單位代碼 01 學 號 090111044 分 類 號 O24 密 級 文獻翻譯 基于獨立學院 本科生 畢業(yè)設(shè)計存在的問題及對策分析 院（系）名稱 信息工程學院 專業(yè)名稱 信息與計算科學 學生姓名 簡彥林 指導教師 唐風軍 2013 年 3 月 1 日 黃河科技學院畢業(yè)論文 (文獻翻譯 ) 第 1 頁 基于 獨立學院 本科生 畢業(yè)設(shè)計 存在 的 問題 及對策 分析 蔡航峰 ,丁建波 浙江工業(yè)大學之江學院 ， P.R.China， 310024 摘 要 獨立學院本科畢業(yè) 生 畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）是教學程序中的一個重要實踐環(huán)節(jié)，也是人才培養(yǎng)的一個主要課程 .為了進一步提高 獨立學院本科畢業(yè)生 畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）的 質(zhì)量，諸如缺乏管理制度、導師指導不力以及內(nèi)在質(zhì)量差等 在教學環(huán)節(jié)中出現(xiàn)的類似問題需要加以詳細分析 .從獨立院校的實際情況出發(fā)， 關(guān)于畢業(yè)論文話題和導師對提高學生能力的引導的一些對策， 應該有助于提高獨立學院本科畢業(yè)生畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文 ）的質(zhì)量 . 關(guān)鍵詞 ： 本科畢業(yè)生畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文），存在問題，對策，獨立院校 1 引言 在獨立學院中， 本科畢業(yè)生畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文） 是教學環(huán)節(jié)里最重要最集中的實踐環(huán)節(jié) .畢業(yè)設(shè)計的質(zhì)量 在一定程度上反映了整個教學水平、師資力量和學科建設(shè) .提高本科畢業(yè)生畢業(yè)論設(shè)計（論文）的質(zhì)量是一個重要的環(huán)節(jié) 以及獨立院校內(nèi)涵建設(shè)的具體表現(xiàn)，同時也是獨立院校促進可持續(xù)發(fā)展的直接動力 .1 .在 2008 年， 浙江省教育部門第一次抽查了獨立學院畢業(yè)生的畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文） .2 .這個抽查結(jié)果表明：與 傳統(tǒng)本科院校相比，獨立院校的畢業(yè)生所做的畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）不夠好 .為了進一步提高獨立學院本科畢業(yè)生畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）的質(zhì)量，這篇論文 會對本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計中可能存在的問題作出分析 .從獨立院校的實際情況出發(fā)，應該做出一些對策來提高獨立學院本科畢業(yè)生畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）的質(zhì)量 . 2 獨立院校本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）所存在的問題 黃河科技學院畢業(yè)論文 (文獻翻譯 ) 第 2 頁 目前，大多數(shù)獨立院校已經(jīng)致力于增強 本科畢業(yè)生畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）中的教學和 指導環(huán)節(jié)， 并且在畢業(yè)環(huán)節(jié)中建立了標準化的管理系統(tǒng)，這些努力已經(jīng)獲得了 一定的成果 .然而，我們也應該看到， 獨立學院本科畢業(yè)生畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文） 的整體水平還不是很高，并且仍然存在問題 .主要存在的問題如下所示 . 2.1 缺乏系統(tǒng)管理以及執(zhí)行不力 很多獨立院校對本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計 建立了標準化的管理系統(tǒng) .但是，在不少獨立院校 中，畢業(yè)設(shè)計的實施細則、質(zhì)量控制和安全系統(tǒng)都遠非完美 .尤其，對于畢業(yè)環(huán)節(jié)的管理過程， 一些獨立院校缺乏 一個有效的途徑，這就導致很多學生對于本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）漠不關(guān)心，而導師 指導 成為一個純粹的 形式 .3 .此外，一些獨立院校 不能對畢業(yè)設(shè)計質(zhì)量進行嚴格把關(guān) .而且，由于受到 學生就業(yè)的影響， 甚至出現(xiàn)這樣一種現(xiàn)象：很多獨立院校不惜“犧牲”本科畢業(yè)生畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文） 的質(zhì)量來完成學生就業(yè)率 . 2.2 關(guān)于導師指導的問題 有的 指導導師缺乏一種責任感 ， 而且沒有 對本科畢業(yè)生畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文） 的完成加以同步 規(guī)范 ， 導致一些本科生的畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）未能達到教學要求 .有的指導老師對學生做出讓步而不對他們嚴格要求 .而有的指導老師沒有指出和糾正他們的學生的畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）中的一些明顯錯誤，這就導致論文缺乏格式標準，尤其是不完全和不標準的引文和參考文獻 .4 . 2.3 內(nèi)在質(zhì)量問題 2.3.1 主題 論文主題的某一部分 脫離了實踐，或者背離 了他們本身所學專業(yè)的培養(yǎng)目標 . 2.3.2 文獻綜述 許多學生不懂如何寫文獻綜述， 并且在相關(guān)領(lǐng)域?qū)ΜF(xiàn)況研究和發(fā)展趨勢缺乏一個全面的認識，大多數(shù)文獻 甚至寫與本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計本身 有關(guān)的內(nèi)容 . 2.3.3 外文翻譯 一些學生的翻譯材料沒能達到標準，且翻譯質(zhì)量很低 .此外，許多國外翻譯材料的內(nèi)容與本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）的主題幾乎沒有聯(lián)系 . 2.3.4 論文的規(guī)范格式 黃河科技學院畢業(yè)論文 (文獻翻譯 ) 第 3 頁 引文的標點 符號不能達到要求而且格式不統(tǒng)一 .論文中的圖表不符合標準 .同 時，畢業(yè)實踐環(huán)節(jié)中許多 指導老師在指導過程中缺乏詳細的記錄 .獨立學院、教學人員和研究部門不能嚴格地審計相關(guān)資料 . 2.3.5 論文的質(zhì)量 不少學生論文 的結(jié)構(gòu)是不合理的，并且論文的結(jié)構(gòu)和邏輯不能進一步得以調(diào)整，有的學生論文上下文以及段落之間缺 乏鏈接和過渡成分，還有的學生論文語言不流利或者邏輯不嚴謹，等等 .同時，很多學生很好的掌握和運用專業(yè)的基本理論與技巧 . 3 提高獨立學院本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）質(zhì)量的對策 畢業(yè)環(huán)節(jié)是最后一個也是最重要的一個集中實踐環(huán)節(jié) .