞是 the living and nonliving things，充當(dāng)定語的介詞短語 in an area 把先行詞和定語從句隔開了。 2.B。由分析可知，本句的先行詞是 people，為了保持平衡，把修飾它的非限制性定語從句置于句末，且 people 在非限制性定語從句中充當(dāng)主語，所以用關(guān)系代詞 who 引導(dǎo)。 3.A。分析可知， an atmosphere 與修飾它的定語從句被充當(dāng)狀語的介詞短語 for her students 隔開，該從句缺少主語，所以用 which。 二、考查后置修飾語的非謂語動(dòng)詞與被修飾的名詞被其他成分分隔時(shí)非謂語動(dòng)詞的選擇。常見考查方式是定語（從句）或插入語等把另一個(gè)充當(dāng)定語的非謂語動(dòng)詞與被修飾的名詞分隔，解題時(shí)把定語（從句）或插入語等去掉進(jìn)行判斷。例如： 1. On receiving a phone call from his wife _ she had a fall， Mr. Gorden immediately rushed home from his office. A. says B. said C. saying D. to say 2. Thai is the only way we can imagine _ the overuse of water in students bathrooms. A. reducing B. to reduce C. reduced D. reduce 【解析】 1.C。充當(dāng) phone call 定語的介詞短語 from his wife 把另一個(gè)充當(dāng)定語的非謂語動(dòng)詞 say she had a fall 分隔開了，又因前后動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作在同一時(shí)間發(fā)生，表主動(dòng)進(jìn)行用現(xiàn)在分詞的形式，故用 saying。 2.B。充當(dāng)定語從句we can imagine 把它的先行詞 the only way 與其另外一個(gè)定語分隔開了， the only way 后面的動(dòng)詞充當(dāng)短語可以用 to do 或 of doing 表示，故用 to reduce。 三、考查賓語與其補(bǔ)足語被其他成分分隔時(shí)非謂語動(dòng)詞的 選擇。常見考查方式是對(duì)賓語進(jìn)行提問的特殊疑問句和充當(dāng)定語從句的先行詞在該從句中充當(dāng)賓語。例如： 1. Who is the girl over there ？ Isnt that the secretary you want _ the article？ A. to have type B. her to type C. to have typed D. her type 2. Whom did you _ the wall ？ Jack. There _ masses of things for him to do， but he managed to finish the work as required. A. have painted； was B. have paint； were C. have to paint； were D. have paint； was 【解析】 1.A。分析可知， secretary 是先行詞，后面是省略了充當(dāng)賓語的定語從句， want to have sb. do sth.中的 sb.指的是先行詞 secretary，故用 to have type。2.B。考查 have 的用法及主謂一致。第一空的陳述句為： you had whom paint the wall.改為問句即為： Whom did you have paint the wall？第二空主語是復(fù)數(shù)，故用 were。 四、考查同位語從句與中心名詞之間被其他成分分隔時(shí)連接詞的選擇。常見考查方式是充當(dāng)主語的中心名詞因謂語比較短而為了平衡句子把它的同位語從句置于句末或充當(dāng)賓語的中心名詞因主句的充當(dāng)狀 語的介詞短語等比較短而為了平衡句子把它的同位語從句置于句末。例如： 1. Evidence has been found through years of study _ childrens early sleeping problem likely to continue when they grow up. A. why B .how C. whether D. that 2. I made a promise to myself _ this year， my first year in high school， would be different. A. whether B. what C. that D. how 【解析】 1.D。為了保持平衡，把同位語從句與先行詞evidence 隔開了，又因從句不缺少成分，故用 that 引導(dǎo)從句。 2.C。為了保持平衡，充當(dāng)狀語的介詞短語 to myself 把同位語從句與先行詞 a promise 隔開了，分析可知，從句不缺少成分，故用 that 引導(dǎo)從句。 五、考查連接詞和其所連接的主體分句被 其他成分分隔時(shí)連接詞的選擇。常見考查方式是在定語從句或名詞性從句中設(shè)置插入語，解題辦法是去掉插入語進(jìn)行連詞的選擇。例如： 1. Ellen was a painter of birds and of nature， _， for some reason， had withdrawn from all human society. A. which B. who C. where D. whom 2. The companies are working together to create _ they hope will be the best means of transport in the 21st century. A. which B. that C. what D. who 【解析】 1.B。 