獨立學院必須面對的一個重要的現(xiàn)實問題就是：如何有效地提高本科 生畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）的質(zhì)量 ，且確保這一重要教學任務(wù)得以能順利完成 . 3.1 統(tǒng)一思想，提高認識 獨立學院的本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文） 是教學計劃的一個重要的實踐環(huán)節(jié)，同時也是人才培養(yǎng)的一個主要課程 .目前，由于學院 、導師和學生不能 給予 足夠重視，所以獨立學院的本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）的質(zhì)量很低 .因此，獨立學院應該充分認識本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）的重要性，同時明確指導老師的責任并且讓他們?nèi)σ愿暗厝ブ笇П究粕?的畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文） .同時， 關(guān)于 畢業(yè)生畢業(yè)實習環(huán)節(jié)的教育工作應該得以展開，各種形式的宣傳工作也應該得到實施， 這樣才將會使畢業(yè)生首先關(guān)注于本科生畢業(yè) 設(shè)計（論文），而且也能提高他們對本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）的意識 . 3.2 選題工作的重要性 學生論文主題的選擇是至關(guān)重要的 ，它不僅與本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）的質(zhì)量有聯(lián)系，而且與人才培養(yǎng)以及學生的創(chuàng)新精神和實踐能力有關(guān) .5 .適當?shù)闹黝}對于拓寬學生的 知識與培養(yǎng)他們的綜合素質(zhì)大有好處，而且這樣的主題也能增加他們對于 本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）的興趣， 從而對于順利完成課程設(shè)計（論文）奠定了良好的基礎(chǔ) .因此，獨立學院在選題工作上應該多下點功夫 .主題應符 合專業(yè)培養(yǎng)目標且面向當?shù)厣鐣?jīng)濟的發(fā)展，并應結(jié)合科學研究和生產(chǎn) .同時，論文主題應與獨立學院的人才培養(yǎng)的特點相一致 .獨 立學院必須改革傳統(tǒng)的論文主題選擇模式，根據(jù)學生的能力去指導他們 .學生的熱情和主動性必須充分發(fā)揮作用 . 黃河科技學院畢業(yè)論文 (文獻翻譯 ) 第 4 頁 3.3 努力做好團隊建設(shè)和指導老師管理 在畢業(yè)環(huán)節(jié) 中，指導老師的水平和責任 對 于本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）的質(zhì)量來說是一個重要的因素 .由于獨立學院的歷史很短，并且 這個團隊 主要由年輕的老師組成，所以他們的科學研究水平和指導經(jīng)驗相對不足 .除此之外，由于招生數(shù)量增加的影響，許多獨立學院 里指導老師 數(shù)量很難滿足學生指導的需要 .因此， 目前存在一個常 見的現(xiàn)象：在獨立學院的導師團隊里，兼職老師占據(jù)相當大的比例，很多兼職老師指導學生時做得不夠太好，指導結(jié)果也不太令人滿意 .這樣的話， 為了提高本科畢業(yè)生畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）指導的質(zhì)量，必須采取一些措施 .首先，獨立學院要加強本身指導團隊的建設(shè) ；其次，對于那些有著強烈責任感、一定教學理論的并且有著豐富實踐經(jīng)驗的兼職老師，應該給予分配 ，而對于另外一些以敷衍的態(tài)度去履行責任的或者在先前論文指導工作中學生不太滿意的老師，應該不再給予選擇 ；最 后，應該對指導老師的指導情況進行不定期抽查且檢驗結(jié)果要公諸于眾 . 3.4 提高學生的基本 能力 獨立學院的學生的文化知識水平相對很低，而且他們的自我教育能力、自我管理能力和自我法無能力很不理想 .6 .這就要求所有的大學平常應該專門訓練學生的科學研究意識和寫作技巧 ， 并組織資深的能勝任的老師去開展關(guān)于外文翻譯、文學評論和學術(shù)文 章的相關(guān)教學活動，這將會為本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）打下良好的基礎(chǔ) .學生也應該盡量去提高他們 圖表數(shù)據(jù)處理能力 、計算機信息檢索能力、軟件應用能力以及獨立分析問題解決問題能力 .學生必須學會如何運用 現(xiàn)有的知識去處理問題，除 此之外，他們也應該消化和吸 收這些知識，并在最后能形成自己的觀點 . 4 結(jié)論 在新形勢下，獨立學院正處于發(fā)展和探索階段，是屬于更高教育機制和模式的一種探索和創(chuàng)新 ，因此，在本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）的教學環(huán)節(jié)的過程中，必然會遇到 這些 存在的 問題 .只要獨立學院能高度重視并且對這種環(huán)節(jié)采取有效的措 施，本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）的質(zhì)量一定會得以提高 . 致謝 這項工作是由浙江科技大學教育改革項目所 贊助 . 黃河科技學院畢業(yè)論文 (文獻翻譯 ) 第 5 頁 3.樓盛華 .提高本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文）質(zhì)量的探索與實踐 J. 浙江理工大學學報 ,2008,25(3):309312(漢版 ) 6.鄭慶柱 .獨立學院人才培養(yǎng)模式探究 -結(jié)合浙江省溫州市所屬獨 立學院人才培養(yǎng)模式分析 J.教學研究 ,2008,(7):.103106 (漢版 ) 黃河科技學院畢業(yè)論文 (文獻翻譯 ) 第 6 頁 附 :英文原文 The Analysis of Existing Problems and Countermeasures About the Undergraduates Graduation Design of Independent Colleges CAI Hangfeng, DING Jianbo Zhijiang College of Zhejiang University of Technology, P.R.China, 310024 Abstract： The undergraduates graduation design (thesis) of independent colleges is an important practice link in teaching program and a main course on the training of talents. In order to further enhance the quality of the undergraduates graduation design (thesis) of independent colleges, common problems of teaching link such as lack of administration systems, irregular guidance of teachers and inherent poor quality are analyzed in detail. From the reality of independent colleges, several countermeasures from the topic of graduation thesis and teacher guidance to the capacity development of students are proposed to improve the quality of the undergraduates graduation design (thesis). Keyword： The undergraduates graduation design (thesis), existing problems, countermeasures, independent colleges 1 Introduction The undergraduates graduation design (thesis) is the most important concentrated practice link in teaching program in independent colleges. Its quality reflects the overall level of teaching, teaching forces and discipline construction to a certain extent. Improving the quality of the undergraduates graduation design (thesis) is an important link and specific exhibition of the connotation construction in independent colleges, and is also a direct driving force to promote the sustainable development of independent colleges 1. In 2008, Education Department of Zhejiang Province spot-checked the undergraduates graduation design (thesis) of independent colleges for the first time 2. The results of this ransom inspection showed that compared with traditional undergraduate 黃河科技學院畢業(yè)論文 (文獻翻譯 ) 第 7 頁 colleges and universities, the quality of the undergraduates graduation design (thesis) of independent colleges was poor. In order to further enhance the quality of the undergraduates graduation design (thesis) of independent colleges, this paper analyzes existing problems of undergraduates graduation design (thesis). From the reality of independent colleges, several countermeasures are proposed to improve the quality of the undergraduates graduation design (thesis). 2 The Problems of the Undergraduates Graduation Design (Thesis) of Independent Colleges Now, most of independent colleges have paid attention to strengthen teaching and guidance links of the undergraduates graduation design (thesis), and established the standardized management systems for graduation link, which have achieved certain results. However, we should also see that the overall quality of the undergraduates graduation design (thesis) in independent colleges is not high, there are still more problems. The main problems are as follows. 2.1 The lack of management systems and ineffective implementation Most of independent colleges established the standardized management systems of the undergraduates graduation design (thesis). But, executive detailed rules, quality control and security systems have been far from perfection in many independent colleges. Especially, for process management of graduation link, many independent colleges lacked an effective way, which caused many students to pay less attention to the undergraduates graduation design (thesis) and teacher guidance to become a mere formality3. In addition, some independent colleges didnt control strictly the quality. Furthermore, because of the impact of student employment, it even appeared the phenomenon that some sacrifice the quality of the undergraduates graduation design (thesis) in order to complete the employment rate. 2.2 The problems of teacher guidance Some guidance teachers lacked a sense of responsibility and didnt implement in accordance with the work specification of the undergraduates graduation design (thesis), the 黃河科技學院畢業(yè)論文 (文獻翻譯 ) 第 8 頁 topics of some undergraduates graduation designs (theses) failed to come up to the teaching requirement. Some teachers made concessions for students and didnt require them strictly. Some didnt point out and correct some obvious mistakes which were found in their students undergraduates graduation designs (theses), which resulted in the lack of paper format standard, especially in the incompletion and non-standard of citations and references 4. 