for some reason 是插入語， who 引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句，在從句中作主語，修飾先行詞 Ellen（人名）。 2.C。該句中 they hope 是插入語，故 “_ will be the best means of transport in the 21st century”實(shí)際上是 create 的賓語，且缺少賓語從句的連接詞，并且該連接詞要指物且在從句中作主語， what 可以起到該作用。 六、考查主語與謂語動(dòng)詞之間被其他成分分隔時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞單、復(fù)數(shù)形式的選擇。為了保持句子平衡，主謂之間插入定語（常為介詞短語、分詞短語、不定式短語、定語從句）、狀語（常為副詞、介詞短語或狀語從句）、同位語、插入語等。解此類試題時(shí)，要分清句子的結(jié)構(gòu)，抓住句子的主干，還要將句子的時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致兼顧，才能準(zhǔn)確無誤地選對(duì)答案。例如： 1. The university estimates that living expenses for international students _ around $8， 450 a year， which_ a burden for some of them. A. are； is B. are； are C. is； are D. is； is 2. Generally， students inner motivation with high expectations from others _ essential to their development. A. is B. are C. was D. were 【解析】 1.A。第一空主語為 living expenses， for international students 充當(dāng)定語，故第一空謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；第二空 which 指代整個(gè)主句引導(dǎo)定語從句作從句的主語，謂語應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式。故選 are； is。 2.A。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，主語為 studentsinner motivation with high expectations from others，中心詞為 inner motivation，顯然為第三人稱單數(shù)。再根據(jù) generally 可知此句講的是通常情況下，所以用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。故選擇 is。 七、考查固定短語或搭配被其他成分分隔時(shí)固定短語或搭配中某個(gè)詞或它們的用法的選擇。常見考查方式是固定短語或搭配因被介詞短語或定語從句等的插入而形成分隔或變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)固定短語或搭配被分隔。例如： 1. Before you pay a visit to a place of interest， look in your local library _ a book about it. A. on B. at C. for D. to 2. Have you realized the part the Internet has _ in our daily life？ A. made B. given C. caused D. played 【解析】 1.C。固定搭配 look for 意為 “ 尋找 ” 。結(jié)構(gòu) in your local library 將動(dòng)詞詞組 look for 隔離。2.D。 part 后面部分充當(dāng) part 的定語，且在定語從句中充當(dāng)賓語， play a part in 表示 “ 在 中充當(dāng)角色 ” ，是固定搭配。故用 played。 八、考查句子結(jié)構(gòu)或句型被其他成分分隔時(shí)非謂語動(dòng)詞的選擇。常見考查方式是在句子結(jié)構(gòu)或句型中間插入定語、狀語或插入語等。例如： 1. The driver wanted to park his car near the roadside but was asked by the police _. A. not to do B. not to C. not do D. do not 2. Let those in need _ that we will go all out to help them. A. to understand B. understand C. understanding D. understood 3. You cant imagine what difficulty we had _ home in the snowstorm. A. walked B. walk C. to walk D. walking 【解析】 1.B。該道題是 ask sb. to do 變被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)的，因此非不定式的選項(xiàng)都是錯(cuò)的；其次省略要省干凈，不能留 do 的尾巴，因此如果 A 選項(xiàng)后加 it 也正確。 2.B。 let sb. do sth.意為 “ 讓某人做某事 ” ，結(jié)構(gòu)中插入了 in need， in need 充當(dāng)定語修飾 those。 3