2.3 The problems of inherent quality 2.3.1 Topics A part of thesis topics were apart from practice and deviated from the training objective of their own professions. 2.3.2 Literature review Many students didnt understand how to write literature review and lack a comprehensive review with research situation and development trend in the relevant field. A lot of literature even wrote the content of the undergraduates graduation design（ thesis） itself. 2.3.3 Translation of foreign language The translation materials of some students didnt come up to the standard and the quality of translation was low. In addition, the contents of some foreign materials were less association with the topics of the undergraduates graduation design (thesis). 2.3.4 The format specification of thesis The mark of references didnt come up to the requirement and the format wasnt uniform. The charts didnt conform to the criterion. At the same time, many guidance teachers in graduation practice link lacked detailed records in the course of guidance. Independents colleges and the teaching and research sections didnt audit related materials strictly. 2.3.5 The quality of thesis The thesis framework of many students was unreasonable, the logic and structure of theses didnt been further adjusted. The contexts and paragraphs were less links and transition. The language wasnt fluent enough and logic wasnt rigorous and so on. Simultaneously, many 黃河科技學院畢業(yè)論文 (文獻翻譯 ) 第 9 頁 students didnt grasp and apply the professions basic theory and skills very well. 3 The Countermeasures of Improving the Undergraduates Graduation Design（ Thesis） of The Independent Colleges The graduation link is the last and most important concentrated practice link. Independent colleges must face an important realistic problem that is how to effectively improve the quality of the undergraduates graduation design (thesis) and ensure this important teaching task finished successfully. 3.1 The unity of thinking, the enhancement of awareness The undergraduates graduation design（ thesis） of independent colleges is an important practice link in teaching program, and a main course on the training of talents. Currently, the quality of the undergraduates graduation design（ thesis） of independent colleges is low, because colleges, teachers and students dont pay enough attention to the undergraduates graduation design (thesis) to a large extent. Accordingly, independent colleges should be fully aware of the importance of the undergraduates graduation design (thesis) and clearly define the responsibilities of guidance teachers, and make guidance teachers try their best to guide the undergraduates graduation design (thesis). At the same time, the education work of the graduation practice link for graduates should be made and the propaganda in various forms should be carried out, which will make graduates firstly pay attention to the undergraduates graduation design (thesis) in mind and enhance their consciousness do with the undergraduates graduation design (thesis). 3.2 Importance of topic selection work The students choice of thesis topics is crucial, which is related to not only the quality of the undergraduates graduation design (thesis) but only the training of talent training specifications and innovative spirit and practical ability of students 5. Appropriate Topics are of great benefit for students to broaden their knowledge and cultivate their overall quality, and enhance the students interest for the undergraduates graduation design (thesis), which lays a good foundation for completing the undergraduates graduation design (thesis) 黃河科技學院畢業(yè)論文 (文獻翻譯 ) 第 10 頁 successfully. Therefore, independent colleges should take great efforts to make topic selection work. Topics should meet professional training targets and be oriented to the local and regional social economic development, and combine with scientific research and production. At the same time, thesis topics should be consistent with the characteristics of talent cultivation of independent colleges. Independent colleges must reform the traditional topic selection pattern and teach students according to their aptitude. The enthusiasm and initiative of students must be given full play. 3.3 Making a good job for team-building and management of guidance teachers In the graduation link, the level and responsibility of guidance teachers is an important factor for the quality of the undergraduates graduation design (thesis). On account of a short history of independent colleges, the team of guidance teachers has composed mainly of young teachers, their scientific research level and guidance experience is deficient relatively. Moreover, due to the impact of increased enrollment, the number of guidance teachers in many independent is difficult to meet the needs of guiding students. Thus, there is a common phenomenon that the number of part-time teachers accounts for a large proportion in the guidance teacher team of independent colleges, some part-time teachers didnt do enough to guide the students and the guidance results werent satisfactory. Therefore, in order to improving the guidance quality of the undergraduates graduation design (thesis), some measures must be made. Firstly, independent colleges must strengthen the construction of own guidance team. Secondly, part-time teachers who own strong sense of responsibility, certain theoretical and teaching level and a wealth of practical experience should be assigned. Other part-time teachers whom performed their duties in a perfunctory manner and were dissatisfied by students in the previous guidance work would be no longer selected. In addition, guidance situations of guidance teachers should be spot-checked irregularly and the inspection results would be notified publicly. 3.4 Enhancing the basic abilities of students The students in independent colleges are relatively poor quality of cultural knowledge. The students capacity of self-education, self-management and self-service is weak 6. It demands 黃河科技學院畢業(yè)論文 (文獻翻譯 ) 第 11 頁 that all colleges usually focus on the training of scientific research consciousness and writing skills of students, and organize competent and experienced teachers to carry out teaching activities in the writing of translation of foreign language, literature review and scholarly articles, which would be laid a good foundation for the undergraduates graduation design (thesis). Students should try their best to improve the ability of graph and data processing, computer information retrieval, software application, independent analysis of issues and problem-solving. Students must learn how to draw from existing knowledge. Furthermore, they should digest and absorb this knowledge and form their own point of view at last. 4 Conclusion Independent college which is still in the development and exploratory stage is an exploration and innovation of the mechanism and mode for higher education in the new situation. Thus, the existing problems in the teaching link of the undergraduates graduation design (thesis) should be certainly experienced